{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T03:03:36Z","timestamp":1787022216036,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]],"date-time":"2012-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1333238400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001505","name":"Health Research Council of New Zealand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001505","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001530","name":"Canterbury Medical Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001516","name":"National Heart Foundation of New Zealand","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001516","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>New biomarkers are needed to assist clinical decision making in cardiovascular disease. We have recently shown that signal peptides may represent a novel biomarker target in cardiovascular diseases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We developed a novel immunoassay for the signal peptide of preproANP (ANPsp) and used it to document cardiac tissue levels of ANPsp in explant human hearts (n = 9), circulating venous concentrations of ANPsp in healthy volunteers (n = 65), temporal ANPsp concentrations in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) &amp;lt;4 h after chest pain onset (n = 23), and regional plasma ANPsp concentrations in patients undergoing clinically indicated catheterization (n = 10). We analyzed the structure and sequence of circulating ANPsp by tandem mass spectrometry (MS\/MS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ANPsp levels in human heart tissue were 50\u20131000 times lower than those of ANP\/NT-proANP. ANPsp was detectable in control human plasma at concentrations comparable with ANP itself (approximately 20 ng\/L). In STEMI patients, plasma concentrations of ANPsp rose to peak values at 5 h after symptom onset, significantly earlier than myoglobin, creatine kinase-MB, and troponin (P &amp;lt; 0.001). There were significant arteriovenous increases in ANPsp concentrations (P &amp;lt; 0.05) across the heart and kidney; arterial and coronary sinus concentrations of ANPsp both negatively correlated with systolic and mean arterial blood pressures (both P &amp;lt; 0.01). MS\/MS verified circulating ANPsp to be preproANP(16\u201325) and preproANP(18\u201325).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ANPsp is a novel circulating natriuretic peptide with potential to act as a cardiovascular biomarker. The rapid increase of plasma ANPsp in STEMI and its significant relationship with blood pressure encourage further study of its potential clinical utility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2011.176990","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,31]],"date-time":"2012-01-31T02:03:41Z","timestamp":1327975421000},"page":"757-767","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["First Identification of Circulating Prepro\u2013A-Type Natriuretic Peptide (PreproANP) Signal Peptide Fragments in Humans: Initial Assessment as Cardiovascular Biomarkers"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Chris J","family":"Pemberton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Christchurch Cardioendocrine Research Group, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maithri","family":"Siriwardena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Christchurch Cardioendocrine Research Group, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torsten","family":"Kleffmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Protein Research, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Ruygrok","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Green Lane Cardiovascular Service, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suetonia C","family":"Palmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Christchurch Cardioendocrine Research Group, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim G","family":"Yandle","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Christchurch Cardioendocrine Research Group, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A Mark","family":"Richards","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Christchurch Cardioendocrine Research Group, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020022705040337000_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2634","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.187397","article-title":"Joint ESC\/ACCF\/AHA\/WHF Task Force for the Redefinition of Myocardial Infarction. 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