{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T13:30:23Z","timestamp":1774013423184,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]],"date-time":"2021-05-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620950400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019\/14229-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019\/14229-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["306324\/2017-2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["306324\/2017-2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["code 001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["code 001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Halitosis is a term that defines any foul odor emanating from the oral cavity. The origin may be local or systemic. The aim of the proposed protocol is to determine whether treatment with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and treatment with probiotics are effective at eliminating halitosis.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Eighty-eight patients, from 18 to 25 years old with a diagnosis of halitosis (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>S\u2265112 ppb, determined by gas chromatography) will be randomly allocated to four groups (n = 22) that will receive different treatments: Group 1 \u2013treatment with teeth brushing, dental floss and tongue scraper; Group 2 \u2013brushing, dental floss and aPDT; Group 3 \u2013brushing, dental floss and probiotics; Group 4 \u2013brushing, flossing, aPDT and probiotics. The results of the halimetry will be compared before, immediately after, seven days and thirty days after treatment. The microbiological analysis of the coated tongue will be performed at these same times. The normality of the data will be determined using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Data with normal distribution will be analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Non-parametric data will be analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. The Wilcoxon test will be used to analyze the results of each treatment at the different evaluation periods.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Clinical trail registration<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p><jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" ext-link-type=\"uri\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/ct2\/show\/NCT03996044\" xlink:type=\"simple\">NCT03996044<\/jats:ext-link>.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0247096","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]],"date-time":"2021-05-14T17:24:03Z","timestamp":1621013043000},"page":"e0247096","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Comparative study between photodynamic therapy with urucum + Led and probiotics in halitosis reduction\u2013protocol for a controlled clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9086-4301","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pamella de Barros","family":"Motta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7774-4345","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Lara Jansiski","family":"Motta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana Carolina","family":"Costa da Mota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marcela Let\u00edcia","family":"Leal Gon\u00e7alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tamiris","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marcos","family":"Momolli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2454-2467","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"David Casimiro","family":"de Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Kristianne Porta","family":"Santos Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Raquel Agnelli","family":"Mesquita-Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alessandro Melo","family":"Deana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Wainwright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Renato Araujo","family":"Prates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini","family":"Horliana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sandra Kalil","family":"Bussadori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"pone.0247096.ref001","first-page":"65","article-title":"Halitosis: a review of current literature","volume":"84","author":"BL Armstrong","year":"2010","journal-title":"American Dental Hygienists\u2019 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