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Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) sequence analysis indicated that they belonged to two previously unknown species of<jats:italic>Nothophytophthora<\/jats:italic>, a recently erected sister genus of<jats:italic>Phytophthora<\/jats:italic>. Morphological and temperature-growth studies were carried out to characterise both new species. In addition, Bayesian and Maximum-Likelihood analyses of nuclear 5-loci and mitochondrial 3-loci datasets were performed to resolve the phylogenetic positions of the two new species. Both species were sterile, formed chlamydospores and partially caducous nonpapillate sporangia, and showed slower growth than any of the six known<jats:italic>Nothophytophthora<\/jats:italic>species. In all phylogenetic analyses both species formed distinct, strongly supported clades, closely related to<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>chlamydospora<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>valdiviana<\/jats:italic>from Chile. Based on their unique combination of morphological and physiological characters and their distinct phylogenetic positions the two new species are described as<jats:italic>Nothophytophthora irlandica<\/jats:italic>sp. nov. and<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>lirii<\/jats:italic>sp. nov. Their potential lifestyle and geographic origin are discussed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0250527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]],"date-time":"2021-05-26T17:35:40Z","timestamp":1622050540000},"page":"e0250527","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Two new Nothophytophthora species from streams in Ireland and Northern Ireland: Nothophytophthora irlandica and N. lirii sp. nov."],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0595-0246","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Richard","family":"O\u2019Hanlon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Destefanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Milenkovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9505-6175","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Michal","family":"Tom\u0161ovsk\u00fd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Josef","family":"Janou\u0161ek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Stanley E.","family":"Bellgard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bevan S.","family":"Weir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tom\u00e1\u0161","family":"Kudl\u00e1\u010dek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2219-8647","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Marilia","family":"Horta Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2034-0718","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Thomas","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0250527.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.3767\/persoonia.2017.39.07","article-title":"Nothophytophthora gen. nov., a new sister genus of Phytophthora from natural and semi\u2013natural ecosystems","volume":"39","author":"T Jung","year":"2017a","journal-title":"Persoonia"},{"key":"pone.0250527.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12443","DOI":"10.1111\/efp.12443","article-title":"aDiversity of Phytophthora species in Valdivian rainforests and association with severe dieback symptoms","volume":"48","author":"T Jung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Forest Pathol"},{"key":"pone.0250527.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3390\/f11010093","article-title":"A survey in natural forest ecosystems of Vietnam reveals high diversity of both new and described Phytophthora taxa including P. ramorum","volume":"11","author":"T Jung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Forests"},{"key":"pone.0250527.ref004","unstructured":"Randall S (2011) Fishing for Phytophthora: A year-long investigation into the diversity of Phytophthora Species in the Waitakere Ranges, Auckland, NZ. 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