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The cytolysin Listeriolysin O (LLO), secreted by\n                    <jats:italic>Listeria monocytogenes<\/jats:italic>\n                    , has well established roles in infection, yet the host signaling responses to LLO-induced damage remain poorly understood. Here, we identify a previously unrecognized protective pathway in which LLO triggers rapid activation of the tyrosine kinase Src, leading to phosphorylation of the non-muscle myosin II heavy chain 2A (NMHC2A)\u00a0at tyrosine 158. While Src activation and NMHC2A tyrosine phosphorylation have been observed during\n                    <jats:italic>Listeria<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection, we demonstrate here that both responses are directly driven by LLO. This phosphorylation event does not alter NMHC2A motor activity\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>\n                    but is required for cytoskeletal reorganization and efficient responses to PM damage. Using\n                    <jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/jats:italic>\n                    , we further show that phosphorylation of the NMHC2A homolog NMY-2 at the conserved tyrosine 163 is required for survival under PFT-induced stress and heat shock, revealing an evolutionarily conserved defense mechanism. Together, our findings establish Src-mediated NMHC2A phosphorylation as a critical link between PFT-induced PM damage sensing and actomyosin remodeling, advancing our understanding of host defense against bacterial toxins.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1013945","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]],"date-time":"2026-02-23T18:47:59Z","timestamp":1771872479000},"page":"e1013945","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.ppat.corrections_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Src-dependent tyrosine-phosphorylation of NM2A has a protective role against bacterial pore-forming toxins"],"prefix":"10.1371","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Cl\u00e1udia","family":"Brito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Francisco S.","family":"Mesquita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Joana M.","family":"Pereira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Daniel S.","family":"Os\u00f3rio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Neil","family":"Billington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ricardo R.","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"S\u00edlvia","family":"Vale-Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"James R.","family":"Sellers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Didier","family":"Cabanes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Ana X.","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8578-0461","authenticated-orcid":true,"given":"Sandra","family":"Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"340","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1013945.ref001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2015.3","article-title":"Pore-forming toxins: ancient, but never really out of fashion","volume":"14","author":"M Dal Peraro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"ppat.1013945.ref002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-018-2992-8","article-title":"Mechanisms protecting host cells against bacterial pore-forming toxins","volume":"76","author":"C Brito","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"ppat.1013945.ref003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pereira JM, et al. The yin and yang of pneumolysin during pneumococcal infection. 2022;13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.878244"},{"issue":"2","key":"ppat.1013945.ref004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.15252\/embr.201642833","article-title":"Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone Gp96 controls actomyosin dynamics and protects against pore-forming toxins","volume":"18","author":"FS Mesquita","year":"2017","journal-title":"EMBO Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"ppat.1013945.ref005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15010004","article-title":"Cells responding to closely related cholesterol-dependent cytolysins release extracellular vesicles with a common proteomic content including membrane repair proteins","volume":"15","author":"S Alves","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxins (Basel)"},{"issue":"8","key":"ppat.1013945.ref006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2012.04.006","article-title":"Listeriolysin O: the Swiss army knife 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