{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T05:02:53Z","timestamp":1791349373898,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,1]],"date-time":"2011-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1320105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["30730079"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["30730079"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"\u201cEleventh Five-Year Plan\u201d for Science and Technology Research","award":["2008BAI58B06"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2008BAI58B06"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Anthocyanins have been shown to improve endothelial function in animal models. However, whether these compounds have similar beneficial effects in humans is largely unknown.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In a short-term crossover study, 12 hypercholesterolemic individuals were given oral anthocyanins (320 mg) isolated from berries or placebo. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) was assessed before and after the intervention. In a long-term intervention trial (12 weeks), 150 hypercholesterolemic individuals were given anthocyanins (320 mg\/day, n = 75) or placebo (n = 75), after which we measured FMD, plasma cGMP, and other serum biomarkers. Another short-term intervention was conducted in the presence of NO-cGMP inhibitors in 6 people and in a rat aortic ring model (n = 8).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Significant increases of FMD from 8.3% (0.6%) at baseline to 11.0% (0.8%) at 1 h and 10.1% (0.9%) at 2 h were observed after short-term anthocyanin consumption, concomitantly with increases of plasma anthocyanin concentrations (P &amp;lt; 0.05). In the study participants who received long-term anthocyanin intervention, compared with the control group, we observed significant increases in the FMD (28.4% vs 2.2%), cGMP (12.6% vs \u22121.2%), and HDL-cholesterol concentrations, but decreases in the serum soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 and LDL cholesterol concentrations (P &amp;lt; 0.05). The changes in the cGMP and HDL cholesterol concentrations positively correlated with FMD in the anthocyanin group (P &amp;lt; 0.05). In the presence of NO-cGMP inhibitors, the effects of anthocyanin on endothelial function were abolished in human participants and in a rat aortic ring model.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Anthocyanin supplementation improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation in hypercholesterolemic individuals. This effect involves activation of the NO-cGMP signaling pathway, improvements in the serum lipid profile, and decreased inflammation.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2011.167361","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,16]],"date-time":"2011-09-16T23:46:27Z","timestamp":1316216787000},"page":"1524-1533","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":210,"title":["Purified Anthocyanin Supplementation Improves Endothelial Function via NO-cGMP Activation in Hypercholesterolemic Individuals"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Yanna","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, and"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Xia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition, and Health"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition, 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