{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,7]],"date-time":"2026-02-07T22:42:38Z","timestamp":1770504158495,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,1]],"date-time":"2011-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1298937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Intramural Research Program"},{"name":"Extramural","award":["DA12220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA12220"]}]},{"name":"Extramural","award":["DA12403"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DA12403"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,3,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Few investigations have used placenta as an alternative matrix to detect in utero drug exposure, despite its availability at the time of birth and the large amount of sample. Methadone-maintained opioid-dependent pregnant women provide a unique opportunity to examine the placental disposition of methadone and metabolite [2-ethylidene-1,5-dimethyl-3,3-diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP)], to explore their correlations with maternal methadone dose and neonatal outcomes, and to test the ability to detect in utero exposure to illicit drugs.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We calculated the correlations of placental methadone and EDDP concentrations and their correlations with maternal methadone doses and neonatal outcomes. Cocaine- and opiate-positive placenta results were compared with the results for meconium samples and for urine samples collected throughout gestation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Positive correlations were found between placental methadone and EDDP concentrations (r = 0.685), and between methadone concentration and methadone dose at delivery (r = 0.542), mean daily dose (r = 0.554), mean third-trimester dose (r = 0.591), and cumulative daily dose (r = 0.639). The EDDP\/methadone concentration ratio was negatively correlated with cumulative daily dose (r = \u22120.541) and positively correlated with peak neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) score (r = 0.513). Placental EDDP concentration was negatively correlated with newborn head circumference (r = \u22120.579). Cocaine and opiate use was detected in far fewer placenta samples than in thrice-weekly urine and meconium samples, a result suggesting a short detection window for placenta.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Quantitative methadone and EDDP measurement may predict NAS severity. The placenta reflects in utero drug exposure for a shorter time than meconium but may be useful when meconium is unavailable or if documentation of recent exposure is needed.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2010.154864","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,18]],"date-time":"2011-01-18T22:38:49Z","timestamp":1295390329000},"page":"449-458","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Maternal Methadone Dose, Placental Methadone Concentrations, and Neonatal Outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Ana","family":"de Castro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Baltimore, MD"},{"name":"Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hendre\u00e9 E","family":"Jones","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rolley E","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD"},{"name":"Reckitt Benckiser Pharmaceuticals, Richmond, VA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teresa R","family":"Gray","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diaa M","family":"Shakleya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Chemistry and Drug Metabolism, National Institute on Drug Abuse, NIH, Baltimore, MD"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marilyn 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