{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T22:44:14Z","timestamp":1783464254709,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,1]],"date-time":"2008-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1207008000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Background: Haptoglobin (Hp) \u03b1-chain alleles 1 and 2 account for 3 phenotypes that may influence the course of inflammatory diseases via biologically important differences in their antioxidant, scavenging, and immunomodulatory properties. Hp1-1 genotype results in the production of small dimeric, Hp2-1 linear, and Hp2-2 cyclic polymeric haptoglobin molecules. We investigated the haptoglobin polymorphism in patients with celiac disease and its possible association to the presenting symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Methods: We studied 712 unrelated, biopsy-proven Hungarian celiac patients (357 children, 355 adults; severe malabsorption 32.9%, minor gastrointestinal symptoms 22.8%, iron deficiency anemia 9.4%, dermatitis herpetiformis 15.6%, silent disease 7.2%, other 12.1%) and 384 healthy subjects. We determined haptoglobin phenotypes by gel electrophoresis and assigned corresponding genotypes.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Results: Hp2-1 was associated with a significant risk for celiac disease (P = 0.0006, odds ratio [OR] 1.54, 95% CI 1.20\u20131.98; prevalence 56.9% in patients vs 46.1% in controls). It was also overrepresented among patients with mild symptoms (69.2%) or silent disease (72.5%). Hp2-2 was less frequent in patients than in controls (P = 0.0023), but patients having this phenotype were at an increased risk for severe malabsorption (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.60\u20133.07) and accounted for 45.3% of all malabsorption cases. Celiac and dermatitis herpetiformis patients showed similar haptoglobin phenotype distributions.<\/jats:p>\n               <jats:p>Conclusions: The haptoglobin polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to celiac disease and its clinical presentations. The predominant genotype in the celiac population was Hp2-1, but Hp2-2 predisposed to a more severe clinical course. The phenotype-dependent effect of haptoglobin may result from the molecule\u2019s structural and functional properties.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2007.098780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,7]],"date-time":"2008-02-07T20:58:04Z","timestamp":1202417884000},"page":"697-704","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Haptoglobin Polymorphism: A Novel Genetic Risk Factor for Celiac Disease Development and Its Clinical Manifestations"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"54","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Papp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ildiko","family":"Foldi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Nemes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miklos","family":"Udvardy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jolan","family":"Harsfalvi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Center, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Istvan","family":"Altorjay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Istvan","family":"Mate","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Second Department of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamas","family":"Dinya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Surgery, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Csaba","family":"Varvolgyi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zsolt","family":"Barta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Third Department of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabor","family":"Veres","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Pediatrics, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter Laszlo","family":"Lakatos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"First Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judit","family":"Tumpek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laszlo","family":"Toth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erzsebet","family":"Szathmari","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Kenezy Gyula County Hospital, Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aniko","family":"Kapitany","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnes","family":"Gyetvai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilma R","family":"Korponay-Szabo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary"},{"name":"Celiac Disease Center, Heim Pal Children\u2019s Hospital, Budapest, Hungary"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020022800130273400_R1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2005.075119","volume":"55","year":"2006","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2020022800130273400_R2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S19","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.02.010","volume":"128","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2020022800130273400_R3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0b013e3180616bd2","volume":"45","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"2020022800130273400_R4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S47","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.02.030","volume":"128","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2020022800130273400_R5","first-page":"433","volume":"73","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"2020022800130273400_R6","first-page":"353","volume":"108","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2020022800130273400_R7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10914","DOI":"10.1021\/bi050764x","volume":"44","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"2020022800130273400_R8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1038\/35051594","volume":"409","year":"2001","journal-title":"Nature (Lond)"},{"key":"2020022800130273400_R9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/42.10.1589","volume":"42","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2020022800130273400_R10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2567.2003.01569.x","volume":"108","year":"2003","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"2020022800130273400_R11","first-page":"189","volume":"12","year":"1982","journal-title":"Adv Hum Genet"},{"key":"2020022800130273400_R12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/48.9.1377","volume":"48","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2020022800130273400_R13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-553X.2007.00898.x","volume":"29","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Lab Hematol"},{"key":"2020022800130273400_R14","first-page":"857","volume":"12","year":"1971","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2020022800130273400_R15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)91819-P","volume":"102","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2020022800130273400_R16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-200501000-00001","volume":"40","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"2020022800130273400_R17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.35.6.776","volume":"35","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2020022800130273400_R18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2001.10506720","volume":"19","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Biomol Struct Dyn"},{"key":"2020022800130273400_R19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(98)70008-3","volume":"115","year":"1998","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2020022800130273400_R20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2006.03133.x","volume":"24","year":"2006","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2020022800130273400_R21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1097\/00005176-199707000-00009","volume":"25","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr"},{"key":"2020022800130273400_R22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200304010-00002","volume":"4","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"2020022800130273400_R23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-006-9615-1","volume":"52","year":"2007","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"2020022800130273400_R24","first-page":"153","volume":"6","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gene Geogr"},{"key":"2020022800130273400_R25","first-page":"169","volume":"30","year":"1983","journal-title":"Neoplasma"},{"key":"2020022800130273400_R26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1159\/000153546","volume":"35","year":"1985","journal-title":"Hum Hered"},{"key":"2020022800130273400_R27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1159\/000153753","volume":"38","year":"1988","journal-title":"Hum Hered"},{"key":"2020022800130273400_R28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2006.06.003","volume":"149","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"2020022800130273400_R29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0039.2006.00665.x","volume":"68","year":"2006","journal-title":"Tissue Antigens"},{"key":"2020022800130273400_R30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2006.04.032","volume":"191","year":"2007","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"2020022800130273400_R31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)90989-X","volume":"343","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2020022800130273400_R32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3693","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V98.13.3693","volume":"98","year":"2001","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2020022800130273400_R33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S330","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-003-0114-y","volume":"40","year":"2003","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"key":"2020022800130273400_R34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.107.149435","volume":"101","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"2020022800130273400_R35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890410033171","volume":"36","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Med"},{"key":"2020022800130273400_R36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.2174\/156652406778018626","volume":"6","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Mol Med"},{"key":"2020022800130273400_R37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2003.023150","volume":"54","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"2020022800130273400_R38","first-page":"141","volume":"51","year":"1983","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"2020022800130273400_R39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2006.12.092","volume":"353","year":"2007","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2020022800130273400_R40","first-page":"199","volume":"35","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Chem Clin Biochem"}],"container-title":["Clinical Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/clinchem\/article-pdf\/54\/4\/697\/32672078\/clinchem0697.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/clinchem\/article-pdf\/54\/4\/697\/32672078\/clinchem0697.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,28]],"date-time":"2020-02-28T00:14:02Z","timestamp":1582848842000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/clinchem\/article\/54\/4\/697\/5628751"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,1]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,1]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1373\/clinchem.2007.098780","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-9147","1530-8561"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-9147","type":"print"},{"value":"1530-8561","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,1]]}}}