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Accordingly, the goal of this study was to identify juvenile fish species along an estuary of Caet\u00e9 River in the Brazilian Blue Amazon based on. For this purpose, we applied the DNA barcoding and discuss this approach as a tool for discrimination of species in early ontogenetic stages. A 500-bp fragment was obtained from 74 individuals, belonging to 23 species, 20 genera, 13 families and seven orders. About 70% of the 46 haplotypes revealed congruence between morphological and molecular species identification, while 8% of them failed in identification of taxa and 22% demonstrated morphological misidentification. These results proved that COI fragments were effective to diagnose fish species at early life stages, allowing identifying all samples to a species-specific status, except for some taxa whose COI sequences remain unavailable in public databases. Therefore, we recommend the incorporation of DNA barcoding to provide additional support to traditional identification, especially in morphologically controversial groups. In addition, periodic updates and comparative analyses in public COI datasets are encouraged.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0292232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]],"date-time":"2023-09-28T17:38:41Z","timestamp":1695922721000},"page":"e0292232","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Molecular characterization of juvenile fish from the Amazon estuary using DNA barcoding approach"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"\u00cdtalo","family":"Lutz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Thais","family":"Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2668-7843","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Felipe","family":"Ara\u00fajo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Josy","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Suane","family":"Matos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jefferson","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Luciano","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bianca","family":"Bentes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Raimundo","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ivana","family":"Veneza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Iracilda","family":"Sampaio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Marcelo","family":"Vallinoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3003-7272","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Grazielle Evangelista","family":"Gomes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"pone.0292232.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119174844","volume-title":"Fishes of the World","author":"JS Nelson","year":"2016"},{"key":"pone.0292232.ref002","unstructured":"Fricke R, Eschmeyer WN, Van der Laan R. 2022 [cited 17 January 2023]. 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