{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T03:22:57Z","timestamp":1776309777189,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,5]],"date-time":"2014-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1409875200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0107112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,5]],"date-time":"2014-09-05T19:03:04Z","timestamp":1409943784000},"page":"e107112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":94,"title":["Numerical Relations and Skill Level Constrain Co-Adaptive Behaviors of Agents in Sports Teams"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Pedro","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Travassos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lu\u00eds","family":"Vilar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Aguiar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Keith","family":"Davids","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Duarte","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J\u00falio","family":"Garganta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03262285","article-title":"Sport teams as superorganisms: implications of biological models for research and practice in team sports performance analysis","volume":"42","author":"R Duarte","year":"2012","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2005.1733","article-title":"The principles of collective animal behaviour","volume":"361","author":"DJT Sumpter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1177\/1088868311430834","article-title":"The Superorganism Account of Human Sociality: How and When Human Groups Are Like Beehives","volume":"16","author":"S Kesebir","year":"2012","journal-title":"Pers Soc Psychol Rev"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1558-5646.2007.00202.x","article-title":"Are we stalled part way through a major evolutionary transition from individual to group?","volume":"61","author":"S Stearns","year":"2007","journal-title":"Evolution"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2007.07.002","article-title":"Rocking together: dynamics of intentional and unintentional interpersonal coordination","volume":"26","author":"MJ Richardson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum Mov Sci"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2005.12.009","article-title":"Joint action: Bodies and minds moving together","volume":"10","author":"N Sebanz","year":"2006","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmidt R, Richardson M (2008) Dynamics of interpersonal coordination. In: Fuchs A, Jirsa VK, editors. Coordination: Neural, Behavioral and Social Dynamics. Verlag Berlin Heidelberg: Springer. pp. 281\u2013308.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-74479-5_14"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1207\/s15326969eco1801_1","article-title":"Contrasting approaches to perceiving and acting with others","volume":"18","author":"KL Marsh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ecol Psychol"},{"key":"ref9","first-page":"175","article-title":"Constraints-induced emergence of functional novelty in complex neurobiological systems: a basis for creativity in sport","volume":"15","author":"R Hristovski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nonlinear Dynamics Psychol Life Sci"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1177\/105971230601400103","article-title":"Movement models from sports provide representative task constraints for studying adaptive behaviour in human movement studies","volume":"14","author":"K Davids","year":"2006","journal-title":"Adapt Behav"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-012-0001-1","article-title":"Self-Organization Processes in Field-Invasion Team Sports","volume":"43","author":"P Passos","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.3200\/35-08-061","article-title":"Interpersonal pattern dynamics and adaptative behavior in multiagent neurobiological systems: conceptual model and data","volume":"41","author":"P Passos","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Mot Behav"},{"key":"ref13","unstructured":"Button C, Chow J-Y, Travassos B, Vilar L, Duarte R, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (2012) A nonlinear pedagogy for sports teams as social neurobiological systems: how teams can harness self-organization tendencies. In: Ovens A, Hopper T, Butler J, editors. Complexity thinking in physical education. Oxon: Routledge. pp. 135\u2013150."},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"Worthington E (1974) Learning and teaching soccer skills. Hollywood: Wilshire Book Company."},{"key":"ref15","unstructured":"Teodorescu L (1977) Th\u00e9orie et m\u00e9thodologie des jeux sportifs; r\u00e9unis L\u00e9f, editor: Les \u00e9diteurs fran\u00e7ais r\u00e9unis."},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s11424-013-2286-z","article-title":"Science of winning soccer: emergent pattern-forming dynamics in Association Football","volume":"26","author":"L Vilar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Systems Science and Complexity"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1007\/s40279-013-0070-9","article-title":"Shared knowledge or shared affordances? Insights from an ecological dynamics approach to team coordination in sports","volume":"43","author":"P Silva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1080\/00222895.2011.552078","article-title":"Interpersonal Distance Regulates Functional Grouping Tendencies of Agents in Team Sports","volume":"43","author":"P Passos","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Mot Behav"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2011.04.003","article-title":"Interpersonal coordination and ball dynamics in futsal (indoor football)","volume":"30","author":"B Travassos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Mov Sci"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.newideapsych.2011.12.003","article-title":"Affordances can invite behaviour: Reconsidering the relationship between affordances and agency","volume":"30","author":"R Withagen","year":"2012","journal-title":"New Ideas Psychol"},{"key":"ref21","unstructured":"Gibson J (1979) The ecological approach to visual perception. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.25.1.120","article-title":"Perceiving affordances for another person&apos;s actions","volume":"25","author":"T Stoffregen","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"107","article-title":"Perceiving the Actions of Other People","volume":"19","author":"LS Mark","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ecol Psychol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1037\/a0026261","article-title":"Action-specific effects in a social context: Others&apos; abilities influence perceived speed","volume":"38","author":"JK Witt","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1037\/a0026512","article-title":"Does ease to block a ball affect perceived ball speed? Examination of alternative hypotheses","volume":"38","author":"JK Witt","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2011.00038","article-title":"Interpersonal synergies","volume":"2","author":"M Riley","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1097\/JES.0b013e318292f3ec","article-title":"How small-sided and conditioned games enhance acquisition of movement and decision-making skills","volume":"41","author":"K Davids","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exerc Sport Sci Rev"},{"key":"ref28","unstructured":"Ara\u00fajo D, Silva P, Davids K (in press) Capturing group tactical behaviors in expert team players. In: Baker J, Farrow D, editors. Rotledge Handbook of Sport Expertise: Routledge."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.newideapsych.2010.10.001","article-title":"Nonlinear pedagogy: learning design for self-organizing neurobiological systems","volume":"29","author":"JY Chow","year":"2011","journal-title":"New Ideas Psychol"},{"key":"ref30","unstructured":"Silva P, Aguiar P, Duarte R, Davids K, Ara\u00fajo D, <etal>et al<\/etal>.. (in press) Effects of pitch size and skill level on tactical behaviours of Association Football players during small-sided and conditioned games. International Journal of Sports Science &amp; Coaching."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1080\/1750984X.2010.519400","article-title":"The coordination of labour in sports teams","volume":"3","author":"D Eccles","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int Rev Sport Exerc Psychol"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9590.2008.00413.x","article-title":"Mathematical analysis of a soccer game. Part I: individual and collective behaviours","volume":"121","author":"Z Yue","year":"2008","journal-title":"Studies in Applied Mathematics"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2012.04.006","article-title":"Spatial dynamics of team sports exposed by Voronoi diagrams","volume":"31","author":"S Fonseca","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Mov Sci"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1080\/17461391.2010.499967","article-title":"Oscillations of centroid position and surface area of soccer teams in small-sided games","volume":"11","author":"W Frencken","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur J Sport Sci"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1007\/s11424-013-2290-3","article-title":"Capturing complex, non-linear team behaviours during competitive football performance","volume":"26","author":"R Duarte","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Systems Science and Complexity"},{"key":"ref36","unstructured":"Duarte R, Fernandes O, Folgado H, Ara\u00fajo D (2013) Single camera analysis in studying pattern forming dynamics of player interactions in team sports. In: Davids K, Ara\u00fajo D, Balague N, Button C, Passos P, editors. Complex systems in sport: Routledge."},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1080\/026404197367416","article-title":"Dynamic-system analysis of opponent relationships in collective actions in soccer","volume":"15","author":"J-F Gr\u00e9haigne","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1080\/00336297.1995.10484171","article-title":"Tactical knowledge in team sports from a constructivist and cognitivist perspective","volume":"47","author":"J-F Grehaigne","year":"1995","journal-title":"Quest"},{"key":"ref39","unstructured":"Gr\u00e9haigne J-F (1988) Game systems in soccer from the point of view of coverage of space. In: Reilly T, Lees A, Davids K, Murphy WJ, editors. Science and Football. London: E. &amp; FN Spon. pp. 316\u2013321."},{"key":"ref40","unstructured":"Hughes C (1994) The football association coaching book of soccer tactics and skills. Harpenden: Queen Anne Press."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410600811858","article-title":"Factors influencing physiological responses to small-sided soccer games","volume":"25","author":"E Rampinini","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1080\/24748668.2013.11868646","article-title":"Assessment of 5 Hz and 10 Hz GPS units for measuring athlete movement demands","volume":"13","author":"R Johnston","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsams.2008.09.015","article-title":"Validity and reliability of GPS devices for measuring movement demands of team sports","volume":"13","author":"AJ Coutts","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Sci Med Sport"},{"key":"ref44","first-page":"159","article-title":"Virtues of the Haversine","volume":"68","author":"RW Sinnott","year":"1984","journal-title":"Sky and Telescope"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chatfield C (2003) The analysis of time series: an introduction. New York: Chapman &amp; Hall.","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203491683"},{"key":"ref46","unstructured":"Cohen J (1988) Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates."},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychsport.2011.11.009","article-title":"Informational constraints shape emergent functional behaviours during performance of interceptive actions in team sports","volume":"13","author":"B Travassos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychol Sport Exerc"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13763","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.231499798","article-title":"Degeneracy and complexity in biological systems","volume":"20","author":"G Edelman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2011.10.004","article-title":"Spatiotemporal coordination behaviors in futsal (indoor football) are guided by informational game constraints","volume":"31","author":"B Travassos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Mov Sci"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410802208986","article-title":"Information-governing dynamics of attacker-defender interactions in youth Rugby Union","volume":"26","author":"P Passos","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Sports Sci"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.3200\/35-08-061","article-title":"Interpersonal Pattern Dynamics and Adaptive Behavior in Multiagent Neurobiological Systems: Conceptual Model and Data","volume":"41","author":"P Passos","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Mot Behav"},{"key":"ref52","unstructured":"Ara\u00fajo D, Davids K, Bennett S, Button C, Chapman G (2004) Emergence of sport skills under constraints. In: Williams M, Hodges N, editors. Skill Acquisition in Sport Research, Theory and Practice. UK: Routledge. pp. 409\u2013433."},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.2174\/1875399X01003010016","article-title":"The ecological dynamics of 1v1 sub-phases in association football","volume":"3","author":"R Duarte","year":"2010","journal-title":"Open Sports Sci J"}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0107112","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,16]],"date-time":"2022-04-16T11:37:54Z","timestamp":1650109074000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0107112"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Ramesh","family":"Balasubramaniam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,5]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0107112","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,5]]}}}