{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T13:43:14Z","timestamp":1774359794220,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,1]],"date-time":"2006-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1151712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Background: Commonly used methods for detecting benzodiazepines (BZPs) and BZP-like substances, such as zolpidem and zopiclone, may not detect low concentrations of these drugs. We developed a liquid chromatographic\u2013tandem mass spectrometric method for identifying these drugs and their relevant metabolites.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Methods: We extracted BZPs from urine by solid-phase extraction with a mixed-mode phase (OASIS\u00ae HLB cartridges). Chromatographic separation was performed with a Waters XTerra MS C18 [150 \u00d7 2.1 mm (i.d.); bead size, 5 \u03bcm] reversed-phase column with deuterated analogs of the analytes as internal standards (IS). Detection was performed with a triple-quadruple mass spectrometer that monitored 2 specific transitions per compound in the electrospray, positive-ion selected-reaction monitoring mode. We tested this technique on urine samples from 12 healthy volunteers and 1 forensic sample obtained in a case of alleged drug-facilitated sexual assault.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results: Chromatographic separation was achieved within 18 min. The linear dynamic ranges extended from 0.02 or 0.1 \u03bcg\/L (depending on the drug or metabolite) to 50 \u03bcg\/L. Extraction recovery (range) was 77%\u2013110%. Limits of detection were \u22640.05 \u03bcg\/L. No ion suppression was seen except for alprazolam, for which baseline decreased by almost 20%. In the forensic urine sample, the method detected alprazolam (3.5 \u03bcg\/L) and its characteristic metabolite, \u03b1-hydroxyalprazolam (0.17 \u03bcg\/L).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Conclusion: This method measured low concentrations of BZPs and BZP-like substances and might be useful for analyses of urine in suspected drug-facilitated sexual assault cases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2005.065631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,19]],"date-time":"2006-05-19T00:43:13Z","timestamp":1147999393000},"page":"1346-1355","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Liquid Chromatography\u2013Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Detection of Low Concentrations of 21 Benzodiazepines, Metabolites, and Analogs in Urine: Method with Forensic Applications"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"52","author":[{"given":"Oscar","family":"Quintela","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France"},{"name":"Forensic Toxicology Department, Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, C\/San Francisco, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Franc\u0327ois-Ludovic","family":"Sauvage","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabienne","family":"Charvier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean-Michel","family":"Gaulier","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ge\u0301rard","family":"Lacha\u0302tre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Marquet","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Limoges University Hospital, Limoges, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020022801243371100_R1","unstructured":"Stewart CH. 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