{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T02:04:18Z","timestamp":1791770658348,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]],"date-time":"2016-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1475280000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Current recommendations for screening for monoclonal gammopathies include serum protein electrophoresis (PEL), imunofixation electrophoresis (IFE), and free light chain (FLC) ratios to identify or rule out an M-protein. The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility of an assay based on immunoenrichment and MALDI-TOF-MS (MASS-SCREEN) to qualitatively screen for M-proteins.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Serum from 556 patients previously screened for M-proteins by PEL and IFE were immunopurified using a \u03ba\/\u03bb-specific nanobody bead mixture. Following purification, light chains (LC) were released from their heavy chains by reduction. MALDI-TOF analysis was performed and the mass-to-charge LC distributions were visually examined for the presence of an M-protein by both unblinded and blinded analysts.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In unblinded analysis, MASS-SCREEN detected 100% of the PEL-positive samples with an analytical sensitivity and specificity of 96% and 81% using IFE positivity as the standard. In a blinded analysis using 6 different laboratory personnel, consensus was reached in 92% of the samples. Overall analytical sensitivity and specificity were reduced to 92% and 80%, respectively. FLC ratios were found to be abnormal in 28% of MASS-SCREEN\u2013negative samples, suggesting FLC measurements need to be considered in screening.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>MASS-SCREEN could replace PEL in a panel that would include FLC measurements. Further studies and method development should be performed to validate the clinical sensitivity and specificity and to determine if this panel will suffice as a general screen for monoclonal proteins.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2015.253781","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,12]],"date-time":"2016-08-12T03:09:02Z","timestamp":1470971342000},"page":"1345-1352","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Screening Method for M-Proteins in Serum Using Nanobody Enrichment Coupled to MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Mindy C","family":"Kohlhagen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David R","family":"Barnidge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and 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