{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T20:45:40Z","timestamp":1777409140002,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,14]],"date-time":"2012-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1352851200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0049333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,14]],"date-time":"2012-11-14T22:29:27Z","timestamp":1352932167000},"page":"e49333","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["New Insights into the Ageing of Linseed Oil Paint Binder: A Qualitative and Quantitative Analytical Study"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Ilaria","family":"Bonaduce","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Leslie","family":"Carlyle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria Perla","family":"Colombini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Celia","family":"Duce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Erika","family":"Ribechini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Selleri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria Rosaria","family":"Tin\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Mills JS, White R (1994) The Organic Chemistry of Museum Objects. Oddy A, editor. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinmann Ltd. 206 p."},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"Sonntag NOV (1979) Structure and composition of fats and oils. In: Swern D, editor. Bailey&apos;s Industrial Oils and Fat Products, 4th edition. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 1\u201398."},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02536034","article-title":"Mechanisms of Free Radical Oxidation of Unsatured Lipids","volume":"30","author":"NA Porter","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lipids"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/S0141-3910(99)00020-8","article-title":"Drying and oxidative degradation of linseed oil","volume":"65","author":"M Lazzari","year":"1999","journal-title":"Polymer Degradation and Stability"},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"36","article-title":"Chemical changes in old master paintings: dissolution, metal soap formation and remineralization processes in lead pigmented paint layers of 17th century paintings","volume":"16","author":"J van der Weerd","year":"2002","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Kunsttechnologie und Konservierung"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9673(02)00049-3","article-title":"Identification of non-cross-linked compounds in methanolic extracts of cured and aged linseed oil-based paint films using gas chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry","volume":"950","author":"JDJ van den Berg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Chromatography A"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"Gettens RJ, Kuhn H, Chase WT (1993) Lead White. In: Roy A, editor. Artist&apos;s Pigments, 2nd edition. New York: Oxford University Press."},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-5387(03)00461-3","article-title":"The characterisation of lead fatty acid soaps in \u201cprotrusions\u201d in aged traditional oil paint","volume":"22","author":"MJ Plater","year":"2003","journal-title":"Polyhydron"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-008-2126-5","article-title":"Attenuated Total Reflection micro FTIR characterisation of pigment-binder interaction in reconstructed paint films","volume":"392","author":"R Mazzeo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry"},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"Bonaduce I, Boon JJ (2008) An integrated mass spectrometric and molecular imaging analytical approach to identify and localise constituents in paintings applied to gilded multilayer structures from 14th to 16th C works of art. In: Colombini MP, Tassi L, editors. New Trends in Analytical, Environmental and Cultural Heritage Chemistry. Kerala, India: Research Signpost, Transworld Research Network. 389\u2013423."},{"key":"ref11","unstructured":"Keune K (2005) Binding medium, pigments and metal soaps characterised and localised in paint cross-sections. PhD Thesis, University of Amsterdam."},{"key":"ref12","unstructured":"Keune K, Hoogland F, Peggie D, Higgitt C, Boon JJ (2008) Comparative study of the effect of traditional pigments on artificially aged oil paint systems using complementary analytical techniques. In: Bridgland J, editor. Preprints of 15th Triennal Meeting of ICOM Committee for Conservation. New Delhi: Allied Publishers Pvt.Ltd. 833\u2013842."},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1179\/sic.2007.52.3.161","article-title":"Analytical imaging studies of cross-sections of paintings affected by lead soap aggregate formation","volume":"52","author":"K Keune","year":"2007","journal-title":"Studies in Conservation"},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"Boon JJ, van der Weerd J, Keune K, Noble P, Wadum J (2002) Mechanical and chemical changes in Old Master paintings: dissolution, metal soup formation and remineralization processes in lead pigmented ground\/intermediate paint layers of 17th century paintings. In: Vontobel R, editor. ICOM Committee for Conservation, ICOM-CC: 13th Triennial Meeting, Rio de Janeiro, 22\u201327 September 2002. Rio de Jainero: ICOM-CC, James and James 5."},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"Keune K, Noble P, Boon JJ (2002) Chemical changes in lead-pigmented oil paints: on the early stage of formation of protrusions. In: van Grieken R, Janssens K, Van&apos;t dack L, Meersman G, editors. Art 2002: 7th International Conference on Nondestructive Testing and Microanalysis for Diagnostics and Conservation of the Cultural and Environmental Heritage. Antwerp, Belgium. 9."},{"key":"ref16","unstructured":"Boon JJ, van der Weerd J, Keune K, Noble P, Wadum J (2001) Chemical changes in old master paintings: dissolution, metal soap formation and remineralisation processes in lead pigmented paint layers of 17th Century paintings. A joint meeting of ICOM-CC Working Groups Paintings 1 and 2 and The Paintings Section, UKIC, Deterioration of Artists\u2019 Paints: Effects and Analysis Extended Abstracts. London. 19\u201320."},{"key":"ref17","unstructured":"Boon JJ, Gore E, Keune K, Burnstock A (2005) Image analytical studies of lead soap aggregates and their relationship to lead and tin in 15th century lead tin yellow paints from the Sherbourne Triptych. In: Piccolo M, editor. The 6th Infrared and Raman Users Group Conference: Proceedings of the Conference. Florence: Il Prato, Padova. 66\u201373."},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.2533\/chimia.2001.952","article-title":"Imaging microspectroscopic, secondary ion mass spectrometric and electron microscopic studies on discoloured and partially discoloured smalt in crosssections of 16th century paintings","volume":"55","author":"JJ Boon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chimia"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sab.2004.03.021","article-title":"Characterization of the deterioration of bone black in the 17th century Oranjezaal paintings using electron-microscopic and micro-spectroscopic imaging techniques","volume":"59B","author":"A van Loon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spectrochimica Acta, Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy"},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"Kuhn H (1993) In Roy A, editor. Artist&apos;s Pigments. A Handbook of Their History and Characteristics. Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art."},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"Carlyle L (2000) Molart Fellowship Report: Historical Reconstructions of Artists\u2019s Oil Paint: an investigation of oil processing methods and the use of medium- modifiers. Report n\u00b0 72894: Canadian Conservation Institute."},{"key":"ref22","unstructured":"Carlyle L (2001) The Artist\u2019s Assistant. Oil Painting Instruction Manuals and Handbooks in Britain 1800\u20131900. With Reference to Selected Eighteenth-century Sources. London: Archetype Publications."},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"92","article-title":"The Gas Chromatographic Examination of Paint Media. Part 1. Fatty Acid Composition and Identification of Dried Oil Films","volume":"11","author":"JS Mills","year":"1966","journal-title":"Studies in Conservation"},{"key":"ref24","first-page":"3","article-title":"Organic Mass-Spectrometry of Art Materials: Work in Progress","volume":"6","author":"JS Mills","year":"1982","journal-title":"The National Gallery Technical Bulletin"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1002\/jssc.200301610","article-title":"Effects of traditional processing methods of linseed oil on the composition of its triacylglycerols","volume":"27","author":"JDJ van den Berg","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of Separation Science"},{"key":"ref26","unstructured":"van den Berg JDJ, Vermist ND, Boon JJ (2001) MALDI-TOF-MS and ESI-FTMS of oxidised triacylglycerols and oligomers in traditionally prepared linseed oils used for oil paintings. In: Gelpi Chichester E, editor. Advances in Mass Spectrometry, Volume 15. New York: Wiley. 822\u2013824."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sab.2004.07.026","article-title":"Investigation of the gilding technique in two post-Byzantine wall paintings using micro-analytical techniques","volume":"59","author":"O Katsibiri","year":"2004","journal-title":"Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-011-1586-6","article-title":"A multi-analytical approach to studying binding media in oil paintings. Characterisation of differently pre-treated linseed oil by DE-MS, TG and GC\/MS","volume":"107","author":"I Bonaduce","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-004-6775-0","article-title":"Techiques of thermal analysis applied to the study of cultural heritage","volume":"87","author":"J Pires","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1007\/s10973-010-0717-9","article-title":"Thermogravimetric analysis. A tool to evaluate the ability of mixtures in consolidating waterlogged archaeological woods","volume":"101","author":"I Donato","year":"2010","journal-title":"Jounal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-6031(00)00350-6","article-title":"Calorimetric, biochemical and morphological investigations to validate a restoration method of fire injured ancient parchment","volume":"348","author":"D Fessas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thermochimica Acta"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0040-6031(00)00612-2","article-title":"Dosimetry of paintings: determination of the degree of chemical change in museum exposed test paintings (lead white tempera) by infrared spectroscopy","volume":"365","author":"NS Cohen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thermochimica Acta"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ciomartan DA, Clarck RJH, McDonald LJ, Odlyha M (1996) Studies on the thermal decomposition of basic lead(II) carbonate by Fourier-transform Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermal analysis. Journal of the Chemical Society Dalton Transactions: 3639\u20133645.","DOI":"10.1039\/dt9960003639"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2183","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-011-5684-x","article-title":"Physico-chemical characterization of protein-pigment interactions in tempera paint reconstructions: casein\/cinnabar and albumin\/cinnabar","volume":"402","author":"C Duce","year":"2012","journal-title":"Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1021\/ac902141m","article-title":"GC\/MS Analytical Procedure for the Characterization of Glycerolipids, Natural Waxes, Terpenoid Resins, Proteinaceous and Polysaccharide Materials in the Same Paint Microsample Avoiding Interferences from Inorganic Media","volume":"82","author":"A Lluveras","year":"2010","journal-title":"Analytical Chemistry"},{"key":"ref36","unstructured":"Carlyle L, Witlox M (2005) HART Project Report. Report of the De Mayerne Programme project: Historically Accurate Reconstructions of Oil Paint and Painting Composites."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2010.07.094","article-title":"Pyrolysis kinetics and decomposition characteristics of pine trees Seung-Soo Kima","volume":"101","author":"J Kimb","year":"2010","journal-title":"BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY"},{"key":"ref38","unstructured":"van den Berg JDJ (2002) Analytical chemical studies on tradizional linseed oil paints. PhD Thesis. Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam. 279 p."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1179\/sic.1980.25.4.145","article-title":"The effects of some common pigments on the photo-oxidation of linseed oil-based paint media","volume":"25","author":"F Rasti","year":"1980","journal-title":"Studies in Conservation"},{"key":"ref40","unstructured":"Mills J, White R (2000) Organic Chemistry of Museum Objects, Second Edition (Conservation and Museology). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. 206 p."},{"key":"ref41","first-page":"4929","article-title":"Study of aging in oil paintings by 1D and \u201cD NMR spectroscopy. Analytical Chemistry","volume":"76","author":"A Spyros","year":"2004"},{"key":"ref42","unstructured":"Rivenc R, Schilling M, Learner T (2008) The potential for applying evaporation kinetics to the study of Art and archaeological materials. In: Bridgland J, editor. New Delhi, India: Allied Publishers Pvt. Ltd."},{"key":"ref43","unstructured":"Shilling MR, Carson DM, P KH (1998) Evaporation of Fatty Acids and the Formation of Ghost Images by Framed Oil Paintings. Western Association for Art Conservation (WAAC) Newsletter 21. Available: <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/cool.conservation-us.org\/waac\/wn\/wn21\/wn21-1\/wn21-106.html\" xlink:type=\"simple\">http:\/\/cool.conservation-us.org\/waac\/wn\/wn21\/wn21-1\/wn21-106.html<\/ext-link>. Accessed 2012 Oct 21."},{"key":"ref44","unstructured":"Andreotti A, Bonaduce I, Colombini MP, Modugno F, Ribechini E (2008) Characterisation of natural organic materials in paintings by GC\/MS analytical procedures. In: Colombini MP, Tassi L, editors. New Trends in Analytical, Environmental and Cultural Heritage Chemistry. Kerala, India: Transworld Research Network. 491."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1021\/ar900185f","article-title":"Analytical Strategies for Characterizing Organic Paint Media Using Gas Chromatography\/Mass Spectrometry","volume":"43","author":"MP Colombini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Accounts of Chemical Research"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Colombini MP, Modugno F, Ribechini E (2009) GC\/MS in the Characterization of Lipids. In: Colombini MP, Modugno F, editors. Organic mass spectrometry in art and archaeology. London: John Wiley and Sons. 191\u2013214.","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470741917.ch7"},{"key":"ref47","unstructured":"Van den Berg KJ, Tsouli M, Carlyle L (2004) GC analysis of aged oil paint: some comments on the significance and reproducibility of molecular markers. MaSC Meeting. Washington, DC: National Gallery of Art."},{"key":"ref48","unstructured":"Sutherland K (2003) Issues in the quantitative GC analysis of fatty acids for binding medium identification. Workshop on Binding Media Identification in Art Objects, ICN. Amsterdam, The Netherlands."},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.culher.2011.11.005","article-title":"An analytical investigation of the painting technique of Italian Renaissance master Lorenzo Lotto","volume":"13(3)","author":"KB Kalinina","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Cultural Heritage"},{"key":"ref50","unstructured":"Shilling MR, Khanjian HP (1996) Gas chromatographic determination of the fatty acid and glycerol content of lipids. I: The effects of pigments and ageing on the composition of oil paints. Committee for Conservation Preprints 11th triennial Meeting. London: James and James. 220\u2013227."},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1179\/sic.2000.45.1.54","article-title":"The Extraction of Soluble Components from an Oil Paint Film by a Varnish Solution","volume":"45","author":"K Sutherland","year":"2000","journal-title":"Studies in Conservation"},{"key":"ref52","unstructured":"Keune K, Ferreira ESB, Boon JJ (2005) Characterization and localization of the oil-binding medium in paint cross-sections using imaging secondary ion mass spectrometry. In: Verger I, editor. ICOM Committee for Conservation, preprints vol. 2. London: James and James. 796\u2013802."},{"key":"ref53","first-page":"47","article-title":"The cleaning of paintings: effects of organic solvents on oil paint films","volume":"2","author":"A Phenix","year":"2001","journal-title":"Reviews in Conservation"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1179\/sic.2003.48.2.111","article-title":"Solvent-Extractable Components of Linseed Oil Paint Films","volume":"48","author":"K Sutherland","year":"2003","journal-title":"Studies in Conservation"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0049333","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T11:09:22Z","timestamp":1714561762000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0049333"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Meni","family":"Wanunu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,14]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,14]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0049333","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,11,14]]}}}