{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,8]],"date-time":"2025-11-08T13:10:54Z","timestamp":1762607454813,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]],"date-time":"2019-02-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PTDC\/EPH-ARQ\/4164\/2014"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PTDC\/EPH-ARQ\/4164\/2014"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IF\/01641\/2013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IF\/01641\/2013"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000275","name":"Leverhulme Trust","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Doctoral Programme"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Doctoral Programme"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000275","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]],"date-time":"2019-02-19T18:47:00Z","timestamp":1550602020000},"page":"e0212311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Rectifying long-standing misconceptions about the \u03c1 statistic for molecular dating"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Vincent","family":"Macaulay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2807-690X","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pedro","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3118-0967","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Martin B.","family":"Richards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]]},"reference":[{"article-title":"Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (ELS)","year":"2014","author":"M Pala","key":"ref1"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1038\/325031a0","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA and human evolution","volume":"325","author":"RL Cann","year":"1987","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.01.037","article-title":"Pleistocene mitochondrial genomes suggest a single major dispersal of non-Africans and a Late Glacial population turnover in Europe","volume":"26","author":"C Posth","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20161976","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2016.1976","article-title":"Reconciling evidence from ancient and contemporary genomes: a major source for the European Neolithic within Mediterranean Europe","volume":"284","author":"JB Pereira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/s12862-017-0936-9","article-title":"A genetic chronology for the Indian Subcontinent points to heavily sex-biased dispersals","volume":"17","author":"M Silva","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Evol Biol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.03.037","article-title":"The combined landscape of Denisovan and Neanderthal ancestry in present-day humans","volume":"26","author":"S Sankararaman","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e80031","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0080031","article-title":"The first modern human dispersals across Africa","volume":"8","author":"T Rito","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref8","first-page":"383","article-title":"Africa from MIS 6\u20132: Population Dynamics and Paleoenvironments","author":"P Soares","year":"2016"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2011.12.010","article-title":"The Arabian cradle: mitochondrial relicts of the first steps along the southern route out of Africa","volume":"90","author":"V Fernandes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10699","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1306043110","article-title":"Genetic and archaeological perspectives on the initial modern human colonization of southern Asia","volume":"110","author":"P Mellars","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msr245","article-title":"The expansion of mtDNA haplogroup L3 within and out of Africa","volume":"29","author":"P Soares","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"983","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9297(07)64211-6","article-title":"mtDNA mutation rates\u2014no need to panic","volume":"61","author":"VA Macaulay","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.105.043901","article-title":"The role of selection in the evolution of human mitochondrial genomes","volume":"172","author":"T Kivisild","year":"2006","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2009.05.001","article-title":"Correcting for purifying selection: An improved human mitochondrial molecular clock","volume":"84","author":"P Soares","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.22849","article-title":"Fine time scaling of purifying selection on human nonsynonymous mtDNA mutations based on the worldwide population tree and mother\u2013child pairs","volume":"36","author":"B Cavadas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Hum Mutat"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e58993","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0058993","article-title":"Evaluating purifying selection in the mitochondrial DNA of various mammalian species","volume":"8","author":"P Soares","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhevol.2010.04.005","article-title":"Using genetic evidence to evaluate four palaeoanthropological hypotheses for the timing of Neanderthal and modern human origins","volume":"59","author":"P Endicott","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Hum Evol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2013.02.044","article-title":"A revised timescale for human evolution based on ancient mitochondrial genomes","volume":"23","author":"Q Fu","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-015-1620-z","article-title":"Resolving the ancestry of Austronesian-speaking populations","volume":"135","author":"PA Soares","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2011.01.009","article-title":"Ancient voyaging and Polynesian origins","volume":"88","author":"P Soares","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12526","DOI":"10.1038\/srep12526","article-title":"60,000 years of interactions between central and eastern Africa documented by major African mitochondrial haplogroup L2","volume":"5","author":"M Silva","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14308","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1306290110","article-title":"Reconciling migration models to the Americas with the variation of North American native mitogenomes","volume":"110","author":"A Achilli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref23","first-page":"935","article-title":"Origin and evolution of native American mtDNA variation: A reappraisal","volume":"59","author":"P Forster","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J of Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1086\/303038","article-title":"mtDNA variation among Greenland Eskimos: The edge of the Beringian expansion","volume":"67","author":"J Saillard","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J of Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.3378\/1534-6617-80.4.335","article-title":"Accuracy of molecular dating with the \u03c1 statistic: Deviations from coalescent expectations under a range of demographic models","volume":"80","author":"MP Cox","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hum Biol"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7360","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.13.7360","article-title":"Recent common ancestry of human Y chromosomes: Evidence from DNA sequence data","volume":"97","author":"R Thomson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.23285","article-title":"Internal diversification of non-Sub-Saharan haplogroups in Sahelian populations and the spread of pastoralism beyond the Sahara","volume":"164","author":"I Kulichova","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mito.2017.07.010","article-title":"Cultural diffusion of Indo-Aryan languages into Bangladesh: A perspective from mitochondrial DNA","volume":"38","author":"YC Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mitochondrion"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19e25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.quaint.2017.05.054","article-title":"Antiquity of mtDNA lineage D1g from the southern cone of South America supports pre-Clovis migration","volume":"444","author":"M de Saint Pierre","year":"2017","journal-title":"Quat Int"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43041","DOI":"10.1038\/srep43041","article-title":"Aboriginal Australian mitochondrial genome variation\u2014an increased understanding of population antiquity and diversity","volume":"7","author":"N Nagle","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1007126","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1007126","article-title":"Background sequence characteristics influence the occurrence and severity of disease-causing mtDNA mutations","volume":"13","author":"W Wei","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3085","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-03176-z","article-title":"The connection of the genetic, cultural and geographic landscapes of Transoxiana","volume":"7","author":"M Zhabagin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s13059-018-1393-5","article-title":"The peopling of the last Green Sahara revealed by high-coverage resequencing of trans-Saharan patrilineages","volume":"19","author":"E D'Atanasio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genome Biol"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7341","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-07710-x","article-title":"Analysis of the R1b-DF27 haplogroup shows that a large fraction of Iberian Y-chromosome lineages originated recently in situ","volume":"7","author":"N Sole-Morata","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msu327","article-title":"The Y-chromosome tree bursts into leaf: 13,000 high-confidence SNPs covering the majority of known clades","volume":"32","author":"P Hallast","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.160788.113","article-title":"An unbiased resource of novel SNP markers provides a new chronology for the human Y chromosome and reveals a deep phylogenetic structure in Africa","volume":"24","author":"R Scozzari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Genome Res"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7152","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8152","article-title":"Large-scale recent expansion of European patrilineages shown by population resequencing","volume":"6","author":"C Batini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1038\/ejhg.2016.207","article-title":"Signatures of human European Palaeolithic expansion shown by resequencing of non-recombining X-chromosome segments","volume":"25","author":"P Maisano Delser","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/9781317952268","article-title":"Human Evolutionary Genetics","author":"M Jobling","year":"2013"},{"article-title":"An Introduction to Molecular Anthropology","year":"2016","author":"M Stoneking","key":"ref40"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-017-1805-8","article-title":"Toward a consensus on SNP and STR mutation rates on the human Y-chromosome","volume":"136","author":"O Balanovsky","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2009.11.052","article-title":"The human genetic history of East Asia: Weaving a complex tapestry","volume":"20","author":"M Stoneking","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"year":"2011","key":"ref43","article-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajhg.2012.04.003","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA signals of late glacial recolonization of Europe from Near Eastern refugia","volume":"90","author":"M Pala","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1086\/430073","article-title":"Saami and Berbers\u2014An unexpected mitochondrial DNA link","volume":"76","author":"A Achilli","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8377","DOI":"10.1038\/srep08377","article-title":"A genetic contribution from the Far East into Ashkenazi Jews via the ancient Silk Road","volume":"5","author":"JY Tian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12864-014-1201-x","article-title":"Human settlement history between Sunda and Sahul: a focus on East Timor (Timor-Leste) and the Pleistocenic mtDNA diversity","volume":"16","author":"SM Gomes","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Genomics"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/13.5.555","article-title":"PAML: a program package for phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood","volume":"13","author":"Z Yang","year":"1997","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"ref49","first-page":"129","article-title":"A note on the delta-method for finding variance formulae","volume":"1","author":"R Dorfman","year":"1938","journal-title":"The Biometric Bulletin"}],"container-title":["PLOS ONE"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0212311","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,9]],"date-time":"2020-05-09T10:02:34Z","timestamp":1589018554000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/dx.plos.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0212311"}},"subtitle":[],"editor":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Gojobori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]}],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0212311","relation":{},"ISSN":["1932-6203"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1932-6203"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]]}}}