{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,22]],"date-time":"2026-04-22T08:38:18Z","timestamp":1776847098112,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":92,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,13]],"date-time":"2013-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1384300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/3.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0080031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,13]],"date-time":"2013-11-13T23:08:03Z","timestamp":1384384083000},"page":"e80031","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":99,"title":["The First Modern Human Dispersals across Africa"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Teresa","family":"Rito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Martin B.","family":"Richards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ver\u00f3nica","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Farida","family":"Alshamali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Viktor","family":"Cerny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lu\u00edsa","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511618598","article-title":"Origins and revolutions: human identity in earliest prehistory","author":"C Gamble","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref2","article-title":"The origin of our species: Penguin","author":"C Stringer","year":"2011"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1038\/nature03258","article-title":"Stratigraphic placement and age of modern humans from Kibish, Ethiopia","volume":"433","author":"I McDougall","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01670","article-title":"Stratigraphic, chronological and behavioural contexts of Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia","volume":"423","author":"JD Clark","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1038\/nature01669","article-title":"Pleistocene Homo sapiens from Middle Awash, Ethiopia","volume":"423","author":"TD White","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511817830","article-title":"The first Africans: African archaeology from the earliest tool makers to most recent foragers","author":"L Barham","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6128","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0700747104","article-title":"Earliest evidence of modern human life history in North African early Homo sapiens","volume":"104","author":"TM Smith","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U_S_A"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"219","article-title":"The boulevard of broken dreams: evolutionary discontinuity in the Late Pleistocene Levant","year":"2007"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2007.11.002","article-title":"A critique of the chronometric evidence for hominid fossils: I. Africa and the Near East 500\u201350ka","volume":"54","author":"AR Millard","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Hum Evol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2005.08.010","article-title":"Human foot bones from Klasies River main site, South Africa","volume":"50","author":"GP Rightmire","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Hum Evol"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1172257","article-title":"The genetic structure and history of Africans and African Americans","volume":"324","author":"SA Tishkoff","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5154","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1017511108","article-title":"Hunter-gatherer genomic diversity suggests a southern African origin for modern humans","volume":"108","author":"BM Henn","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U_S_A"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msr212","article-title":"An Early Divergence of KhoeSan Ancestors from Those of Other Modern Humans Is Supported by an ABC-Based Analysis of Autosomal Resequencing Data","volume":"29","author":"KR Veeramah","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.937","article-title":"Bayesian inference of ancient human demography from individual genome sequences","volume":"43","author":"I Gronau","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1227721","article-title":"Genomic Variation in Seven Khoe-San Groups Reveals Adaptation and Complex African History","volume":"338","author":"CM Schlebusch","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2011.05.002","article-title":"A revised root for the human Y chromosomal phylogenetic tree: the origin of patrilineal diversity in Africa","volume":"88","author":"F Cruciani","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2013.02.002","article-title":"An African American Paternal Lineage Adds an Extremely Ancient Root to the Human Y Chromosome Phylogenetic Tree","volume":"92","author":"FL Mendez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E386","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.20921","article-title":"Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation","volume":"30","author":"M Van Oven","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hum Mutat"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1086\/302204","article-title":"The emerging tree of West Eurasian mtDNAs: a synthesis of control-region sequences and RFLPs","volume":"64","author":"V Macaulay","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1135566","article-title":"The mtDNA legacy of the Levantine early Upper Palaeolithic in Africa","volume":"314","author":"A Olivieri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1086\/344348","article-title":"The making of the African mtDNA landscape","volume":"71","author":"A Salas","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msr245","article-title":"The Expansion of mtDNA Haplogroup L3 within and out of Africa","volume":"29","author":"P Soares","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tig.2006.04.001","article-title":"Harvesting the fruit of the human mtDNA tree","volume":"22","author":"A Torroni","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Genet"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1086\/515503","article-title":"Mitochondrial footprints of human expansions in Africa","volume":"61","author":"E Watson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1469-1809.2001.6550439.x","article-title":"Prehistoric and historic traces in the mtDNA of Mozambique: insights into the Bantu expansions and the slave trade","volume":"65","author":"L Pereira","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1086\/302848","article-title":"mtDNA variation in the South African Kung and Khwe\u2014and their genetic relationships to other African populations","volume":"66","author":"YS Chen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref27","first-page":"133","article-title":"Analysis of mtDNA variation in African populations reveals the most ancient of all human continent-specific haplogroups","volume":"57","author":"YS Chen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2008.04.002","article-title":"The dawn of human matrilineal diversity","volume":"82","author":"DM Behar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2012.12.010","article-title":"Ancient Substructure in Early mtDNA Lineages of Southern Africa","volume":"92","author":"C Barbieri","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.022440799","article-title":"The evolution and developent of cranial form in Homo sapiens","volume":"99","author":"DE Lieberman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U_S_A"},{"key":"ref31","article-title":"A, Jakobsson M, Blum MGB","author":"P Sj\u00f6din","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1086\/374384","article-title":"Extensive female-mediated gene flow from sub-Saharan Africa into near eastern Arab populations","volume":"72","author":"M Richards","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2011.12.010","article-title":"The Arabian cradle: mitochondrial relicts of the first steps along the southern route out of Africa","volume":"90","author":"V Fernandes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-10-390","article-title":"Population expansion in the North African Late Pleistocene signalled by mitochondrial DNA haplogroup U6","volume":"10","author":"L Pereira","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Evol Biol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002397","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002397","article-title":"Genomic ancestry of North Africans supports back-to-Africa migrations","volume":"8","author":"BM Henn","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLOS Genet"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2140","article-title":"The genetic prehistory of southern Africa","volume":"3","author":"JK Pickrell","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref37","article-title":"The human career: Human biological and cultural origins","author":"RG Klein","year":"1989"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2009.01.005","article-title":"Engraved ochres from the middle stone age levels at Blombos cave, south Africa","volume":"57","author":"CS Henshilwood","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hum Evol"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1006\/jhev.2000.0435","article-title":"The revolution that wasn&apos;t: a new interpretation of the origin of modern human behavior","volume":"39","author":"S McBrearty","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Hum Evol"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1095905","article-title":"Middle stone age shell beads from South Africa","volume":"304","author":"C Henshilwood","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jas.2011.10.032","article-title":"Technological, elemental and colorimetric analysis of an engraved ochre fragment from the Middle Stone Age levels of Klasies River Cave 1, South Africa","volume":"39","author":"F d\u2019Errico","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Archaeol Sci"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16051","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0903532106","article-title":"Additional evidence on the use of personal ornaments in the Middle Paleolithic of North Africa","volume":"106","author":"F d'Errico","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U_S_A"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9964","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0703877104","article-title":"82,000-year-old shell beads from North Africa and implications for the origins of modern human behavior","volume":"104","author":"A Bouzouggar","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U_S_A"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1785","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1128139","article-title":"Middle Paleolithic shell beads in Israel and Algeria","volume":"312","author":"M Vanhaereny","year":"2006","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06204","article-title":"Early human use of marine resources and pigment in South Africa during the Middle Pleistocene","volume":"449","author":"CW Marean","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11660","article-title":"An early and enduring advanced technology originating 71,000 years ago in South Africa","volume":"491","author":"KS Brown","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1038\/449793a","article-title":"Palaeoanthropology: The coast in colour","volume":"449","author":"S McBrearty","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref48","first-page":"12","article-title":"The impossible coincidence","volume":"14","author":"P Mellars","year":"2005","journal-title":"A Singlespecies Models Orig Mod Hum Behavior Europe Evol Anthr"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1298","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1170165","article-title":"Late Pleistocene demography and the appearance of modern human behavior","volume":"324","author":"A Powell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16416","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0703874104","article-title":"East African megadroughts between 135 and 75 thousand years ago and bearing on early-modern human origins","volume":"104","author":"CA Scholz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U_S_A"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2012.02.004","article-title":"New ages for Middle and Later Stone Age deposits at Mumba rockshelter, Tanzania: Optically stimulated luminescence dating of quartz and feldspar grains","volume":"62","author":"LA Gliganic","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Hum Evol"},{"key":"ref52","article-title":"The environmental context for the origins of modern human diversity: A synthesis of regional variability in African climate","author":"MW Blome","year":"2012"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2009.05.001","article-title":"Correcting for purifying selection: an improved human mitochondrial molecular clock","volume":"84","author":"P Soares","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msm004","article-title":"No evidence for an mtDNA role in sperm motility: data from complete sequencing of asthenozoospermic males","volume":"24","author":"L Pereira","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"ref55","article-title":"BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95\/98\/NT","author":"TA Hall"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2491","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msr067","article-title":"Genetic structure of pastoral and farmer populations in the African Sahel","volume":"28","author":"V \u010cern\u00fd","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/141.2.743","article-title":"Mitochondrial portraits of human populations using median networks","volume":"141","author":"HJ Bandelt","year":"1995","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2009.04.013","article-title":"The diversity present in 5140 human mitochondrial genomes","volume":"84","author":"L Pereira","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msl209","article-title":"Whole-mtDNA genome sequence analysis of ancient African lineages","volume":"24","author":"MK Gonder","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2011.01.009","article-title":"Ancient voyaging and Polynesian origins","volume":"88","author":"P Soares","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e58993","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058993","article-title":"Evaluating Purifying Selection in the Mitochondrial DNA of Various Mammalian Species","volume":"8","author":"P Soares","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2013.02.044","article-title":"A Revised Timescale for Human Evolution Based on Ancient Mitochondrial Genomes","volume":"23","author":"Q Fu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"ref63","first-page":"935","article-title":"Origin and evolution of Native American mtDNA variation: a reappraisal","volume":"59","author":"P Forster","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1086\/303038","article-title":"mtDNA Variation among Greenland Eskimos: The Edge of theBeringian Expansion","volume":"67","author":"J Saillard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref65","first-page":"555","article-title":"PAML: a program package for phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood","volume":"13","author":"Z Yang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Comput Appl Biosci CABIOS"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msi103","article-title":"Bayesian coalescent inference of past population dynamics from molecular sequences","volume":"22","author":"AJ Drummond","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-7-214","article-title":"BEAST: Bayesian evolutionary analysis by sampling trees","volume":"7","author":"AJ Drummond","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Evol Biol"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9297(07)62954-1","article-title":"Tracing European founder lineages in the Near Eastern mtDNA pool","volume":"67","author":"M Richards","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511800313","article-title":"African archaeology","author":"DW Phillipson","year":"2005"},{"key":"ref70","first-page":"73","article-title":"Genetics and southern African prehistory: an archaeological view","volume":"88","author":"P Mitchell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Anthropol Sci"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.anthro.37.081407.085109","article-title":"A historical appraisal of clicks: A linguistic and genetic population perspective","volume":"37","author":"T G\u00fcldemann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Annu Rev Anthropol"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2012.192","article-title":"Genetic perspectives on the origin of clicks in Bantu languages from southwestern Zambia","volume":"21","author":"C Barbieri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22131","article-title":"Pleistocene-Holocene boundary in Southern Arabia from the perspective of human mtDNA variation","volume":"149","author":"A Al-Abri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2009.11.054","article-title":"The Archaeogenetics of Europe","volume":"20","author":"P Soares","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2008.0785","article-title":"Bayesian coalescent inference of major human mitochondrial DNA haplogroup expansions in Africa","volume":"276","author":"QD Atkinson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Lond B"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1002\/job.168","article-title":"The confounding role of personality and trait affectivity in the relationship between job and life satisfaction","volume":"23","author":"D Heller","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Organ Behav"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17614","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0708280104","article-title":"Statistical evaluation of alternative models of human evolution","volume":"104","author":"NJR Fagundes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U_S_A"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quascirev.2008.09.010","article-title":"Middle Stone Age (MSA) site distributions in eastern Africa and their relationship to Quaternary environmental change, refugia and the evolution of <italic>Homo<\/italic> <italic>sapiens<\/italic>","volume":"27","author":"LS Basell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Quat Sci Rev"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msq265","article-title":"Deep divergences of human gene trees and models of human origins","volume":"28","author":"MGB Blum","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gde.2004.08.010","article-title":"A structured ancestral population for the evolution of modern humans","volume":"14","author":"RM Harding","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Opin Genet Dev"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1002\/evan.20154","article-title":"Speculations about the selective basis for modern human craniofacial form","volume":"17","author":"DE Lieberman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Evol Anthr"},{"key":"ref82","article-title":"A genetic perspective on African prehistory"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-49-9-771","article-title":"Parasites as indicators of human biology and evolution","volume":"49","author":"RW Ashford","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref84","first-page":"137","article-title":"Towards a theory of modern human origins: geography, demography, and diversity in recent human evolution. Yearb Phys","volume":"41","author":"MM Lahr","year":"1998","journal-title":"Anthropologist"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quascirev.2010.12.012","article-title":"Pleistocene sea-level fluctuations and human evolution on the southern coastal plain of South Africa","volume":"30","author":"JS Compton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Quat Sci Rev"},{"key":"ref86","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms in southern African populations","author":"H Soodyall","year":"1993"},{"key":"ref87","first-page":"37","article-title":"The genetic prehistory of the Khoe and San. South Afr","volume":"20","author":"H Soodyall","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum_IT"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10693","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0801184105","article-title":"Y-chromosomal evidence of a pastoralist migration through Tanzania to southern Africa","volume":"105","author":"BM Henn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U_S_A"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2008.10.005","article-title":"Shells and ochre in Middle Paleolithic Qafzeh Cave, Israel: indications for modern behavior","volume":"56","author":"B Vandermeersch","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Hum Evol"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1162219","article-title":"Ages for the Middle Stone Age of southern Africa: Implications for human behavior and dispersal","volume":"322","author":"Z Jacobs","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10699","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1306043110","article-title":"Genetic and archaeological perspectives on the initial modern human colonization of southern Asia","volume":"110","author":"P Mellars","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U_S_A"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2180","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msm155","article-title":"History of click-speaking populations of Africa inferred from mtDNA and Y chromosome genetic variation","volume":"24","author":"SA Tishkoff","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0080031","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,12]],"date-time":"2022-03-12T07:30:09Z","timestamp":1647070209000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0080031"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Tom","family":"Gilbert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,13]]},"references-count":92,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,13]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0080031","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,13]]}}}