{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T07:48:10Z","timestamp":1774943290970,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":87,"publisher":"Public Library of Science (PLoS)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["333197025"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["333197025"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001871","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020.05061.BD"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020.05061.BD"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001871","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","award":["CEECIND\/00241\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CEECIND\/00241\/2017"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.plospathogens.org"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["PLoS Pathog"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Tuberculosis (TB), one of the deadliest threats to human health, is mainly caused by 2 highly related and human-adapted bacteria broadly known as <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Mycobacterium africanum<\/jats:italic>. Whereas <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> is widely spread, <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>africanum<\/jats:italic> is restricted to West Africa, where it remains a significant cause of tuberculosis. Although several differences have been identified between these 2 pathogens, <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>africanum<\/jats:italic> remains a lot less studied than <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>. Here, we discuss the genetic, phenotypic, and clinical similarities and differences between strains of <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>africanum<\/jats:italic>. We also discuss our current knowledge on the immune response to <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>africanum<\/jats:italic> and how it possibly articulates with distinct disease progression and with the geographical restriction attributed to this pathogen. Understanding the functional impact of the diversity existing in TB-causing bacteria, as well as incorporating this diversity in TB research, will contribute to the development of better, more specific approaches to tackle TB.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1010490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]],"date-time":"2022-05-26T17:25:23Z","timestamp":1653585923000},"page":"e1010490","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium africanum: Knowns and unknowns"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"18","author":[{"given":"Marta L.","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Baltazar","family":"C\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Nuno S.","family":"Os\u00f3rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Pedro N. S.","family":"Rodrigues","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana Raquel","family":"Maceiras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8180-1293","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Margarida","family":"Saraiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ppat.1010490.ref001","first-page":"S112","article-title":"Human and tuberculosis co-evolution: An integrative view","volume":"95","author":"P Perrin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Elsevier"},{"key":"ppat.1010490.ref002","unstructured":"WHO. 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