{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T06:08:03Z","timestamp":1776146883041,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,1]],"date-time":"2005-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1122854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Background: In the United States, Down syndrome screening is still performed mainly in the second trimester, using 3 or 4 markers. Moving screening into the first trimester has the advantage of earlier diagnosis. Currently, first-trimester screening typically includes maternal serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), the free \u03b2-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (free \u03b2), and ultrasound measurement of nuchal translucency thickness (NT). The current report describes a case\u2013control study of serum invasive trophoblast antigen (ITA) and its possible inclusion in first-trimester screening for Down syndrome.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Methods: As part of an earlier observational study, serum samples from 54 Down syndrome and 276 matched unaffected pregnancies were collected between 9 and 15 weeks of gestation. Samples had been aliquoted and stored at \u221220 \u00b0C for 8 years. ITA was measured and converted to weight-adjusted multiples of the median (MoM). The distributions of other first-trimester markers are from a single published study.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results: Median ITA MoM in Down syndrome pregnancies increase as gestational age increases (2.02 MoM at 11 and 2.44 MoM at 13 completed weeks). At 75% detection, maternal age in combination with ITA and PAPP-A measurements have an 8.0% false-positive rate, slightly lower than the 8.8% found for the free \u03b2 and PAPP-A combination; adding NT measurements reduces false positives for the 2 combinations to 2.0% and 1.8%, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Conclusion: Serum ITA appears to be a useful first-trimester Down syndrome marker that could replace free \u03b2 measurements while maintaining performance.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2005.050567","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,6,17]],"date-time":"2005-06-17T00:37:54Z","timestamp":1118968674000},"page":"1499-1504","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Maternal Serum Invasive Trophoblast Antigen and First-Trimester Down Syndrome Screening"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Glenn E","family":"Palomaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundation for Blood Research, Scarborough, ME"},{"name":"Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George J","family":"Knight","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundation for Blood Research, Scarborough, ME"},{"name":"Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Louis M","family":"Neveux","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundation for Blood Research, Scarborough, ME"},{"name":"Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raj","family":"Pandian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Quest Diagnostics Nichols Institute, San Juan Capistrano, CA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James E","family":"Haddow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Foundation for Blood Research, Scarborough, ME"},{"name":"Women and Infants Hospital, Providence, RI"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020022800543524100_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Knight GJ, Palomaki GE, Neveux LM, Fodor KK, Haddow JE. hCG and the free \u03b2-subunit as screening tests for Down syndrome. 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