{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T12:59:36Z","timestamp":1793365176318,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":378,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]],"date-time":"2011-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1306886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004330","name":"GlaxoSmithKline","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004330","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005632","name":"Forest Laboratories","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005632","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004336","name":"Novartis","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004336","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004396","name":"PepsiCo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004396","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004830","name":"Siemens","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004830","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]]},"abstract":"\n BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n Multiple laboratory tests are used to diagnose and manage patients with diabetes mellitus. The quality of the scientific evidence supporting the use of these tests varies substantially.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n APPROACH<\/jats:title>\n An expert committee compiled evidence-based recommendations for the use of laboratory testing for patients with diabetes. A new system was developed to grade the overall quality of the evidence and the strength of the recommendations. Draft guidelines were posted on the Internet and presented at the 2007 Arnold O. Beckman Conference. The document was modified in response to oral and written comments, and a revised draft was posted in 2010 and again modified in response to written comments. The National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry and the Evidence Based Laboratory Medicine Committee of the AACC jointly reviewed the guidelines, which were accepted after revisions by the Professional Practice Committee and subsequently approved by the Executive Committee of the American Diabetes Association.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n CONTENT<\/jats:title>\n In addition to long-standing criteria based on measurement of plasma glucose, diabetes can be diagnosed by demonstrating increased blood hemoglobin A1c (Hb A1c) concentrations. Monitoring of glycemic control is performed by self-monitoring of plasma or blood glucose with meters and by laboratory analysis of Hb A1c. The potential roles of noninvasive glucose monitoring, genetic testing, and measurement of autoantibodies, urine albumin, insulin, proinsulin, C-peptide, and other analytes are addressed.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n SUMMARY<\/jats:title>\n The guidelines provide specific recommendations that are based on published data or derived from expert consensus. Several analytes have minimal clinical value at present, and their measurement is not recommended.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2010.161596","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,5,27]],"date-time":"2011-05-27T00:02:21Z","timestamp":1306454541000},"page":"e1-e47","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":381,"title":["Guidelines and Recommendations for Laboratory Analysis in the Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"David B","family":"Sacks","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine , National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Arnold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemistry , University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George L","family":"Bakris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine , Hypertensive Disease Unit, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David E","family":"Bruns","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology , University of Virginia Medical School, Charlottesville, VA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea Rita","family":"Horvath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Screening and Test Evaluation Program , School of Public Health, University of Sydney, SEALS Department of Clinical Chemistry, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M Sue","family":"Kirkman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Diabetes Association , Alexandria, VA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ake","family":"Lernmark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences , Lund University\/CRC, Skane University Hospital Malm\u00f6, Malm\u00f6, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boyd E","family":"Metzger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Endocrinology , Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David M","family":"Nathan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School , Diabetes Center, Boston, MA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026092204170352900_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.20.7.1183","article-title":"Report of the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"20","author":"ADA","year":"1997","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"2026092204170352900_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.iy.08.040190.003243","article-title":"Type-I diabetes: a chronic autoimmune disease of human, mouse, and rat","volume":"8","author":"Castano","year":"1990","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2026092204170352900_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.37.12.1595","article-title":"Banting Lecture 1988. 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