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Climate change can be a meaningful threat for them, reducing suitable habitat or forcing migration events.<jats:italic>Cistus ladanifer<\/jats:italic>subsp.<jats:italic>sulcatus<\/jats:italic>is an endemic plant of Portugal, known to occur only in the top of its south-western coast\u2019s prominent cliffs. In spite of being included in the annexes II and IV of the European Habitats Directive of Natura 2000 Network, this taxon is still understudied, especially regarding the effects of climate change on its distribution. To overcome such gap, Maxent was used to model the current distribution of<jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>.<jats:italic>ladanifer<\/jats:italic>subsp.<jats:italic>sulcatus<\/jats:italic>and project its future distribution considering different General Circulation Models, periods (2050 and 2070) and Representation Concentration Pathways (4.5 and 8.5). The results suggested an extensive range contraction in the future, and extinction is a possible scenario. The proximity to littoral cliffs is crucial for this plant\u2019s occurrence, but these formations are irregularly distributed along the coast, hindering range expansions, further inhibited by a small dispersal capacity.<jats:italic>C<\/jats:italic>istus<jats:italic>ladanifer<\/jats:italic>subsp.<jats:italic>sulcatus<\/jats:italic>will probably remain confined to south-western Portugal in the future, where it will continue to face relevant threats like human activity, reinforcing the need for its conservation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0258976","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]],"date-time":"2021-10-22T21:37:05Z","timestamp":1634938625000},"page":"e0258976","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The role of littoral cliffs in the niche delimitation on a microendemic plant facing climate change"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9301-2358","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Miguel R.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Alice Maria","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Celestino","family":"Quintela-Sabar\u00eds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8859-4365","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Nat\u00e1lia","family":"Roque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paulo","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4684-1262","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Maria Margarida","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0258976.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.2307\/2399957","article-title":"Hot-Spots analysis for conservation of plant biodiversity in the Mediterranean Basin","volume":"84","author":"F M\u00e9dail","year":"1997","journal-title":"Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden"},{"key":"pone.0258976.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1038\/35002501","article-title":"Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities","volume":"403","author":"N Myers","year":"2000","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"pone.0258976.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2699.2007.01715.x","article-title":"Molecular and palaeoecological evidence for multiple glacial refugia for evergreen oaks on the Iberian Peninsula","volume":"34","author":"U L\u00f3pez de Heredia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Biogeography"},{"key":"pone.0258976.ref004","first-page":"2449","article-title":"refugia","volume":"27","author":"KD Bennett","year":"2008","journal-title":"Quaternary Science Reviews"},{"key":"pone.0258976.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2699.2008.02051.x","article-title":"Glacial refugia influence plant diversity patterns in the Mediterranean Basin","volume":"36","author":"F M\u00e9dail","year":"2009","journal-title":"Journal of Biogeography"},{"key":"pone.0258976.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1038\/35016000","article-title":"The genetic legacy of the Quaternary ice ages","volume":"405","author":"G. 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