{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T15:18:33Z","timestamp":1778512713986,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,7]],"date-time":"2015-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1428364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0122271","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,7]],"date-time":"2015-04-07T18:48:13Z","timestamp":1428432493000},"page":"e0122271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":144,"title":["TYK2 Protein-Coding Variants Protect against Rheumatoid Arthritis and Autoimmunity, with No Evidence of Major Pleiotropic Effects on Non-Autoimmune Complex Traits"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Doroth\u00e9e","family":"Diogo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Bastarache","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Katherine P.","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Robert R.","family":"Graham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Robert S.","family":"Fulton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jeffrey D.","family":"Greenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Steve","family":"Eyre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"John","family":"Bowes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Annette","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Dimitrios A.","family":"Pappas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joel M.","family":"Kremer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Barton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marieke J. H.","family":"Coenen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Franke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lambertus A.","family":"Kiemeney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Xavier","family":"Mariette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Corrine","family":"Richard-Miceli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Canh\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jo\u00e3o E.","family":"Fonseca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Niek","family":"de Vries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paul P.","family":"Tak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"J. Bart A.","family":"Crusius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael T.","family":"Nurmohamed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fina","family":"Kurreeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ted R.","family":"Mikuls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Yukinori","family":"Okada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eli A.","family":"Stahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tracie L.","family":"Deluca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michelle","family":"O'Laughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Catrina C.","family":"Fronick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lucinda L.","family":"Fulton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Roman","family":"Kosoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Ransom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tushar R.","family":"Bhangale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ward","family":"Ortmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Cagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Vivian","family":"Gainer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elizabeth W.","family":"Karlson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Isaac","family":"Kohane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shawn N.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Zhernakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Klareskog","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Leonid","family":"Padyukov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jane","family":"Worthington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elaine R.","family":"Mardis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Michael F.","family":"Seldin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Peter K.","family":"Gregersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Behrens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Soumya","family":"Raychaudhuri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joshua C.","family":"Denny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Robert M.","family":"Plenge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12873","article-title":"Genetics of rheumatoid arthritis contributes to biology and drug discovery","volume":"506","author":"Y Okada","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2462","article-title":"High-density genetic mapping identifies new susceptibility loci for rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"44","author":"S Eyre","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0000000000000012","article-title":"Genome-wide association studies to advance our understanding of critical cell types and pathways in rheumatoid arthritis: recent findings and challenges","volume":"26","author":"D Diogo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2013.10.012","article-title":"Beyond GWASs: illuminating the dark road from association to function","volume":"93","author":"SL Edwards","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003723","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1003723","article-title":"Deep resequencing of GWAS loci identifies rare variants in CARD9, IL23R and RNF186 that are associated with ulcerative colitis","volume":"9","author":"M Beaudoin","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.1053","article-title":"Rare MTNR1B variants impairing melatonin receptor 1B function contribute to type 2 diabetes","volume":"44","author":"A Bonnefond","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054013","article-title":"Hobbs HH. Sequence variations in PCSK9, low LDL, and protection against coronary heart disease","volume":"354","author":"JC Cohen","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12825","article-title":"Rare coding variants in the phospholipase D3 gene confer risk for Alzheimer&apos;s disease","volume":"505","author":"C Cruchaga","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Flannick J, Thorleifsson G, Beer NL, Jacobs SB, Grarup N, Burtt NP, et al. Loss-of-function mutations in SLC30A8 protect against type 2 diabetes. Nat Genet. 2014.","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2915"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.118","article-title":"Rare independent mutations in renal salt handling genes contribute to blood pressure variation","volume":"40","author":"W Ji","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGENETICS.111.960864","article-title":"Excess of rare variants in non-genome-wide association study candidate genes in patients with hypertriglyceridemia","volume":"5","author":"CT Johansen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Genet"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2012.03.013","article-title":"Rare and common variants in CARD14, encoding an epidermal regulator of NF-kappaB, in psoriasis","volume":"90","author":"CT Jordan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002521","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002521","article-title":"Genetic and functional analyses of SHANK2 mutations suggest a multiple hit model of autism spectrum disorders","volume":"8","author":"CS Leblond","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.733","article-title":"Resequencing of positional candidates identifies low frequency IL23R coding variants protecting against inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"43","author":"Y Momozawa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1167728","article-title":"Rare variants of IFIH1, a gene implicated in antiviral responses, protect against type 1 diabetes","volume":"324","author":"S Nejentsev","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.09.058","article-title":"KSR2 mutations are associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and impaired cellular fuel oxidation","volume":"155","author":"LR Pearce","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.952","article-title":"Deep resequencing of GWAS loci identifies independent rare variants associated with inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"43","author":"MA Rivas","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2741","article-title":"Rare variants in CFI, C3 and C9 are associated with high risk of advanced age-related macular degeneration","volume":"45","author":"JM Seddon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4309","article-title":"Lessons learned from the fate of AstraZeneca&apos;s drug pipeline: a five-dimensional framework","volume":"13","author":"D Cook","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4051","article-title":"Validating therapeutic targets through human genetics","volume":"12","author":"RM Plenge","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3461","article-title":"Pleiotropy in complex traits: challenges and strategies","volume":"14","author":"N Solovieff","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3502","article-title":"Genetic insights into common pathways and complex relationships among immune-mediated diseases","volume":"14","author":"M Parkes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq126","article-title":"PheWAS: demonstrating the feasibility of a phenome-wide scan to discover gene-disease associations","volume":"26","author":"JC Denny","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1111\/imm.12195","article-title":"The challenges, advantages and future of phenome-wide association studies","volume":"141","author":"SJ Hebbring","year":"2014","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2749","article-title":"Systematic comparison of phenome-wide association study of electronic medical record data and genome-wide association study data","volume":"31","author":"JC Denny","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2013.2","article-title":"A PheWAS approach in studying HLA-DRB1*1501","volume":"14","author":"SJ Hebbring","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1136\/amiajnl-2011-000439","article-title":"Use of diverse electronic medical record systems to identify genetic risk for type 2 diabetes within a genome-wide association study","volume":"19","author":"AN Kho","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Med Inform Assoc"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.000604","article-title":"Genome- and phenome-wide analyses of cardiac conduction identifies markers of arrhythmia risk","volume":"127","author":"MD Ritchie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-013-1355-7","article-title":"A genome- and phenome-wide association study to identify genetic variants influencing platelet count and volume and their pleiotropic effects","volume":"133","author":"K Shameer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2012.03.014","article-title":"JAK and STAT signaling molecules in immunoregulation and immune-mediated disease","volume":"36","author":"JJ O'Shea","year":"2012","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3214","DOI":"10.2741\/3908","article-title":"Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) in cytokine signalling and host immunity","volume":"16","author":"B Strobl","year":"2011","journal-title":"Front Biosci"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2205","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1004965","article-title":"The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"365","author":"IB McInnes","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awr010","article-title":"Tyrosine kinase 2 variant influences T lymphocyte polarization and multiple sclerosis susceptibility","volume":"134","author":"N Couturier","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2335","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1203118","article-title":"Two rare disease-associated tyk2 variants are catalytically impaired but signaling competent","volume":"190","author":"Z Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002341","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002341","article-title":"Association of NCF2, IKZF1, IRF8, IFIH1, and TYK2 with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"7","author":"Graham DS Cunninghame","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.717","article-title":"Genome-wide meta-analysis increases to 71 the number of confirmed Crohn&apos;s disease susceptibility loci","volume":"42","author":"A Franke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.081160","article-title":"Evidence for genetic association and interaction between the TYK2 and IRF5 genes in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"36","author":"A Hellquist","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11582","article-title":"Host-microbe interactions have shaped the genetic architecture of inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"491","author":"L Jostins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2009.195","article-title":"A rare variant of the TYK2 gene is confirmed to be associated with multiple sclerosis","volume":"18","author":"IL Mero","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1086\/428480","article-title":"Polymorphisms in the tyrosine kinase 2 and interferon regulatory factor 5 genes are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"76","author":"S Sigurdsson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2467","article-title":"Identification of 15 new psoriasis susceptibility loci highlights the role of innate immunity","volume":"44","author":"LC Tsoi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.493","article-title":"The imprinted DLK1-MEG3 gene region on chromosome 14q32.2 alters susceptibility to type 1 diabetes","volume":"42","author":"C Wallace","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth0410-248","article-title":"A method and server for predicting damaging missense mutations","volume":"7","author":"IA Adzhubei","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Methods"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2009.86","article-title":"Predicting the effects of coding non-synonymous variants on protein function using the SIFT algorithm","volume":"4","author":"P Kumar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxs014","article-title":"Optimal tests for rare variant effects in sequencing association studies","volume":"13","author":"S Lee","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biostatistics"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1000384","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1000384","article-title":"A groupwise association test for rare mutations using a weighted sum statistic","volume":"5","author":"BE Madsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2010.04.005","article-title":"Pooled association tests for rare variants in exon-resequencing studies","volume":"86","author":"AL Price","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20184","article-title":"Electronic medical records for discovery research in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"62","author":"KP Liao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken)"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2008.89","article-title":"Development of a large-scale de-identified DNA biobank to enable personalized medicine","volume":"84","author":"DM Roden","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2012.01.056","article-title":"A patient with tyrosine kinase 2 deficiency without hyper-IgE syndrome","volume":"160","author":"SS Kilic","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2006.09.009","article-title":"Human tyrosine kinase 2 deficiency reveals its requisite roles in multiple cytokine signals involved in innate and acquired immunity","volume":"25","author":"Y Minegishi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.146365","article-title":"The comparative risk of serious infections among rheumatoid arthritis patients starting or switching biological agents","volume":"70","author":"JR Curtis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2008.06.006","article-title":"Administrative codes combined with medical records based criteria accurately identified bacterial infections among rheumatoid arthritis patients","volume":"62","author":"NM Patkar","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0113-3","article-title":"Pfizer&apos;s first-in-class JAK inhibitor pricey for rheumatoid arthritis market","volume":"31","author":"K Garber","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1002\/art.33419","article-title":"A phase IIb dose-ranging study of the oral JAK inhibitor tofacitinib (CP-690,550) versus placebo in combination with background methotrexate in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis and an inadequate response to methotrexate alone","volume":"64","author":"JM Kremer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.269","article-title":"Loci influencing lipid levels and coronary heart disease risk in 16 European population cohorts","volume":"41","author":"YS Aulchenko","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-011-1103-9","article-title":"Genetic variants associated with the white blood cell count in 13,923 subjects in the eMERGE Network","volume":"131","author":"DR Crosslin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.291","article-title":"Common variants at 30 loci contribute to polygenic dyslipidemia","volume":"41","author":"S Kathiresan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002113","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1002113","article-title":"Multiple loci are associated with white blood cell phenotypes","volume":"7","author":"MA Nalls","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2264","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.109.201020","article-title":"Genetic variants influencing circulating lipid levels and risk of coronary artery disease","volume":"30","author":"DM Waterworth","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e3283295fec","article-title":"Clinical value of blocking IL-6 receptor","volume":"21","author":"T Mima","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2151","article-title":"Use of genome-wide association studies for drug repositioning","volume":"30","author":"P Sanseau","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60110-X","article-title":"The interleukin-6 receptor as a target for prevention of coronary heart disease: a mendelian randomisation analysis","volume":"379","author":"AD Hingorani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt0611-467","article-title":"Pfizer&apos;s JAK inhibitor sails through phase 3 in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"29","author":"K Garber","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6807-12-22","article-title":"Enabling structure-based drug design of Tyk2 through co-crystallization with a stabilizing aminoindazole inhibitor","volume":"12","author":"MA Argiriadi","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Struct Biol"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"904","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1847","article-title":"Principal components analysis corrects for stratification in genome-wide association studies","volume":"38","author":"AL Price","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1086\/521987","article-title":"Rapid and accurate haplotype phasing and missing-data inference for whole-genome association studies by use of localized haplotype clustering","volume":"81","author":"SR Browning","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1086\/519795","article-title":"PLINK: a tool set for whole-genome association and population-based linkage analyses","volume":"81","author":"S Purcell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.072447","article-title":"The efficacy of anti-TNF in rheumatoid arthritis, a comparison between randomised controlled trials and clinical practice","volume":"66","author":"W Kievit","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1790110102","article-title":"The North American Rheumatoid Arthritis Consortium\u2014bringing genetic analysis to bear on disease susceptibility, severity, and outcome","volume":"11","author":"PK Gregersen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"key":"ref71","first-page":"S146","article-title":"Databases of patients with early rheumatoid arthritis in the USA","volume":"21","author":"T Sokka","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keq232","article-title":"Associations of disease activity and treatments with mortality in men with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the VARA registry","volume":"50","author":"TR Mikuls","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203309105529","article-title":"Longitudinal expression of type I interferon responsive genes in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"18","author":"M Petri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1086\/429096","article-title":"Analysis of families in the multiple autoimmune disease genetics consortium (MADGC) collection: the PTPN22 620W allele associates with multiple autoimmune phenotypes","volume":"76","author":"LA Criswell","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2014.03.008","article-title":"Two functional lupus-associated BLK promoter variants control cell-type- and developmental-stage-specific transcription","volume":"94","author":"JM Guthridge","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2439","article-title":"CSK regulatory polymorphism is associated with systemic lupus erythematosus and influences B-cell signaling and activation","volume":"44","author":"N Manjarrez-Orduno","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1038\/gene.2014.6","article-title":"MHC associations with clinical and autoantibody manifestations in European SLE","volume":"15","author":"DL Morris","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genes Immun"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E79","DOI":"10.1097\/mib.0b013e318280e790","article-title":"Haplotype-tagging analysis of common variants of the IL23R gene demonstrates gene-wide extent of association with IBD","volume":"19","author":"J Van Limbergen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1891","DOI":"10.1038\/ajg.2013.354","article-title":"EMerging BiomARKers in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (EMBARK) study identifies fecal calprotectin, serum MMP9, and serum IL-22 as a novel combination of biomarkers for Crohn&apos;s disease activity: role of cross-sectional imaging","volume":"108","author":"WA Faubion Jr.","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14747","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0706645104","article-title":"Genome-wide association study for Crohn&apos;s disease in the Quebec Founder Population identifies multiple validated disease loci","volume":"104","author":"JV Raelson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/164.4.1567","article-title":"Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data: linked loci and correlated allele frequencies","volume":"164","author":"D Falush","year":"2003","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.2119\/2008-00056.Liu","article-title":"Genome-wide association scan identifies candidate polymorphisms associated with differential response to anti-TNF treatment in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"14","author":"C Liu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mol Med"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1002\/art.30130","article-title":"Genome-wide association study of genetic predictors of anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment efficacy in rheumatoid arthritis identifies associations with polymorphisms at seven loci","volume":"63","author":"D Plant","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2005.07.006","article-title":"The CORRONA database","volume":"5","author":"JM Kremer","year":"2006","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e278","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0040278","article-title":"A candidate gene approach identifies the TRAF1\/C5 region as a risk factor for rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"4","author":"FA Kurreeman","year":"2007","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2007.074104","article-title":"A single tumour necrosis factor haplotype influences the response to adalimumab in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"67","author":"C Miceli-Richard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref87","first-page":"45","article-title":"Reuma.pt\u2014the rheumatic diseases portuguese register","volume":"36","author":"H Canhao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Acta Reumatol Port"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp324","article-title":"Fast and accurate short read alignment with Burrows-Wheeler transform","volume":"25","author":"H Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2078","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp352","article-title":"The Sequence Alignment\/Map format and SAMtools","volume":"25","author":"H Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.129684.111","article-title":"VarScan 2: somatic mutation and copy number alteration discovery in cancer by exome sequencing","volume":"22","author":"DC Koboldt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e164","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkq603","article-title":"ANNOVAR: functional annotation of genetic variants from high-throughput sequencing data","volume":"38","author":"K Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nucleic acids research"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2010.12.007","article-title":"Genetic basis of autoantibody positive and negative rheumatoid arthritis risk in a multi-ethnic cohort derived from electronic health records","volume":"88","author":"F Kurreeman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2012-203202","article-title":"Association between low density lipoprotein and rheumatoid arthritis genetic factors with low density lipoprotein levels in rheumatoid arthritis and non-rheumatoid arthritis controls","volume":"73","author":"KP Liao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.13260","article-title":"Trends in lipids and lipoproteins in US adults, 1988\u20132010","volume":"308","author":"MD Carroll","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/19.1.149","article-title":"Genetic Power Calculator: design of linkage and association genetic mapping studies of complex traits","volume":"19","author":"S Purcell","year":"2003","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0122271","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,4]],"date-time":"2022-05-04T14:48:33Z","timestamp":1651675713000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0122271"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"John A","family":"Chiorini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,7]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,7]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0122271","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,7]]}}}