{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T17:09:20Z","timestamp":1793293760889,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,26]],"date-time":"2014-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1419552000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0115253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,26]],"date-time":"2014-12-26T14:00:08Z","timestamp":1419602408000},"page":"e115253","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":144,"title":["Scholarly Context Not Found: One in Five Articles Suffers from Reference Rot"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Martin","family":"Klein","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Herbert","family":"Van de Sompel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Sanderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harihar","family":"Shankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lyudmila","family":"Balakireva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ke","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Tobin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"Hiberlink (2014) Available: http:\/\/hiberlink.org\/<\/ext-link>. Accessed: 2014 November 1."},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"Resolve a DOI Name (2014) Available: http:\/\/dx.doi.org<\/ext-link>. Accessed: 2014 November 1."},{"key":"ref3","unstructured":"LOCKSS (2014) Available: http:\/\/lockss.org\/<\/ext-link>. Accessed: 2014 November 1."},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"CLOCKSS (2014) Available: http:\/\/www.clockss.org\/<\/ext-link>. Accessed: 2014 November 1."},{"key":"ref5","unstructured":"Portico - A Digital Preservation and Electronic Archiving Service (2014) Available: http:\/\/www.portico.org\/<\/ext-link>. Accessed: 2014 November 1."},{"key":"ref6","unstructured":"The Keepers Registry (2014) Available: http:\/\/thekeepers.org\/<\/ext-link>. Accessed: 2014 November 1."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-2544-7_5","article-title":"Wavelab and reproducible research","volume":"volume 103","author":"JB Buckheit","year":"1995","journal-title":"Wavelets and Statistics"},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"Berners-Lee T (1998) Cool URIs don't change. Available: http:\/\/www.w3.org\/Provider\/Style\/URI.html<\/ext-link>. Accessed: 2014 November 26."},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1002\/asi.10018","article-title":"Web Page Change and Persistence - A Four-Year Longitudinal Study","volume":"53","author":"WC Koehler","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology"},{"key":"ref10","unstructured":"The Chesapeake Digital Preservation Group (2013) \u201cLink Rot\u201d and Legal Resources on the Web: A 2013 Analysis by the Chesapeake Digital Preservation Group."},{"key":"ref11","article-title":"Perma: Scoping and addressing the problem of link and reference rot in legal citations","volume":"127","author":"J Zittrain","year":"2014","journal-title":"Harward Law Review Forum"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btg465","article-title":"404 not found: the stability and persistence of urls published in medline","volume":"20","author":"JD Wren","year":"2004","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btn127","article-title":"Url decay in medlinea 4-year follow-up study","volume":"24","author":"JD Wren","year":"2008","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1890\/070022","article-title":"Ecology in the information age: patterns of use and attrition rates of internet-based citations in esa journals, 1997\u20132005","volume":"6","author":"JJ Duda","year":"2008","journal-title":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1109\/2.901164","article-title":"Persistence of Web References in Scientific Research","volume":"34","author":"S Lawrence","year":"2001","journal-title":"Computer"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1145\/602421.602422","article-title":"The decay and failures of web references","volume":"46","author":"D Spinellis","year":"2003","journal-title":"Communications of the ACM"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1177\/1461444807081226","article-title":"The half-life of internet references cited in communication journals","volume":"9","author":"DV Dimitrova","year":"2007","journal-title":"New Media & Society"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1197\/jamia.M2243","article-title":"The prevalence and inaccessibility of internet references in the biomedical literature at the time of publication","volume":"14","author":"D Aronsky","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1088234","article-title":"Information Science: Going, Going, Gone: Lost Internet References","volume":"302","author":"RP Dellavalle","year":"2003","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-14-S14-S5","article-title":"A cross disciplinary study of link decay and the effectiveness of mitigation techniques","volume":"14","author":"J Hennessey","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1108\/00012531211215196","article-title":"Accessibility of online resources cited in scholarly LIS journals: A study of emerald ISI-ranked journals","volume":"64","author":"A Sadat-Moosavi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Aslib Proceedings"},{"key":"ref22","article-title":"Raising the dead: Recovery of decayed online citations","volume":"9","author":"DV Dimitrova","year":"2007","journal-title":"American Communication Journal"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.3163\/1536-5050.97.2.009","article-title":"Disappearing act: decay of uniform resource locators in health care management journals","volume":"97","author":"C Wagner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of the Medical Library Association: JMLA"},{"key":"ref24","unstructured":"Sanderson R, Phillips M, Van de Sompel H (2011) Analyzing the Persistence of Referenced Web Resources with Memento. Technical Report arXiv: 1105.3459."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1109\/2.841784","article-title":"Keeping Up With the Changing Web","volume":"33","author":"B Brewington","year":"2000","journal-title":"Computer"},{"key":"ref26","unstructured":"Cho J, Garcia-Molina H (2000) The Evolution of the Web and Implications for an Incremental Crawler. In: Proceedings of VLDB \u203200. pp. 200\u2013209."},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fetterly D, Manasse M, Najork M, Wiener J (2003) A Large-Scale Study of the Evolution of Web Pages. In: Proceedings of WWW \u203203. pp. 669\u2013678.","DOI":"10.1145\/775152.775246"},{"key":"ref28","unstructured":"Ntoulas A, Cho J, Olston C (2004) What's New on the Web? The Evolution of the Web from a Search Engine Perspective. In: Proceedings of WWW \u203204. pp. 1\u201312."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adar E, Teevan J, Dumais ST, Elsas JL (2009) The Web Changes Everything: Understanding the Dynamics of Web Content. In: Proceedings of WSDM \u203209. pp. 282\u2013291.","DOI":"10.1145\/1498759.1498837"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adar E, Dontcheva M, Fogarty J, Weld DS (2008) Zoetrope: Interacting with the Ephemeral Web. In: Proceedings of UIST \u203208. pp. 239\u2013248.","DOI":"10.1145\/1449715.1449756"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1007\/s00799-014-0108-0","article-title":"Moved but not gone: an evaluation of real-time methods for discovering replacement web pages","volume":"14","author":"M Klein","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal on Digital Libraries"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Klein M, Nelson ML (2008) Revisiting Lexical Signatures to (Re-)Discover Web Pages. In: Proceedings of ECDL \u203208. pp. 371\u2013382.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-87599-4_38"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Van de Sompel H, Nelson ML, Sanderson R (2013) RFC 7089: HTTP Framework for Time-Based Access to Resource States \u2013 Memento.","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc7089"},{"key":"ref34","unstructured":"arXiv.org e-Print archive (2014) Available: http:\/\/arxiv.org\/<\/ext-link>. Accessed: 2014 November 1."},{"key":"ref35","unstructured":"Elsevier (2014) Available: http:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/<\/ext-link>. Accessed: 2014 November 1."},{"key":"ref36","unstructured":"Randoim (2014) Available: http:\/\/labs.crossref.org\/randoim\/<\/ext-link>. Accessed: 2014 November 1."},{"key":"ref37","unstructured":"CrossRef Text and Data Mining (2014) Available: http:\/\/tdmsupport.crossref.org\/<\/ext-link>. Accessed: 2014 November 1."},{"key":"ref38","unstructured":"PubMed Central (2014) Available: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/<\/ext-link>. Accessed: 2014 November 1."},{"key":"ref39","unstructured":"Ulrich's knowledgebase (2014) Available: http:\/\/www.proquest.com\/products-services\/Ulrichsweb.html<\/ext-link>.Ulrich's Periodicals Directory. \u00a9 [2014] ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. Used with permission. Accessed: 2014 November 1."},{"key":"ref40","unstructured":"National Science Board (2014) Science and Engineering Indicators 2014. Arlington VA: National Science Foundation (NSB 14-01)."},{"key":"ref41","unstructured":"PDFTOHTML (2014) Available: http:\/\/pdftohtml.sourceforge.net\/<\/ext-link>. Accessed: 2014 November 1."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhou K, Tobin R, Grover C (2014) Large-Scale Extraction and Analysis of Web Link References in Scholarly Articles. In: Proceedings of DL \u203214 (to appear).","DOI":"10.1109\/JCDL.2014.6970220"},{"key":"ref43","unstructured":"Reverse domain lookup (2014) Available: http:\/\/labs.crossref.org\/reverse-domain-lookup\/<\/ext-link>. Accessed: 2014 November 1."},{"key":"ref44","unstructured":"IANA (2012) Available: https:\/\/www.icann.org\/resources\/pages\/tlds-2012-02-25-en<\/ext-link>. Accessed: 2014 November 1."},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheshire S, Krochmal M (2013) RFC 6761: Special-Use Domain Names.","DOI":"10.17487\/rfc6761"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s00799-014-0118-y","article-title":"Profiling web archive coverage for top-level domain and content language","volume":"14","author":"A AlSum","year":"2014","journal-title":"International Journal on Digital Libraries"},{"key":"ref47","unstructured":"(2009) NIH open access mandate made permanent. Available: http:\/\/sciencecommons.org\/weblog\/archives\/2009\/03\/17\/nih-mandate-made-permanent\/<\/ext-link>. Accessed: 2014 November 1."},{"key":"ref48","unstructured":"NIHMS statistics (2014) Available: http:\/\/www.nihms.nih.gov\/stats\/index.shtml<\/ext-link>. Accessed: 2014 November 1."},{"key":"ref49","unstructured":"DOI display guidelines (2014) Available: http:\/\/www.crossref.org\/02publishers\/doi_display_guidelines.html<\/ext-link>. Accessed: 2014 November 26."},{"key":"ref50","article-title":"Rate of change and other metrics: a live study of the world wide web","volume":"volume 119","author":"F Douglis","year":"1997","journal-title":"In: USENIX Symposium on Internet Technologies and Systems"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1353\/pla.2003.0098","article-title":"Librarians and link rot: A comparative analysis with some methodological considerations","volume":"3","author":"DC Tyler","year":"2003","journal-title":"portal: Libraries and the Academy"},{"key":"ref52","unstructured":"Ware M, Mabe M (2012). The STM report. An overview of scientific and scholarly journal publishing."},{"key":"ref53","unstructured":"WebCite (2014) Available: http:\/\/webcitation.org\/<\/ext-link>. Accessed: 2014 November 1."},{"key":"ref54","unstructured":"Figshare (2014) Available: http:\/\/figshare.com\/<\/ext-link>. Accessed: 2014 November 1."},{"key":"ref55","unstructured":"ZENODO (2014) Available: http:\/\/zenodo.org\/<\/ext-link>. Accessed: 2014 November 1."},{"key":"ref56","unstructured":"GitHub (2014) Available: https:\/\/github.com\/<\/ext-link>. Accessed: 2014 November 1."},{"key":"ref57","unstructured":"Zotero extension (2014) Available: https:\/\/github.com\/rwincewicz\/zotero_hiberlink<\/ext-link>. Accessed: 2014 November 1."},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-08434-3_2","article-title":"Towards robust hyperlinks for web-based scholarly communication","volume":"volume 8543","author":"H Van de Sompel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Intelligent Computer Mathematics"},{"key":"ref59","unstructured":"Van de Sompel H, Klein M, Sanderson R, Nelson ML (2014) Thoughts on Referencing, Linking, Reference Rot. Available: http:\/\/mementoweb.org\/missing-link\/<\/ext-link>. Accessed: 2014 November 1."},{"key":"ref60","unstructured":"Memento Time Travel (2014) Available: https:\/\/chrome.google.com\/webstore\/detail\/memento-time-travel\/jgbfpjledahoajcppakbgilmojkaghgm?hl=engl=US<\/ext-link>. Accessed: 2014 November 1."},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bechhofer S, De Roure D, Gamble M, Goble C, Buchan I (2010) Research objects: Towards exchange and reuse of digital knowledge. The Future of the Web for Collaborative Science.","DOI":"10.1038\/npre.2010.4626.1"},{"key":"ref62","unstructured":"Wikipedia talk: Link rot (2014) Available: http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wikipedia_talk:Link_rot<\/ext-link>. Accessed: 2014 November 1."},{"key":"ref63","unstructured":"The New York Times (2013) In supreme court opinions, web links to nowhere. Available: http:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2013\/09\/24\/us\/politics\/in-supreme-court-opinions-clicks-that-lead-nowhere.html<\/ext-link>. Accessed: 2014 November 1."},{"key":"ref64","unstructured":"The National Archives (2014) Available: http:\/\/nationalarchives.gov.uk\/webarchive\/webmasters.htm<\/ext-link>. Accessed: 2014 November 1."},{"key":"ref65","unstructured":"SalahEldeen H, Nelson ML (2012) Losing My Revolution: How Many Resources Shared on Social Media Have Been Lost? In: Proceedings of TPDL \u203212. pp. 125\u2013137."},{"key":"ref66","unstructured":"Broken wordpress links (2014)Available: http:\/\/inkdroid.org\/journal\/2013\/10\/28\/broken-wordpress-links\/<\/ext-link>. Accessed: 2014 November 1."}],"container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0115253","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,18]],"date-time":"2019-08-18T21:10:33Z","timestamp":1566162633000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0115253"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Judit","family":"Bar-Ilan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"editor"}]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,26]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0115253","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,12,26]]}}}