{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T03:39:34Z","timestamp":1777433974668,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010790","name":"Erasmus+","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018-1-ES01-KA203-050800"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-1-ES01-KA203-050800"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010790","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"\nIntroduction<\/jats:title>\nEuropean societies are rapidly becoming multicultural. Cultural diversity presents new challenges and opportunities to communities that receive immigrants and migrants, and highlights the need for culturally safe healthcare. Universities share a responsibility to build a fair and equitable society by integrating cultural content in the nursing curricula. This paper aims to analyze European student nurses\u00b4 experience of learning cultural competence and of working with patients from diverse cultural backgrounds.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nMaterials and methods<\/jats:title>\nA phenomenological approach was selected through a qualitative research method. 7 semi-structured focus groups with 5\u20137 students took place at the participants\u2019 respective universities in Spain, Belgium, Turkey and Portugal.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nResults<\/jats:title>\n5 themes and 16 subthemes emerged from thematic analysis. Theme 1, concept of culture\/cultural diversity, describes the participants\u2019 concept of culture; ethnocentricity emerged as a frequent element in the students\u2019 discourse. Theme 2, personal awareness, integrates the students\u2019 self-perception of cultural competence and their learning needs. Theme 3, impact of culture, delves on the participants\u2019 perceived impact of cultural on both nursing care and patient outcomes. Theme 4, learning cultural competence, integrates the participants\u2019 learning experiences as part of their nursing curricula, as part of other academic learning opportunities and as part of extra-academic activities. Theme 5, learning cultural competence during practice placements, addresses some important issues including witnessing unequal care, racism, prejudice and conflict, communication and language barriers, tools and resources and positive attitudes and behaviors witnesses or displayed during clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n\nConclusion<\/jats:title>\nThe participants\u2019 perceived level of cultural competence was variable. All the participants agreed that transcultural nursing content should be integrated in the nursing curricula, and suggested different strategies to improve their knowledge, skills and attitudes. It is important to listen to the students and take their opinion into account when designing cultural teaching and learning activities.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0259802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]],"date-time":"2021-12-17T18:58:25Z","timestamp":1639767505000},"page":"e0259802","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Nursing students\u2019 experience of learning cultural competence"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"16","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8206-4803","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Isabel","family":"Ant\u00f3n-Solanas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Elena","family":"Tambo-Lizalde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Hamam-Alcober","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3001-5038","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Val\u00e9rie","family":"Vanceulebroeck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Shana","family":"Dehaes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Indrani","family":"Kalkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nuran","family":"K\u00f6m\u00fcrc\u00fc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Margarida","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5752-1136","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Antonio","family":"Casa Nova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Raul","family":"Cordeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Sagarra-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana B.","family":"Subir\u00f3n-Valera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Hu\u00e9rcanos-Esparza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0259802.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/inr.12370","article-title":"Cultural competence among nursing students in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study","volume":"64","author":"JP Cruz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int Nurs Rev"},{"key":"pone.0259802.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nepr.2018.01.007","article-title":"Effects of cultural education and cultural experiences on the cultural competence among undergraduate nursing students","volume":"29","author":"J-S Choi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Pract"},{"key":"pone.0259802.ref003","volume-title":"International migration, health & human rights","author":"H. 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