{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,23]],"date-time":"2025-10-23T05:07:23Z","timestamp":1761196043385,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,21]],"date-time":"2018-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1529539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Horizon 2020 Twinn Programme","award":["692331"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["692331"]}]},{"name":"FCT - Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["BPD\/75425\/2010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BPD\/75425\/2010"]}]},{"name":"FCT - Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia","award":["BPD\/85419\/2012"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BPD\/85419\/2012"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0198955","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,21]],"date-time":"2018-06-21T17:36:00Z","timestamp":1529602560000},"page":"e0198955","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Mapping Portuguese Natura 2000 sites in risk of biodiversity change caused by atmospheric nitrogen pollution"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5571-9619","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pedro","family":"Pinho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Dias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia M. d. S.","family":"Cordovil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ulrike","family":"Dragosits","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nancy B.","family":"Dise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mark A.","family":"Sutton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Branquinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1038\/ngeo325","article-title":"How a century of ammonia synthesis changed the world","volume":"1","author":"JW Erisman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nature Geoscience"},{"issue":"7263","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1038\/461472a","article-title":"A safe operating space for humanity","volume":"461","author":"J Rockstrom","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"year":"2011","author":"MA Sutton","key":"ref3"},{"issue":"1621","key":"ref4","article-title":"The global nitrogen cycle in the twenty-first century","volume":"368","author":"D Fowler","year":"2013","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4921","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-9-4921-2012","article-title":"Governing processes for reactive nitrogen compounds in the European atmosphere","volume":"9","author":"O Hertel","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"issue":"6111","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1226514","article-title":"From acid rain to climate change","volume":"338","author":"S Reis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref7","unstructured":"FAO FaAO. FAOSTAT\u2014Food and Agriculture Data. na."},{"key":"ref8","unstructured":"Comission E. Directive 2016\/2284 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 December 2016 on the reduction of national emissions of certain atmospheric pollutants, amending Directive 2003\/35\/EC and repealing Directive 2001\/81\/EC. 2016."},{"issue":"4","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1007\/s10584-013-0834-0","article-title":"Estimating environmentally relevant fixed nitrogen demand in the 21st century","volume":"120","author":"W Winiwarter","year":"2013","journal-title":"Climatic Change"},{"issue":"1621","key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2013.0166","article-title":"Towards a climate-dependent paradigm of ammonia emission and deposition","volume":"368","author":"MA Sutton","year":"2013","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1890\/08-1140.1","article-title":"Global assessment of nitrogen deposition effects on terrestrial plant diversity: a synthesis","volume":"20","author":"R Bobbink","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ecological Applications"},{"issue":"6","key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1078\/0176-1617-0774","article-title":"NH4+ toxicity in higher plants: a critical review","volume":"159","author":"DT Britto","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Plant Physiology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-015-2552-z","article-title":"Plant tolerance of ammonium varies between co-existing Mediterranean species","volume":"395","author":"T Dias","year":"2015","journal-title":"Plant and Soil"},{"issue":"1\u20134","key":"ref14","first-page":"129","article-title":"Mycorrhizal symbiosis and bioavailability of micronutrients in maize grain","volume":"57","author":"N Balakrishnan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Maydica"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2664.2011.02033.x","article-title":"Using lichen functional diversity to assess the effects of atmospheric ammonia in Mediterranean woodlands","volume":"48","author":"P Pinho","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Ecology"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092517","article-title":"Ammonium as a Driving Force of Plant Diversity and Ecosystem Functioning: Observations Based on 5 Years&apos; Manipulation of N Dose and Form in a Mediterranean Ecosystem","volume":"9","author":"T Dias","year":"2014","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/0269-7491(94)90008-6","article-title":"Effects of atmospheric ammonia on vegetation\u2014a review","volume":"86","author":"A Fangmeier","year":"1994","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"key":"ref18","first-page":"109","article-title":"Atmospheric Ammonia","author":"P Pinho","year":"2009"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-9-1205-2012","article-title":"Critical loads of nitrogen deposition and critical levels of atmospheric ammonia for semi-natural Mediterranean evergreen woodlands","volume":"9","author":"P Pinho","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s00425-010-1300-0","article-title":"Do lichens have &quot;memory&quot; of their native nitrogen environment?","volume":"233","author":"S Munzi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Planta"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1093\/treephys\/tpt077","article-title":"Photosynthesis of Quercus suber is affected by atmospheric NH3 generated by multifunctional agrosystems","volume":"33","author":"M Pint\u00f3-Marijuan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Tree Physiology"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2014.01.024","article-title":"Tools for determining critical levels of atmospheric ammonia under the influence of multiple disturbances","volume":"188","author":"P Pinho","year":"2014","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8137.2004.01159.x","article-title":"A meta-analysis of mycorrhizal responses to nitrogen, phosphorus, and atmospheric CO2 in field studies","volume":"164","author":"KK Treseder","year":"2004","journal-title":"New Phytologist"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3049","DOI":"10.1890\/10-2341.1","article-title":"Effects of nitrogen deposition and empirical nitrogen critical loads for ecoregions of the United States","volume":"21","author":"LH Pardo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ecological Applications"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s00374-013-0838-y","article-title":"Simulated nitrogen deposition affects soil fauna from a semiarid Mediterranean ecosystem in central Spain","volume":"50","author":"R Ochoa-Hueso","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biology and Fertility of Soils"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1890\/100084","article-title":"Mediterranean cork oak savannas require human use to sustain biodiversity and ecosystem services","volume":"9","author":"MN Bugalho","year":"2011","journal-title":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2012.06.013","article-title":"Relationship between critical load exceedances and empirical impact indicators at Integrated Monitoring sites across Europe","volume":"24","author":"M Holmberg","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ecological Indicators"},{"issue":"5459","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5459.1770","article-title":"Biodiversity\u2014Global biodiversity scenarios for the year 2100","volume":"287","author":"OE Sala","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7","key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6392","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006392","article-title":"Climate change, habitat loss, protected areas and the climate adaptation potential of species in Mediterranean ecosystems worldwide","volume":"4","author":"KR Klausmeyer","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2486.2006.01104.x","article-title":"Atmospheric nitrogen deposition in world biodiversity hotspots: the need for a greater global perspective in assessing N deposition impacts","volume":"12","author":"GK Phoenix","year":"2006","journal-title":"Global Change Biology"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2010.12.019","article-title":"Nitrogen deposition effects on Mediterranean-type ecosystems: An ecological assessment","volume":"159","author":"R Ochoa-Hueso","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2017.04.062","article-title":"Ecological impacts of atmospheric pollution and interactions with climate change in terrestrial ecosystems of the Mediterranean Basin: current research and future directions","volume":"227","author":"R Ochoa-Hueso","year":"2017","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/hdy.2010.152","article-title":"Applications of next generation sequencing in molecular ecology of non-model organisms","volume":"107","author":"R Ekblom","year":"2011","journal-title":"Heredity"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nilsson J, Grennfelt P. Critical loads for sulphur and nitrogen. Sweden: 1988.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-009-4003-1_11"},{"year":"2011","author":"R Bobbink","key":"ref35"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1214299109","article-title":"Impact of nitrogen deposition at the species level","volume":"110","author":"RJ Payne","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2010.10.036","article-title":"N deposition as a threat to the World&apos;s protected areas under the Convention on Biological Diversity","volume":"159","author":"A Bleeker","year":"2011","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"year":"2010","author":"J. M Samways","key":"ref38"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s11104-010-0628-3","article-title":"Linking N-driven biodiversity changes with soil N availability in a Mediterranean ecosystem","volume":"341","author":"T Dias","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plant and Soil"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.5194\/bg-9-193-2012","article-title":"The strength of the biotic compartment in retaining nitrogen additions prevents nitrogen losses from a Mediterranean maquis","volume":"9","author":"T Dias","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biogeosciences"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.soilbio.2012.10.027","article-title":"N-driven changes in a plant community affect leaf-litter traits and may delay organic matter decomposition in a Mediterranean maquis","volume":"58","author":"T Dias","year":"2013","journal-title":"Soil Biology & Biochemistry"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecolind.2011.09.022","article-title":"Lichen functional groups as ecological indicators of the effects of land-use in Mediterranean ecosystems","volume":"15","author":"P Pinho","year":"2012","journal-title":"Ecological Indicators"},{"article-title":"The European Nitrogen Assessment Sources, effects and policy perspectives","year":"2011","author":"NB Dise","key":"ref43"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1002\/fee.1528","article-title":"Nitrogen deposition and plant biodiversity: past, present, and future","volume":"15","author":"RJ Payne","year":"2017","journal-title":"Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envsci.2006.07.002","article-title":"The potential for spatial planning at the landscape level to mitigate the effects of atmospheric ammonia deposition","volume":"9","author":"U Dragosits","year":"2006","journal-title":"Environmental Science & Policy"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/S0269-7491(98)80054-7","article-title":"Dispersion, deposition and impacts of atmospheric ammonia: quantifying local budgets and spatial variability","volume":"102","author":"MA Sutton","year":"1998","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2013.04.014","article-title":"Heterogeneity of atmospheric ammonia at the landscape scale and consequences for environmental impact assessment","volume":"179","author":"E Vogt","year":"2013","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"issue":"43","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16970","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0705902104","article-title":"Active root-inhabiting microbes identified by rapid incorporation of plant-derived carbon into RNA","volume":"104","author":"P Vandenkoornhuyse","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America"},{"issue":"9","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1093\/treephys\/tpq048","article-title":"Nutrition of mangroves","volume":"30","author":"R Reef","year":"2010","journal-title":"Tree Physiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5751\/ES-00562-070307","article-title":"Nature vs. nurture: the making of the montado ecosystem","volume":"7","author":"PM Pereira","year":"2003","journal-title":"Conservation Ecology"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1007\/s10021-014-9765-5","article-title":"The Role of Nitrogen Deposition in Widespread Plant Community Change Across Semi-natural Habitats","volume":"17","author":"CD Field","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ecosystems"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01350-5","article-title":"Taxonomic and functional turnover are decoupled in European peat bogs","volume":"8","author":"BJM Robroek","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atmosenv.2016.07.016","article-title":"Vegetation community change points suggest that critical loads of nutrient nitrogen may be too high","volume":"146","author":"K Wilkins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Atmospheric Environment"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2007.10.040","article-title":"Stress responses of Calluna vulgaris to reduced and oxidised N applied under &apos;real world conditions&apos;Stress responses of Calluna vulgaris to reduced and oxidised N applied under &apos;real world conditions&apos;","volume":"154","author":"LJ Sheppard","year":"2008","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2015.09.017","article-title":"Evidence for differential effects of reduced and oxidised nitrogen deposition on vegetation independent of nitrogen load","volume":"208","author":"LJL van den Berg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environmental Pollution"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0029028","article-title":"Automated Discovery of Food Webs from Ecological Data Using Logic-Based Machine Learning","volume":"6","author":"DA Bohan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"issue":"5","key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0060122","article-title":"Resource heterogeneity moderates the biodiversity-function relationship in real world ecosystems","volume":"6","author":"JM Tylianakis","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Biology"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2010.07.034","article-title":"Nitrogen critical loads and management alternatives for N-impacted ecosystems in California","volume":"91","author":"ME Fenn","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of Environmental Management"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0198955","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,26]],"date-time":"2022-08-26T03:45:52Z","timestamp":1661485552000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0198955"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Julian","family":"Aherne","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,21]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0198955","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1932-6203"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,21]]}}}