{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T20:41:32Z","timestamp":1776372092684,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]],"date-time":"2023-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1674691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"<jats:sec id=\"sec001\">\n<jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Cytolytic vaginosis (CV) is a little-known, controversial condition that is typically not considered for women presenting with vulvovaginitis symptoms. Objective: The objective of this scoping review was to identify and compile the global evidence on CV.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec002\">\n<jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>A medical librarian searched Prospero, Wiley Cochrane Library, Ovid Embase, Ovid Medline, EBSCO CINAHL, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, and Scopus, from inception to April 4, 2019 and updated to October 17, 2021. Studies were eligible if they discussed CV. Two independent reviewers conducted study selection and data extraction.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec003\">\n<jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Sixty-four studies were identified, with 67% of studies (n = 43) published since 2007. Studies were from around the world, including the United States (28%, n = 18), Brazil (11%, n = 7), Portugal (11%, n = 7), and China (11%, n = 7). Fifty percent of studies (n = 32) were reviews; the remainder were observational; and of these, 78% (n = 25) were cross-sectional. The most frequent topics included: diagnosis (19%, n = 12), prevalence (17%, n = 11), and overview of CV (50%, n = 32). Evidence for prevalence in symptomatic women (median prevalence of 5%, interquartile range 3%-8%) was based only on 16% of studies (n = 10) with minimal evidence on prevalence in asymptomatic women and across different geographic regions. Microbiological findings, including abundant lactobacilli and fragmented epithelial cells, were found useful to distinguish between CV and vulvovaginal candidiasis, and <jats:italic>Lactobacillus crispatus<\/jats:italic> was noted to dominate the vaginal flora in women with CV. Most studies used subjective criteria to diagnose CV as the condition lacks gold-standard microscopic criteria. The suggested primary treatment (baking soda irrigations) was largely based on expert opinion, and there was minimal evidence on associations between CV and other conditions.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>\n<jats:sec id=\"sec004\">\n<jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n<jats:p>Knowledge gaps currently exist in all realms of CV research. Additional research is needed to confirm the validity of CV and ensure that women are diagnosed and treated effectively.<\/jats:p>\n<\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0280954","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]],"date-time":"2023-01-26T18:34:49Z","timestamp":1674758089000},"page":"e0280954","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Scoping review of cytolytic vaginosis literature"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3354-4955","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Roni","family":"Kraut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Fabiola Diaz","family":"Carvallo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Golonka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sandra M.","family":"Campbell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Anoush","family":"Rehmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2140-1551","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Oksana","family":"Babenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Mao-Cheng","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5335-6770","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Pedro","family":"Vieira-Baptista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0280954.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e339","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30103-8","article-title":"Global burden of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis: a systematic review","volume":"18","author":"DW Denning","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"pone.0280954.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.15698\/mic2016.09.526","article-title":"Trichomoniasis\u2014are we giving the deserved attention to the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease worldwide?","volume":"3","author":"CB Menezes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Microb Cell"},{"key":"pone.0280954.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0000000000000972","article-title":"High global burden and costs of bacterial vaginosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"46","author":"K Peebles","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"pone.0280954.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-11-169","article-title":"Subjective health status and health-related quality of life among women with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis (RVVC) in Europe and the USA","volume":"11","author":"S Aball\u00e9a","year":"2013","journal-title":"Health Qual Life Outcomes"},{"key":"pone.0280954.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e74378","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0074378","article-title":"The burden of bacterial vaginosis: women\u2019s experience of the physical, emotional, sexual and social impact of living with recurrent bacterial vaginosis","volume":"8","author":"JE Bilardi","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLOS ONE"},{"key":"pone.0280954.ref006","first-page":"393","article-title":"The significance of parabasal (\u201cpostnatal\u201d) cells in the vaginal smear in prolonged pregnancy","volume":"5","author":"J. 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