{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T21:53:34Z","timestamp":1790978014229,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,1]],"date-time":"2007-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1191196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Leducq Transatlantic Network of Excellence"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Background: Gas6 is a vitamin K\u2013dependent antiapoptotic protein that has been implicated in cardiovascular pathophysiology. We report the development and validation of an ELISA for Gas6, and the variation of plasma Gas6 with hormonal status in a study designed to evaluate the effect of oral contraception on plasma markers.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Methods: After validation of the main stages of the ELISA assay, we measured plasma Gas6 concentrations in 94 male and 88 female healthy volunteers ages 18 to 38 years. Forty-five of the women then received an oral contraceptive, which contained ethinylestradiol and levonorgestrel, for 3 months before a new measurement was performed at the same time point in their menstrual cycles.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results: Interassay imprecision was 5.8%\u201311.8%, and the detection limit was 5.9 \u03bcg\/L. Mean Gas6 plasma concentrations were significantly lower in men (52.0 \u03bcg\/L) than in women not receiving oral contraceptives (63.8 \u03bcg\/L, P &amp;lt;0.001). In the women who received oral contraceptives, Gas6 concentrations decreased after 3 months of therapy from 63.6 \u03bcg\/L to 51.9 \u03bcg\/L (P &amp;lt;0.001).<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Conclusions: We have developed a simple and reproducible ELISA assay for measuring plasma Gas6 concentrations, which vary with sex and are decreased by oral contraceptive use. These results suggest regulation of plasma Gas6 concentrations by sex hormones. Future clinical studies may require participants to be stratified by sex.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2007.089102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,23]],"date-time":"2007-08-23T21:20:02Z","timestamp":1187904002000},"page":"1808-1813","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Development of a Novel Immunoassay for the Assessment of Plasma Gas6 Concentrations and Their Variation with Hormonal Status"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Sylvain","family":"Clauser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistance Publique-Ho\u0302pitaux de Paris, Ho\u0302pital Europe\u0301en Georges Pompidou, Service d\u2019He\u0301matologie Biologique A, Paris, France"},{"name":"Universite\u0301 Paris-Sud, Laboratoire d\u2019He\u0301matologie, Orsay, France"},{"name":"Institut National de la Sante\u0301 et de la Recherche Me\u0301dicale, Unite\u0301 765, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Se\u0301verine","family":"Peyrard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistance Publique-Ho\u0302pitaux de Paris, Ho\u0302pital Europe\u0301en Georges Pompidou, Institut National de la Sante\u0301 et de la Recherche Me\u0301dicale, CIC 9201, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascale","family":"Gaussem","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistance Publique-Ho\u0302pitaux de Paris, Ho\u0302pital Europe\u0301en Georges Pompidou, Service d\u2019He\u0301matologie Biologique A, Paris, France"},{"name":"Institut National de la Sante\u0301 et de la Recherche Me\u0301dicale, Unite\u0301 765, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Malvina","family":"Crespin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Sante\u0301 et de la Recherche Me\u0301dicale, Unite\u0301 765, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Emmerich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut National de la Sante\u0301 et de la Recherche Me\u0301dicale, Unite\u0301 765, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martine","family":"Aiach","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistance Publique-Ho\u0302pitaux de Paris, Ho\u0302pital Europe\u0301en Georges Pompidou, Service d\u2019He\u0301matologie Biologique A, Paris, France"},{"name":"Institut National de la Sante\u0301 et de la Recherche Me\u0301dicale, Unite\u0301 765, Paris, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Delphine","family":"Borgel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Assistance Publique-Ho\u0302pitaux de Paris, Ho\u0302pital Europe\u0301en Georges Pompidou, Service d\u2019He\u0301matologie Biologique A, Paris, France"},{"name":"Universite\u0301 Paris-Sud, Laboratoire d\u2019He\u0301matologie, Orsay, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020022802471258700_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Evenas P, Garcia de Frutos P, Nicolaes GA, Dahlback B. The second laminin G-type domain of protein S is indispensable for expression of full cofactor activity in activated protein C-catalysed inactivation of factor Va and factor VIIIa. Thromb Haemost2000;84:271-277.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1614007"},{"key":"2020022802471258700_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nagata K, Ohashi K, Nakano T, Arita H, Zong C, Hanafusa H, et al. Identification of the product of growth arrest-specific gene 6 as a common ligand for Axl, Sky, and Mer receptor tyrosine kinases. J Biol Chem1996;271:30022-30027.","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.47.30022"},{"key":"2020022802471258700_R3","unstructured":"Goruppi S, Ruaro E, Schneider C. Gas6, the ligand of Axl tyrosine kinase receptor, has mitogenic and survival activities for serum starved NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Oncogene1996;12:471-480."},{"key":"2020022802471258700_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Angelillo-Scherrer A, de Frutos P, Aparicio C, Melis E, Savi P, Lupu F, et al. Deficiency or inhibition of Gas6 causes platelet dysfunction and protects mice against thrombosis. Nat Med2001;7:215-221.","DOI":"10.1038\/84667"},{"key":"2020022802471258700_R5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Balogh I, Hafizi S, Stenhoff J, Hansson K, Dahlback B. Analysis of Gas6 in human platelets and plasma. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol2005;25:1280-1286.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000163845.07146.48"},{"key":"2020022802471258700_R6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clauser S, Bachelot-Lozat C, Fontana P, Gaussem P, Remones V, Aiach M, et al. Physiological plasma Gas6 levels do not influence platelet aggregation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol2006;26:e22.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.0000201968.72967.f9"},{"key":"2020022802471258700_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Burnier L, Borgel D, Angelillo-Scherrer A, Fontana P. Plasma levels of the growth arrest-specific gene 6 product (Gas6) and antiplatelet drug responsiveness in healthy subjects. J Thromb Haemost2006;4:2283-2284.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2006.02155.x"},{"key":"2020022802471258700_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Munoz X, Sumoy L, Ramirez-Lorca R, Villar J, de Frutos PG, Sala N. Human vitamin K-dependent GAS6: gene structure, allelic variation, and association with stroke. Hum Mutat2004;23:506-512.","DOI":"10.1002\/humu.20025"},{"key":"2020022802471258700_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Goldstein LB, Adams R, Becker K, Furberg CD, Gorelick PB, Hademenos G, et al. Primary prevention of ischemic stroke: a statement for healthcare professionals from the Stroke Council of the American Heart Association. Circulation2001;103:163-182.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.1.163"},{"key":"2020022802471258700_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mo R, Tony Zhu Y, Zhang Z, Rao SM, Zhu YJ. GAS6 is an estrogen-inducible gene in mammary epithelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun2007;353:189-194.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.12.018"},{"key":"2020022802471258700_R11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saposnik B, Borgel D, Aiach M, Gandrille S. Functional properties of the sex-hormone-binding globulin (SHBG)-like domain of the anticoagulant protein S. Eur J Biochem2003;270:545-555.","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1033.2003.03423.x"},{"key":"2020022802471258700_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fontana P, Dupont A, Gandrille S, Bachelot-Loza C, Reny JL, Aiach M, et al. Adenosine diphosphate-induced platelet aggregation is associated with P2Y12 gene sequence variations in healthy subjects. Circulation2003;108:989-995.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000085073.69189.88"},{"key":"2020022802471258700_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sere KM, Janssen MP, Willems GM, Tans G, Rosing J, Hackeng TM. Purified protein S contains multimeric forms with increased APC-independent anticoagulant activity. Biochemistry2001;40:8852-8860.","DOI":"10.1021\/bi002500a"},{"key":"2020022802471258700_R14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taupin JL, Gualde N, Moreau JF. A monoclonal antibody based ELISA for quantitation of human leukaemia inhibitory factor. Cytokine1997;9:112-118.","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.1996.0144"},{"key":"2020022802471258700_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boehme MW, Stremmel W. Comparison of three commercially available thrombomodulin ELISA kits. J Immunol Methods2004;286:231-240.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jim.2004.01.009"},{"key":"2020022802471258700_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Declerck PJ, Moreau H, Jespersen J, Gram J, Kluft C. Multicenter evaluation of commercially available methods for the immunological determination of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Thromb Haemost1993;70:858-863.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1649683"},{"key":"2020022802471258700_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dempfle CE, Zips S, Ergul H, Heene DL. The Fibrin Assay Comparison Trial (FACT): evaluation of 23 quantitative D-dimer assays as basis for the development of D-dimer calibrators. FACT study group. Thromb Haemost2001;85:671-678.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1615652"},{"key":"2020022802471258700_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gibot S, Massin F, Cravoisy A, Dupays R, Barraud D, Nace L, et al. Growth arrest-specific protein 6 plasma concentrations during septic shock. Crit Care2007;11:R8.","DOI":"10.1186\/cc5158"},{"key":"2020022802471258700_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Darney PD. The androgenicity of progestins. Am J Med1995;98:104S-110S.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)80067-9"},{"key":"2020022802471258700_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Knopp RH, Broyles FE, Cheung M, Moore K, Marcovina S, Chandler WL. Comparison of the lipoprotein, carbohydrate, and hemostatic effects of phasic oral contraceptives containing desogestrel or levonorgestrel. Contraception2001;63:1-11.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-7824(00)00196-7"},{"key":"2020022802471258700_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu Q, Gore M, Zhang Q, Camenisch T, Boast S, Casagranda F, et al. Tyro-3 family receptors are essential regulators of mammalian spermatogenesis. Nature1999;398:723-728.","DOI":"10.1038\/19554"},{"key":"2020022802471258700_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"D\u2019Arcangelo D, Gaetano C, Capogrossi MC. Acidification prevents endothelial cell apoptosis by Axl activation. Circ Res2002;91:e4-e12.","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000036753.50601.E9"},{"key":"2020022802471258700_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakano T, Kawamoto K, Higashino K, Arita H. Prevention of growth arrest-induced cell death of vascular smooth muscle cells by a product of growth arrest-specific gene, gas6. FEBS Lett1996;387:78-80.","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(96)00395-X"},{"key":"2020022802471258700_R24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Boddaert J, Mallat Z, Fornes P, Esposito B, Lecomte D, Verny M, et al. Age and gender effects on apoptosis in the human coronary arterial wall. Mech Ageing Dev2005;126:678-684.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mad.2005.01.001"},{"key":"2020022802471258700_R25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lerner DJ, Kannel WB. Patterns of coronary heart disease morbidity and mortality in the sexes: a 26-year follow-up of the Framingham population. Am Heart J1986;111:383-390.","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(86)90155-9"}],"container-title":["Clinical Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/clinchem\/article-pdf\/53\/10\/1808\/32690584\/clinchem1808.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/clinchem\/article-pdf\/53\/10\/1808\/32690584\/clinchem1808.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]],"date-time":"2020-02-28T02:49:26Z","timestamp":1582858166000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/clinchem\/article\/53\/10\/1808\/5627319"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,1]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1373\/clinchem.2007.089102","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-9147","1530-8561"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-9147","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-8561","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,10,1]]}}}