{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T16:44:45Z","timestamp":1774284285426,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,1]],"date-time":"2005-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1112313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Background: Mercury is a ubiquitous and highly toxic environmental pollutant. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between mercury exposure and oxidative stress, serum and urinary mercury concentrations, oxidative DNA damage, and serum redox status in chronically mercury-exposed persons compared with healthy controls.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Methods: We measured urinary 8-hydroxy-2\u2032-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), which we used as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage in the mercury-exposed persons, by HPLC with electrochemical detection (ECD). We evaluated antioxidant status by measuring the activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and the concentrations of total reduced glutathione and protein-bound thiols in serum.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results: The significant increase in 8-OHdG concentrations in urine indicated that mercury-induced oxidative damage to DNA occurred in vivo. Differences in body mercury burden and antioxidant enzyme activities were statistically significant between the mercury-exposed persons and controls. Serum and urinary mercury concentrations in the mercury-exposed persons were more than 40-fold higher than in controls.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Conclusions: Mercury exposure can induce oxidative DNA damage, whereas the antioxidative repair systems can be expected to minimize DNA lesions caused by mercury. Measurement of urinary 8-OHdG could be useful for evaluating in vivo oxidative DNA damage in mercury-exposed populations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2004.042093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,4]],"date-time":"2005-02-04T01:24:35Z","timestamp":1107480275000},"page":"759-767","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":102,"title":["Increased Oxidative DNA Damage, as Assessed by Urinary 8-Hydroxy-2\u2032-Deoxyguanosine Concentrations, and Serum Redox Status in Persons Exposed to Mercury"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Chunying","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Techniques and Laboratory for Nanoscale Materials and Related Bio-Environmental Sciences, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Peoples Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liya","family":"Qu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou Research and Designing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Guiyang, Peoples Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bai","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Techniques and Laboratory for Nanoscale Materials and Related Bio-Environmental Sciences, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Peoples Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Xing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Techniques and Laboratory for Nanoscale Materials and Related Bio-Environmental Sciences, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Peoples Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guang","family":"Jia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, Peoples Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tiancheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Third Hospital of Peking University, Beijing, Peoples Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuxi","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Techniques and Laboratory for Nanoscale Materials and Related Bio-Environmental Sciences, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Peoples Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peiqun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Techniques and Laboratory for Nanoscale Materials and Related Bio-Environmental Sciences, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Peoples Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou Research and Designing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Guiyang, Peoples Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guizhou Research and Designing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Guiyang, Peoples Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhifang","family":"Chai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Nuclear Analytical Techniques and Laboratory for Nanoscale Materials and Related Bio-Environmental Sciences, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, Peoples Republic of China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020022800562203000_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clarkson TW, Magos L, Myers GJ. The toxicology of mercury\u2014current exposures and clinical manifestations. N Engl J Med2003;349:1731-1737.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra022471"},{"key":"2020022800562203000_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boening DW. Ecological effects, transport, and fate of mercury: a general review. Chemosphere2000;40:1335-1351.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0045-6535(99)00283-0"},{"key":"2020022800562203000_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bernard S, Enayati A, Roger H, Binstock T, Redwood L. The roles of mercury in the pathogenesis of autism. Mol Psychiatry2002;7:S42-S43.","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001177"},{"key":"2020022800562203000_R4","unstructured":"Blyth PL. Zero tolerance\u2014even a little mercury is too much. Mater Manag Health Care1999;8:16."},{"key":"2020022800562203000_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hussain S, Atkinson A, Thompson S, Khan A. Accumulation of mercury and its effects on antioxidant enzymes in brain, liver and kidneys of mice. J Environ Sci Health1999;34:645-660.","DOI":"10.1080\/03601239909373219"},{"key":"2020022800562203000_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schurz F, Sabater-Vilar M, Fink-Gremmels J. Mutagenicity of mercury chloride and mechanisms of cellular defense: the role of metal-binding proteins. Mutagenesis2000;15:525-530.","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/15.6.525"},{"key":"2020022800562203000_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stohs SJ, Bagchi D. Oxidative mechanisms in the toxicity of metal ions. Free Radic Biol Med1995;18:321-336.","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(94)00159-H"},{"key":"2020022800562203000_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Flora S, Bennicelli C, Bagnasco M. Genotoxicity of mercury compounds. A review. Mutat Res1994;317:57-79.","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1110(94)90012-4"},{"key":"2020022800562203000_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ogura H, Takeucho T, Morimoto K. A comparison of 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, chromosome aberrations and micronucleus techniques for the assessment of the genotoxicity of mercury compounds in human blood lymphocytes. Mutat Res1996;340:175-182.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1110(96)90047-0"},{"key":"2020022800562203000_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Renner T, Fechner T, Scherer G. Fast quantification of the urinary marker of oxidative stress 8-hydroxy-2\u2032-deoxyguanosine using solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with triple-stage quadrupole mass detection. J Chromatogr B2000;738:311-317.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4347(99)00542-3"},{"key":"2020022800562203000_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De Martinis BS, de Lourdes Pires Bianchi M. Methodology for urinary 8-hydroxy-2\u2032-deoxyguanosine analysis by HPLC with electrochemical detection. Pharmacol Res2002;46:129-131.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1043-6618(02)00080-4"},{"key":"2020022800562203000_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pilger A, Ivancsits S, Germadnik D, Rudiger HW. Urinary excretion of 8-hydroxy-2\u2032-deoxyguanosine measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Techol Biomed Life Sci2002;778:393-401.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-4347(01)00449-2"},{"key":"2020022800562203000_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kasai H. A new automated method to analyze urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine by a high-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detector system. J Radiat Res2003;44:185-189.","DOI":"10.1269\/jrr.44.185"},{"key":"2020022800562203000_R14","unstructured":"Zhang PQ, Chen CY, Zhao JJ, Li B, Qu LY, Chai ZF. [Correlation of mercury, selenium and other elements in the tissues of fishes from the regions at different mercury exposure levels]. Environ Sci2004;25:159-165."},{"key":"2020022800562203000_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Horvat M, Nolde N, Fajon V, Jereb V, Logar M, Lojen S, et al. Total mercury methylmercury and selenium in mercury polluted areas in the province Guizhou China. Sci Total Environ2003;304:231-256.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(02)00572-7"},{"key":"2020022800562203000_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao JJ, Chen CY, Zhang PQ, Chai ZF, Qu LY, Li M. Comparison of selenium and mercury distribution in porcine tissues and their subcellular fractions studied by NAA and HG-AFS. J Radioanal Nucl Chem2004;259:459-463.","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JRNC.0000020918.92350.40"},{"key":"2020022800562203000_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Jung K, Kuhler S, Klotzek S, Becker S, Henke W. Effect of storage temperature on the activity of superoxide dismutase catalase glutathione peroxidase glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase in rat liver and kidney homogenates. Enzyme Protein1993;47:149-155.","DOI":"10.1159\/000468670"},{"key":"2020022800562203000_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein using the principle of protein dye binding. Ann Biochem1976;72:248-254.","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3"},{"key":"2020022800562203000_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hafeman DG, Sunde RA, Hoekstra WG. Effect of dietary selenium on erythrocyte and liver glutathione peroxidase in the rat. J Nutr1974;104:580-587.","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/104.5.580"},{"key":"2020022800562203000_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Markland S. Involvement of the superoxide anion radical in the antioxidation of pyrogallol and a convenient assay for superoxide dismutase. Eur J Biol Chem1974;47:467-473.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1974.tb03714.x"},{"key":"2020022800562203000_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sedlak J, Lindsay RH. Estimation of total protein-bound and nonprotein sulfhydryl group in tissue with Ellman\u2019s reagent. Anal Biochem1968;25:192-205.","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(68)90092-4"},{"key":"2020022800562203000_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Drasch G, Bose-O\u2019Reilly S, Beinhoff C, Roider G, Maydl S. The Mt Diwata study on the Philippines 1999\u2014assessing mercury intoxication of the population by small-scale gold mining. Sci Total Environ2001;267:151-168.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(00)00806-8"},{"key":"2020022800562203000_R23","unstructured":"Iyengar GV. Elemental analysis of biological systems1989:185pp CRC Press Inc. Boca Raton, FL. ."},{"key":"2020022800562203000_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ellingsen DG, Barregard L, Gaarden PI, Hultberg B, Kjuus H. Assessment of renal dysfunction in workers previously exposed to mercury vapor at a chloracali plant. Br J Indust Med1993;50:881-887.","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.50.10.881"},{"key":"2020022800562203000_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clarkson TW. The toxicology of mercury. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci1997;34:369-403.","DOI":"10.3109\/10408369708998098"},{"key":"2020022800562203000_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brune D, Nordberg GF, Vesterberg O, Gerhardsson L, Wester PO. A review of normal concentrations of mercury in human blood. Sci Total Environ1991;100:235-282.","DOI":"10.1016\/0048-9697(91)90380-W"},{"key":"2020022800562203000_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nierenberg DW, Nordgren RE, Chang MB, Siegler RW, Blayney MB, Hochberg F, et al. Delayed cerebellar disease and death after accidental exposure to dimethylmercury. N Engl J Med1998;338:1672-1676.","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199806043382305"},{"key":"2020022800562203000_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahlqwist M, Bengtsson C, Lapidus L, Gergdahl IA, Schutz A. Serum mercury concentration in relation to survival symptoms and disease: results from the prospective population study of women in Gothenburg, Sweden. Acta Odontol Scand1999;57:168-174.","DOI":"10.1080\/000163599428913"},{"key":"2020022800562203000_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soleo L, Vacca A, Vimercati L, Bruno S, Di Loreto M, Zocchetti C, et al. Minimal immunological effects on workers with prolonged low exposure to inorganic mercury. Occup Environ Med1997;54:437-442.","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.54.6.437"},{"key":"2020022800562203000_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tsuji JS, Williams PR, Edwards MR, Allamneni KP, Kelsh MA, Paustenbach DJ, et al. Evaluation of mercury in urine as an indicator of exposure to low levels of mercury vapor. Environ Health Perspect2003;111:623-630.","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.5717"},{"key":"2020022800562203000_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Anwar W, Gabal M. Cytogenetic study in workers occupationally exposed to mercury fulminate. Mutagenesis1991;6:189-192.","DOI":"10.1093\/mutage\/6.3.189"},{"key":"2020022800562203000_R32","unstructured":"Ou YC, White CC, Krejsa CM, Ponce RA, Kavanagh TJ, Faustman EM. The role of intracellular glutathione in methylmercury-induced toxicity in embryonic neuronal cells. Neurotoxicology1999;20:793-804."},{"key":"2020022800562203000_R33","unstructured":"Yee S, Choi BH. Oxidative stress in neurotoxic effects of methylmercury poisoning. Neurotoxicology1996;17:17-26."},{"key":"2020022800562203000_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang W, Clarkson TW, Ballatori N. \u03b3-Glutamyl transpeptidase and l-cysteine regulate methylmercury uptake by HepG2 cells a human hepatoma cell line. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol2000;168:72-78.","DOI":"10.1006\/taap.2000.9018"},{"key":"2020022800562203000_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Girardi G, Elias MM. Mercuric chloride effects on rat renal redox enzymes activities: SOD protection. Free Radic Biol Med1995;18:61-66.","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(94)00097-4"},{"key":"2020022800562203000_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Araragi S, Kondoh M, Kawase M, Saito S, Higashimoto M, Sato M. Mercuric chloride induces apoptosis via a mitochondrial-dependent pathway in human leukemia cells. Toxicology2003;184:1-9.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(02)00443-2"},{"key":"2020022800562203000_R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lee CH, Lin RH, Liu SH, Lin-Shiau SY. Distinct genotoxicity of phenylmercury acetate in human lymphocytes as compared with other mercury compounds. Mutat Res1997;392:269-276.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1383-5718(97)00081-8"},{"key":"2020022800562203000_R38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vimercati L, Santarelli L, Pesola G, Drago I, Lasorsa G, Valentino M, et al. Monocyte-macrophage system and polymorphonuclear leukocytes in workers exposed to low levels of metallic mercury. Sci Total Environ2001;270:157-163.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0048-9697(00)00780-4"},{"key":"2020022800562203000_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suzuki J, Inoue Y, Suzuki S. Changes in the urinary excretion level of 8-hydroxyguanine by exposure to reactive oxygen-generating substances. Free Radic Biol Med1995;18:431-436.","DOI":"10.1016\/0891-5849(94)00152-A"},{"key":"2020022800562203000_R40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kasai H, Iwamoto-Tanaka N, Miyamoto T, Kawanami K, Kawanami S, Kido R, et al. Life style and urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine a marker of oxidative DNA damage: effects of exercise working conditions meat intake body mass index and smoking. Jpn J Cancer Res2001;92:9-15.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.2001.tb01041.x"},{"key":"2020022800562203000_R41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tagesson C, Kallberg M, Klintenberg C, Starkhammar H. Determination of urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine by automated coupled-column high performance liquid chromatography: a powerful technique for assaying in vivo oxidative DNA damage in cancer patients. Eur J Cancer1995;31A:934-940.","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-8049(94)00490-0"},{"key":"2020022800562203000_R42","unstructured":"Tagesson C, Chabiuk D, Axelson O, Baranski B, Palus J, Wyszynska K. Increased urinary excretion of the oxidative DNA adduct 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine as a possible early indicator of occupational cancer hazards in the asbestos rubber and azo-dye industries. Pol J Occup Med Environ Health1993;6:357-368."}],"container-title":["Clinical Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/clinchem\/article-pdf\/51\/4\/759\/32683406\/clinchem0759.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/clinchem\/article-pdf\/51\/4\/759\/32683406\/clinchem0759.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]],"date-time":"2020-02-28T06:01:15Z","timestamp":1582869675000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/clinchem\/article\/51\/4\/759\/5629608"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,1]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1373\/clinchem.2004.042093","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-9147","1530-8561"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-9147","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-8561","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,1]]}}}