{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T23:10:15Z","timestamp":1789945815478,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,1]],"date-time":"2007-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1185926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007229","name":"BOF","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["B\/00145-BOF\/2-4\/BOF2002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B\/00145-BOF\/2-4\/BOF2002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007229","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is prone to oxidation in vivo. The human plasma protein haptoglobin (Hp) shows a genetic polymorphism with 3 major phenotypes (Hp 1-1, Hp 2-1, and Hp 2-2) that show important functional differences. Despite an adequate nutritional supply, in Hp 2-2 individuals (most common among Asian populations) vitamin C is markedly lower in concentration and particularly prone to oxidation in vivo. Therefore, susceptibility to subclinical and clinical vitamin C deficiency (scurvy) is partly genetically determined. The genetic advantage of the Hp1 allele as a vitamin C stabilizing factor helps to elucidate the direction and successes of long-distance sea crossing human migrations in history. Clinical trials demonstrated Hp phenotype\u2013related effects of antioxidant treatment. Because vitamin C is a first line antioxidant, Hp polymorphism and its effects on vitamin C have major clinical consequences; a marked difference in genetic susceptibility toward atherosclerosis between Hp phenotypes is attributable to variation in LDL oxidation. The classical view of vitamin C and scurvy being a pure nutritional condition needs to be updated. These findings should foster research investigating the role of Hp polymorphism in human disease, and in vitamin C deficiency and atherosclerosis in particular.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2007.088658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,20]],"date-time":"2007-07-20T18:29:56Z","timestamp":1184956196000},"page":"1397-1400","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Vitamin C Deficiency and Scurvy Are Not Only a Dietary Problem but Are Codetermined by the Haptoglobin Polymorphism"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Joris R","family":"Delanghe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michel R","family":"Langlois","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc L","family":"De Buyzere","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Ghent, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathieu A","family":"Torck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department Languages and Cultures, of South and East Asia, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020022802475954300_R1","unstructured":"Carpenter KJ. 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East Asian Maritime History I: Trade and Transfer across the East Asian \u201cMediterranean\u201d2005:275-288 Harrassowitz Verlag Wiesbaden. ."},{"key":"2020022802475954300_R11","unstructured":"Wu Q. Yizong jinjian. Chapter 70, p. 23. In: Siku Quanshu (1782 edition) Yingyin Wenyange. Taibei: Shangwu, 1983\u20131986;782:344.."},{"key":"2020022802475954300_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walker BL. The early modern Japanese state and Ainu vaccinations: redefining the body politic 1799\u20131868. Past and Present1999;163:121-160.","DOI":"10.1093\/past\/163.1.121"},{"key":"2020022802475954300_R13","unstructured":"Szippl RF. Funaosa Ni. 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