{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T11:44:28Z","timestamp":1769946268236,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CEECINST\/00131\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECINST\/00131\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/145383\/2019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/145383\/2019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SFRH\/BD\/110969\/2015"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SFRH\/BD\/110969\/2015"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Fund for Regional Development"},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["UIDB\/05183\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/05183\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Cynara cardunculus<\/jats:italic>L. is a cardoon species native to the Mediterranean region, which is composed of three botanical taxa, each having distinct biological characteristics. The aim of this study was to examine wild populations of<jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>cardunculus<\/jats:italic>established in Portugal, in order to determine their genetic diversity, geographic distribution, and population structure. Based on SSR markers, 121 individuals of<jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>cardunculus<\/jats:italic>from 17 wild populations of the Portuguese Alentejo region were identified and analysed. Ten SSRs were found to be efficient markers in the genetic diversity analysis. The total number of alleles ranged from 9 to 17 per locus. The expected and observed means in heterozygosity, by population analysed, were 0.591 and 0.577, respectively. The wild population exhibited a high level of genetic diversity at the species level. The highest proportion of genetic variation was identified within a geographic group, while variation was lower among groups. Geographic areas having highest genetic diversity were identified in Alvito, Herdade da Ab\u00f3boda, Herdade da Revilheira and Herdade de S\u00e3o Rom\u00e3o populations. Moreover, significant genetic differentiation existed between wild populations from North-Alentejo geographic locations (Arraiolos, \u00c9vora, Monte da Chamin\u00e9) and Centro Hortofrut\u00edcola, compared with other populations. This study reports genetic diversity among a representative number of wild populations and genotypes of<jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>cardunculus<\/jats:italic>from Portugal. These results will provide valuable information towards future management of<jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>cardunculus<\/jats:italic>germplasm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0252792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T17:52:55Z","timestamp":1623261175000},"page":"e0252792","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Genetic diversity and population structure of Cynara cardunculus L. in southern Portugal"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Maria Miguel","family":"Castro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daniela","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana M.","family":"Ferro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Faustino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Paulino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Br\u00e1s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Eliana","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Carla Pinto","family":"Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4699-3824","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Anabela D. 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