{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T20:53:29Z","timestamp":1780088009723,"version":"3.54.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,1]],"date-time":"2005-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1120176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Background: We hypothesized that serum \u03b3-glutamyltransferase (GGT) would positively predict the risk of microalbuminuria, a frequent consequence of both diabetes and hypertension, because serum GGT predicted diabetes and hypertension in dose\u2013response relationships.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Methods: In this prospective study, 2478 black and white men and women without microalbuminuria at year 10 provided urine samples 5 years later. Year 10 GGT cutpoints were 12, 18, and 29 U\/L.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Results: The incidence of microalbuminuria across year 10 GGT categories was U-shaped. Adjusted odds ratios across quartiles of serum GGT were 1.0, 0.39, 0.54, and 0.94 (P &amp;lt;0.01 for quadratic term), but the shape of association depended on the status of hypertension or diabetes (P &amp;lt;0.01 for interaction). Among individuals who ever had hypertension or diabetes, year 10 serum GGT showed a clear positive dose\u2013response association with incident microalbuminuria (P &amp;lt;0.01 for trend), whereas among individuals with neither hypertension nor diabetes during the study, year 10 GGT showed a U-shaped association with it (P = 0.01 for quadratic term). When the long-term risk was evaluated in 3895 participants based on serum GGT at year 0 and prevalence of microalbuminuria at year 10 or year 15, the trends were similar but weaker than those of short-term incidence risk.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Conclusions: Serum GGT within the physiologic range predicted microalbuminuria among patients with hypertension or diabetes and may act as a predictor of microvascular and\/or renal complications in these vulnerable groups. GGT showed a U-shaped association with microalbuminuria among persons who did not develop either hypertension or diabetes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2004.045872","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,5,13]],"date-time":"2005-05-13T00:34:18Z","timestamp":1115944458000},"page":"1185-1191","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Serum \u03b3-Glutamyltransferase Was Differently Associated with Microalbuminuria by Status of Hypertension or Diabetes: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Duk-Hee","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea"},{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"David R","family":"Jacobs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, and"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myron","family":"Gross","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Steffes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020022800552456200_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nilssen O, Forde OH, Brenn T. 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