{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T15:02:59Z","timestamp":1772204579084,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,18]],"date-time":"2018-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1539820800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PD\/BD\/105801\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PD\/BD\/105801\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0205497","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,18]],"date-time":"2018-10-18T13:37:17Z","timestamp":1539869837000},"page":"e0205497","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Graphlet-orbit Transitions (GoT): A fingerprint for temporal network comparison"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8250-041X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David","family":"Apar\u00edcio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,18]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1080\/00018732.2011.572452","article-title":"Analyzing and modeling real-world phenomena with complex networks: a survey of applications","volume":"60","author":"LdF Costa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Advances in Physics"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physrep.2012.03.001","article-title":"Temporal networks","volume":"519","author":"P Holme","year":"2012","journal-title":"Physics reports"},{"issue":"5594","key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1126\/science.298.5594.824","article-title":"Network motifs: simple building blocks of complex networks","volume":"298","author":"R Milo","year":"2002","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btl301","article-title":"Biological network comparison using graphlet degree distribution","volume":"23","author":"N Pr\u017eulj","year":"2007","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"21","key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11980","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2133841100","article-title":"Structure and function of the feed-forward loop network motif","volume":"100","author":"S Mangan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-6-1","article-title":"Structural comparison of metabolic networks in selected single cell organisms","volume":"6","author":"D Zhu","year":"2005","journal-title":"BMC bioinformatics"},{"issue":"5663","key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1089167","article-title":"Superfamilies of evolved and designed networks","volume":"303","author":"R Milo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1721","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu089","article-title":"Dynamic networks reveal key players in aging","volume":"30","author":"FE Faisal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"i171","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btv227","article-title":"Exploring the structure and function of temporal networks with dynamic graphlets","volume":"31","author":"Y Hulovatyy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nicosia V, Tang J, Mascolo C, Musolesi M, Russo G, Latora V. Graph metrics for temporal networks. In: Temporal networks. Springer; 2013. p. 15\u201340.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-36461-7_2"},{"issue":"20","key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11394","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1534710100","article-title":"Conserved pathways within bacteria and yeast as revealed by global protein network alignment","volume":"100","author":"BP Kelley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shah N, Koutra D, Zou T, Gallagher B, Faloutsos C. Timecrunch: Interpretable dynamic graph summarization. In: Proceedings of the 21th ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. ACM; 2015. p. 1055\u20131064.","DOI":"10.1145\/2783258.2783321"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yu W, Aggarwal CC, Wang W. Temporally factorized network modeling for evolutionary network analysis. In: Proceedings of the Tenth ACM International Conference on Web Search and Data Mining. ACM; 2017. p. 455\u2013464.","DOI":"10.1145\/3018661.3018669"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adhikari B, Zhang Y, Bharadwaj A, Prakash BA. Condensing temporal networks using propagation. In: Proceedings of the 2017 SIAM International Conference on Data Mining. SIAM; 2017. p. 417\u2013425.","DOI":"10.1137\/1.9781611974973.47"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cook SA. The complexity of theorem-proving procedures. In: Proceedings of the third annual ACM symposium on Theory of computing. ACM; 1971. p. 151\u2013158.","DOI":"10.1145\/800157.805047"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choobdar S, Ribeiro P, Bugla S, Silva F. Comparison of co-authorship networks across scientific fields using motifs. In: Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM), 2012 IEEE\/ACM International Conference on. IEEE; 2012. p. 147\u2013152.","DOI":"10.1109\/ASONAM.2012.34"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wu G, Harrigan M, Cunningham P. Classifying Wikipedia articles using network motif counts and ratios. In: Proceedings of the Eighth Annual International Symposium on Wikis and Open Collaboration. ACM; 2012. p. 12.","DOI":"10.1145\/2462932.2462948"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Buriol LS, Frahling G, Leonardi S, Marchetti-Spaccamela A, Sohler C. Counting triangles in data streams. In: Proceedings of the twenty-fifth ACM SIGMOD-SIGACT-SIGART symposium on Principles of database systems. ACM; 2006. p. 253\u2013262.","DOI":"10.1145\/1142351.1142388"},{"issue":"14","key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.14778\/2556549.2556569","article-title":"Counting and sampling triangles from a graph stream","volume":"6","author":"A Pavan","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment"},{"key":"ref20","unstructured":"Finocchi I, Finocchi M, Fusco EG. Counting small cliques in mapreduce; 2014."},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aliakbarpour M, Biswas AS, Gouleakis T, Peebles J, Rubinfeld R, Yodpinyanee A. Sublinear-time algorithms for counting star subgraphs with applications to join selectivity estimation. arXiv preprint arXiv:160104233. 2016;.","DOI":"10.1007\/s00453-017-0287-3"},{"issue":"11","key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"P11005","DOI":"10.1088\/1742-5468\/2011\/11\/P11005","article-title":"Temporal motifs in time-dependent networks","volume":"2011","author":"L Kovanen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment"},{"issue":"10","key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0163497","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163497","article-title":"Graphlet Based Metrics for the Comparison of Gene Regulatory Networks","volume":"11","author":"AJ Martin","year":"2016","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doroud M, Bhattacharyya P, Wu SF, Felmlee D; IEEE. The evolution of ego-centric triads: A microscopic approach toward predicting macroscopic network properties. 2011; p. 172\u2013179.","DOI":"10.1109\/PASSAT\/SocialCom.2011.101"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-0509-6-31","article-title":"Spatiotemporal network motif reveals the biological traits of developmental gene regulatory networks in Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"6","author":"MS Kim","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC systems biology"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jin R, McCallen S, Almaas E. Trend motif: A graph mining approach for analysis of dynamic complex networks. In: Seventh IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM 2007). IEEE; 2007. p. 541\u2013546.","DOI":"10.1109\/ICDM.2007.92"},{"key":"ref27","article-title":"The graph isomorphism problem: its structural complexity","author":"J Kobler","year":"2012"},{"issue":"0","key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsc.2013.09.003","article-title":"Practical graph isomorphism","volume":"60","author":"B McKay","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of Symbolic Computation"},{"key":"ref29","article-title":"Social network analysis: Methods and applications","volume":"vol. 8","author":"S Wasserman","year":"1994"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aparicio D, Ribeiro P, Silva F. Extending the Applicability of Graphlets to Directed Networks. IEEE\/ACM Transactions of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics. 2016;PP.","DOI":"10.1109\/TCBB.2016.2586046"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-9-70","article-title":"GraphCrunch: a tool for large network analyses","volume":"9","author":"T Milenkovi\u0107","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMC bioinformatics"},{"issue":"4","key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btt717","article-title":"A combinatorial approach to graphlet counting","volume":"30","author":"T Ho\u010devar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"2","key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1007\/s10618-013-0303-4","article-title":"G-Tries: a data structure for storing and finding subgraphs","volume":"28","author":"P Ribeiro","year":"2014","journal-title":"Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery"},{"issue":"17-61","key":"ref34","first-page":"43","article-title":"On the evolution of random graphs","volume":"5","author":"P Erd\u00f6s","year":"1960","journal-title":"Publ Math Inst Hung Acad Sci"},{"issue":"5439","key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5439.509","article-title":"Emergence of scaling in random networks","volume":"286","author":"AL Barab\u00e1si","year":"1999","journal-title":"science"},{"issue":"6684","key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1038\/30918","article-title":"Collective dynamics of small-world networks","volume":"393","author":"DJ Watts","year":"1998","journal-title":"nature"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Leskovec J, Backstrom L, Kumar R, Tomkins A. Microscopic evolution of social networks. In: Proceedings of the 14th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining. ACM; 2008. p. 462\u2013470.","DOI":"10.1145\/1401890.1401948"},{"issue":"12","key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physleta.2009.02.004","article-title":"Evolution of a large online social network","volume":"373","author":"H Hu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Physics Letters A"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paredes P, Ribeiro P. Towards a faster network-centric subgraph census. In: Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (ASONAM), 2013 IEEE\/ACM International Conference on. IEEE; 2013. p. 264\u2013271.","DOI":"10.1145\/2492517.2492535"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ribeiro P, Silva F. Efficient subgraph frequency estimation with g-tries. In: International Workshop on Algorithms in Bioinformatics. Springer; 2010. p. 238\u2013249.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-15294-8_20"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Apar\u00edcio DO, Ribeiro PMP, da Silva FMA. Parallel subgraph counting for multicore architectures. In: Parallel and Distributed Processing with Applications (ISPA), 2014 IEEE International Symposium on. IEEE; 2014. p. 34\u201341.","DOI":"10.1109\/ISPA.2014.14"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pinar A, Seshadhri C, Vishal V. Escape: Efficiently counting all 5-vertex subgraphs. In: Proceedings of the 26th International Conference on World Wide Web. International World Wide Web Conferences Steering Committee; 2017. p. 1431\u20131440.","DOI":"10.1145\/3038912.3052597"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1145\/1217299.1217301","article-title":"Graph evolution: Densification and shrinking diameters","volume":"1","author":"J Leskovec","year":"2007","journal-title":"ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data (TKDD)"},{"key":"ref44","unstructured":"Risdal M. Minneapolis Incidents &amp; Crime; 2018. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.kaggle.com\/mrisdal\/minneapolis-incidents-crime\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/www.kaggle.com\/mrisdal\/minneapolis-incidents-crime<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref45","unstructured":"Chirico M. Phildelphia Crime Data; 2018. <ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/www.kaggle.com\/mchirico\/philadelphiacrimedata\" xlink:type=\"simple\">https:\/\/www.kaggle.com\/mchirico\/philadelphiacrimedata<\/ext-link>."},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Michalski R, Palus S, Kazienko P. Matching Organizational Structure and Social Network Extracted from Email Communication. In: Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing. vol. 87. Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2011. p. 197\u2013206.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-21863-7_17"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1080\/15427951.2009.10129177","article-title":"Community structure in large networks: Natural cluster sizes and the absence of large well-defined clusters","volume":"6","author":"J Leskovec","year":"2009","journal-title":"Internet Mathematics"},{"issue":"1","key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2010.11.033","article-title":"What\u2019s in a crowd? Analysis of face-to-face behavioral networks","volume":"271","author":"L Isella","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of theoretical biology"},{"issue":"8","key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e23176","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0023176","article-title":"High-resolution measurements of face-to-face contact patterns in a primary school","volume":"6","author":"J Stehl\u00e9","year":"2011","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"3","key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1017\/nws.2015.10","article-title":"Data on face-to-face contacts in an office building suggest a low-cost vaccination strategy based on community linkers","volume":"3","author":"M G\u00e9nois","year":"2015","journal-title":"Network Science"},{"issue":"13","key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5706","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0914080107","article-title":"Information dynamics shape the sexual networks of Internet-mediated prostitution","volume":"107","author":"LE Rocha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Choudhury MD, Lin YR, Sundaram H, Candan KS, Xie L, Kelliher A. How Does the Data Sampling Strategy Impact the Discovery of Information Diffusion in Social Media? In: ICWSM; 2010. p. 34\u201341.","DOI":"10.1609\/icwsm.v4i1.14024"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Viswanath B, Mislove A, Cha M, Gummadi KP. On the Evolution of User Interaction in Facebook. In: Proc. Workshop on Online Social Networks; 2009. p. 37\u201342.","DOI":"10.1145\/1592665.1592675"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0205497","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T00:14:15Z","timestamp":1693959255000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0205497"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Gareth J.","family":"Baxter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,18]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,18]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0205497","relation":{"is-supplemented-by":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.17504\/protocols.io.tcqeivw","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1932-6203","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,10,18]]}}}