{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T21:01:46Z","timestamp":1771621306628,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,21]],"date-time":"2017-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1511222400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,21]],"date-time":"2017-11-21T18:34:26Z","timestamp":1511289266000},"page":"e0188463","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Vision in high-level football officials"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7304-8756","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Ant\u00f3nio Manuel Gon\u00e7alves","family":"Baptista","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro M.","family":"Serra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Colm","family":"McAlinden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Brendan T.","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","unstructured":"UEFA. Financial report 2012\/13\u2014XXXVIII Ordinary UEFA Congress. Geneve: UEFA; 2014."},{"key":"ref2","unstructured":"FIFA. Laws of the game 2014\/15. Zurich, Switzerland: F\u00e9d\u00e9ration Internationale de Football Association; 2014."},{"issue":"2","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1080\/02640410310001641502","article-title":"Physical and perceptual-cognitive demands of top-class refereeing in association football","volume":"22","author":"W Helsen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Journal of sports sciences"},{"key":"ref4","unstructured":"FIFA. Laws of the game 2016\/17. Zurich: FIFA; 2016."},{"key":"ref5","first-page":"22","article-title":"Sports Vision","author":"JJ Gardner","year":"1995"},{"key":"ref6","first-page":"8","article-title":"Sports vision: vision care for the enhancement of sports performance","author":"GB Erickson","year":"2007"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0b013e3182126a08","article-title":"The role of sports vision in eye care today","volume":"37","author":"DG Kirschen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eye & contact lens"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.2478\/v10078-009-0018-1","article-title":"The difference in visual skills between expert versus novice soccer referees","volume":"22","author":"A Ghasemi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Human Kinetics"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.2466\/05.22.24.27.PMS.112.1.161-171","article-title":"Visual skills involved in decision making by expert referees","volume":"112","author":"A Ghasemi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Perceptual and Motor Skills"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref10","first-page":"12","article-title":"Visual search behaviors of association football referees during assessment of foul play situations","volume":"1","author":"J Spitz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cognitive research: principles and implications"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0b013e318217cc09","article-title":"The relationship of vision and skilled movement-a general review using cricket batting","volume":"37","author":"P Elmurr","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eye & contact lens"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5537","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-5341","article-title":"The development of an instrument to measure quality of vision: the Quality of Vision (QoV) questionnaire","volume":"51","author":"C McAlinden","year":"2010","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1856","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.122.12.1856","article-title":"Patients&apos; perceptions of the value of current vision: assessment of preference values among patients with subfoveal choroidal neovascularization- The Submacular Surgery Trials Vision Preference Value Scale: SST Report No. 6","volume":"122","author":"EB Bass","year":"2004","journal-title":"Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill: 1960)"},{"key":"ref14","unstructured":"DRP. Exame m\u00e9dico desportivo (Despacho n\u00ba 25 357\/2006). Di\u00e1rio da R\u00e9publica; 2006."},{"issue":"8","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0000000000000001","article-title":"Quality assessment of ophthalmic questionnaires: review and recommendations","volume":"90","author":"J Khadka","year":"2013","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.3928\/1081597X-20120501-06","article-title":"Subjective quality of vision","volume":"28","author":"C McAlinden","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Refract Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2012.03.035","article-title":"Pupil size and LASIK","volume":"119","author":"C McAlinden","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1001\/archophthalmol.2012.1603","article-title":"Subjective quality of vision before and after cataract surgery","volume":"130","author":"E Skiadaresi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Archives of ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill: 1960)"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2012.11.005","article-title":"Objective assessment of crystalline lens opacity level by measuring ocular light scattering with a double-pass system","volume":"155","author":"F Cabot","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2017.03.033","article-title":"Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Assess the Neurobehavioral Impact of Dysphotopsia with Multifocal Intraocular Lenses","volume":"124","author":"AM Rosa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-197611000-00006","article-title":"New design principles for visual acuity letter charts","volume":"53","author":"IL Bailey","year":"1976","journal-title":"Am J Optom Physiol Opt"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"32","article-title":"Clinical procedures in primary eye care","author":"DB Elliott","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"217","article-title":"Borish&apos;s clinical refraction","author":"IL Bailey","year":"2006"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref24","first-page":"422","article-title":"Clinical grading and the effects of scaling","volume":"32","author":"IL Bailey","year":"1991","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref25","first-page":"120","article-title":"On the statistical reliability of letter-chart visual acuity measurements","volume":"34","author":"A Arditi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref26","article-title":"Borish&apos;s clinical refraction","author":"DB Elliott","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"Clinical procedures in primary eye care","author":"BT Barrett","year":"2014"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1080\/09273972.2016.1242636","article-title":"Normative Values for Near and Distance Clinical Tests of Stereoacuity","volume":"24","author":"ME Piano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Strabismus"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wobbrock JO, Findlater L, Gergle D, Higgins JJ, editors. The aligned rank transform for nonparametric factorial analyses using only anova procedures. Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on human factors in computing systems; 2011: ACM.","DOI":"10.1145\/1978942.1978963"},{"key":"ref30","unstructured":"Wobbrock JO, Findlater L, Gergle D, Higgins JJ, Kay M. ARTool. 1.6.2 ed2017."},{"key":"ref31","unstructured":"PORTADA. Praticantes desportivos federados: total e por algumas federa\u00e7\u00f5es desportivas\u2014Portugal. 2016."},{"key":"ref32","article-title":"Competi\u00e7\u00e3o fora das 4 linhas; reflex\u00e3o estrat\u00e9gica sobre a sustentabilidade do futebol profissional em Portugal","year":"2011"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0b013e31820c5002","article-title":"The visual function of olympic-level athletes-an initial report","volume":"37","author":"DM Laby","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eye & contact lens"},{"key":"ref34","article-title":"ECOS dos sentidos: sa\u00fade da vis\u00e3o, em Portugal continental","author":"MJ Branco","year":"2006"},{"key":"ref35","unstructured":"MarketProbe. Vision needs monitor. 2015."},{"issue":"10","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-198710000-00006","article-title":"Adult age differences in visual acuity, stereopsis, and contrast sensitivity","volume":"64","author":"HA Greene","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Optom Physiol Opt"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref37","first-page":"32","article-title":"Optometric evaluation of the elite athlete","volume":"2","author":"B Coffey","year":"1990","journal-title":"Problems in Optometry"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199503000-00006","article-title":"Visual acuity changes throughout adulthood in normal, healthy eyes: seeing beyond 6\/6","volume":"72","author":"DB Elliott","year":"1995","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2005.00516.x","article-title":"Normal visual acuity in 17\u201318 year olds","volume":"83","author":"J Ohlsson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.1990.tb01100.x","article-title":"The reliability of the Pelli-Robson contrast sensitivity chart","volume":"10","author":"DB Elliott","year":"1990","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2739","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-1419","article-title":"The letter contrast sensitivity test: clinical evaluation of a new design","volume":"47","author":"SA Haymes","year":"2006","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"ref42","first-page":"207","article-title":"The Pelli-Robson letter chart: Normative data for young adults","volume":"8","author":"RW Beck","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Vision Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.077719","article-title":"Effect of age on adult stereoacuity as measured by different types of stereotest","volume":"90","author":"L Garnham","year":"2006","journal-title":"The British journal of ophthalmology"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-198508000-00003","article-title":"Stereoscopic threshold in children and adults","volume":"62","author":"G Heron","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am J Optom Physiol Opt"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.1989.tb00829.x","article-title":"Binocular vision, age and symptoms","volume":"9","author":"AA Yekta","year":"1989","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"key":"ref46","article-title":"Clinical management of binocular vision: heterophoric, accommodative, and eye movement disorders","author":"M Scheiman","year":"2008"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref47","first-page":"31","article-title":"A review of the literature and a normative study of accommodative facility","volume":"55","author":"JA Zellers","year":"1984","journal-title":"Journal of the American Optometric Association"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199810000-00018","article-title":"Vergence facility: establishing clinical utility","volume":"75","author":"R Gall","year":"1998","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2009.251","article-title":"Colour vision deficiency","volume":"24","author":"MP Simunovic","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eye (London, England)"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5685","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-67951","article-title":"Subscale assessment of the NEI-RQL-42 questionnaire with Rasch analysis","volume":"52","author":"C McAlinden","year":"2011","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4042","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.12-9728","article-title":"The importance of rating scale design in the measurement of patient-reported outcomes using questionnaires or item banks","volume":"53","author":"J Khadka","year":"2012","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2010.10.061","article-title":"Quality of vision after myopic and hyperopic laser-assisted subepithelial keratectomy","volume":"37","author":"C McAlinden","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrs.2015.06.029","article-title":"Precision (repeatability and reproducibility) studies and sample-size calculation","volume":"41","author":"C McAlinden","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cataract Refract Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2011.00851.x","article-title":"Statistical methods for conducting agreement (comparison of clinical tests) and precision (repeatability or reproducibility) studies in optometry and ophthalmology","volume":"31","author":"C McAlinden","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3182993856","article-title":"The Quality of Vision questionnaire: subscale interchangeability","volume":"90","author":"C McAlinden","year":"2013","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5412","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-1564","article-title":"Contrast acuity in cataracts of different morphology and association to self-reported visual function","volume":"47","author":"E Stifter","year":"2006","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"issue":"Pt 5","key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.1990.100","article-title":"Comparing clinical tests of visual function in cataract with the patient&apos;s perceived visual disability","volume":"4","author":"DB Elliott","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eye (London, England)"},{"key":"ref58","article-title":"Effect of retinal defocus on basketball free throw shooting performance","author":"RC Bulson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Exp Optom"},{"issue":"24","key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3186","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-200012150-00014","article-title":"Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures","volume":"25","author":"DE Beaton","year":"2000","journal-title":"Spine"},{"issue":"13","key":"ref60","first-page":"5606","article-title":"A novel way to assess visual performance in elite athletes","volume":"55","author":"D Kirschen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Invest Ophth Vis Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2380","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0002380","article-title":"Enhanced temporal but not attentional processing in expert tennis players","volume":"3","author":"LS Overney","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2406","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000000550","article-title":"Visual tracking speed is related to basketball-specific measures of performance in NBA players","volume":"28","author":"GT Mangine","year":"2014","journal-title":"The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref63","first-page":"624","article-title":"The impact of a sports vision training program in youth field hockey players","volume":"11","author":"S Schwab","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of sports science & medicine"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0188463","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,28]],"date-time":"2024-06-28T21:04:20Z","timestamp":1719608660000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0188463"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Benjamin","family":"Thompson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,21]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0188463","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,11,21]]}}}