{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]],"date-time":"2025-05-14T04:19:18Z","timestamp":1747196358756,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1682294400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology, I.P.","award":["UIDB\/04585\/2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UIDB\/04585\/2020"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plosone.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS ONE"],"abstract":"We examined the effects of adding a Kettlebell Swing training program (KB) to the regular skill-training protocol (REGULAR) on cardiorespiratory fitness, cardiorespiratory\/metabolic demand, and recovery to a simulated competition of female artistic gymnastics. Nine gymnasts (13\u00b12 years) had their REGULAR complemented with a 4-week kettlebell training (REGULAR+KB), consisting of 3 sessions\/week of 12x30\u201d swings x 30\u201d rest with \u00bc of their body weight, while 9 aged-matched gymnasts acted as a comparison group. Peak oxygen uptake (V<\/mml:mi>\u02d9<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mover>O<\/mml:mi>2<\/mml:mn>e<\/mml:mi>x<\/mml:mi>t<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>) during routines was estimated from the O2<\/jats:sub> recovery curve using backward extrapolation and off-kinetics parameters were modeled through a mono-exponential function. Heart rate (HR) was monitored continuously and capillary blood lactate (BLa<\/jats:sub>-<\/jats:sup>) was measured before and after each routine (1st<\/jats:sup> and 3rd<\/jats:sup> min). Cardiorespiratory fitness (V<\/mml:mi>\u02d9<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mover>O<\/mml:mi>2<\/mml:mn>max<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>) was evaluated using a ramp cycle ergometer test. A training-by-time interaction effect was observed for V<\/mml:mi>\u02d9<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mover>O<\/mml:mi>2<\/mml:mn>max<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> (p<\/jats:italic> = 0.009) as increments were only observed after REGULAR+KB (M = 8.85, SD = 9.67 ml.kg.min-1<\/jats:sup>). No training-by-time interactions were observed for HR<\/jats:italic>peak<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> (p =<\/jats:italic> 0.39), V<\/mml:mi>\u02d9<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mover>O<\/mml:mi>2<\/mml:mn>e<\/mml:mi>x<\/mml:mi>t<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> (p<\/jats:italic> = 0.07), or La<\/jats:italic>-<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>post3 (<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>p =<\/jats:italic> 0.25)<\/jats:italic>,<\/jats:sub> both training protocols reduced HR<\/jats:italic>peak<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> (M = -12; SD = 11 b.min-1<\/jats:sup>) and BLa<\/jats:italic>-<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup>post1<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub> (M = -0.70; SD = 1.29 mmol.L-1<\/jats:sup>) during the simulated competition, but not relative V<\/mml:mi>\u02d9<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mover>O<\/mml:mi>2<\/mml:mn>e<\/mml:mi>x<\/mml:mi>t<\/mml:mi><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula>. No training-by-time interaction was observed for the off-transient V<\/mml:mi>\u02d9<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mover>O<\/mml:mi>2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> time constant (p<\/jats:italic> = 0.38). V<\/mml:mi>\u02d9<\/mml:mo><\/mml:mover>O<\/mml:mi>2<\/mml:mn><\/mml:msub><\/mml:mrow><\/mml:math><\/jats:alternatives><\/jats:inline-formula> recovery was slower (M = 5; SD = 10 s) after both protocols. Both training protocols improved cardiorespiratory and metabolic demands and recovery kinetics to a simulated competition of female artistic gymnastics, although increases in cardiorespiratory fitness were only observed in REGULAR+KB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0283228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]],"date-time":"2023-04-24T17:35:46Z","timestamp":1682357746000},"page":"e0283228","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Effects of kettlebell swing training on cardiorespiratory and metabolic demand to a simulated competition in young female artistic gymnasts"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3934-3986","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Xavier","family":"Melo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"In\u00eas","family":"Arrais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5691-5272","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Lu\u00eds","family":"Mar\u00f4co","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro Neto","family":"Ribeiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Nabais","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Raquel","family":"Coelho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joana","family":"Reis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"V\u00edtor","family":"Angarten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bo","family":"Fernhall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Santa-Clara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0283228.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s11332-020-00713-8","article-title":"Selected components of physical fitness in rhythmic and artistic youth gymnast","volume":"17","author":"L Russo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sport Sci Health"},{"key":"pone.0283228.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1139\/h01-027","article-title":"Evolution of the physiological profile of gymnasts over the past 40 years. 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