{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,2]],"date-time":"2026-07-02T02:19:54Z","timestamp":1782958794340,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]],"date-time":"2018-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>The diagnosis of active tuberculosis (TB) cases primarily relies on methods that detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) bacilli or their DNA in patient samples (e.g., mycobacterial culture and Xpert MTB\/RIF assays), but these tests have low clinical sensitivity for patients with paucibacillary TB disease. Our goal was to evaluate the clinical performance of a newly developed assay that can rapidly diagnose active TB cases by direct detection of Mtb-derived antigens in patients' blood samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Nanoparticle (NanoDisk)-enriched peptides derived from the Mtb virulence factors CFP-10 (10-kDa culture factor protein) and ESAT-6 (6-kDa early secretory antigenic target) were analyzed by high-throughput mass spectrometry (MS). Serum from 294 prospectively enrolled Chinese adults were analyzed with this NanoDisk-MS method to evaluate the performance of direct serum Mtb antigen measurement as a means for rapid diagnosis of active TB cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>NanoDisk-MS diagnosed 174 (88.3%) of the study's TB cases, with 95.8% clinical specificity, and with 91.6% and 85.3% clinical sensitivity for culture-positive and culture-negative TB cases, respectively. NanoDisk-MS also exhibited 88% clinical sensitivity for pulmonary and 90% for extrapulmonary TB, exceeding the diagnostic performance of mycobacterial culture for these cases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Direct detection and quantification of serum Mtb antigens by NanoDisk-MS can rapidly and accurately diagnose active TB in adults, independent of disease site or culture status, and outperform Mycobacterium-based TB diagnostics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2017.273698","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,18]],"date-time":"2018-01-18T21:15:25Z","timestamp":1516310125000},"page":"791-800","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Clinical Evaluation of a Blood Assay to Diagnose Paucibacillary Tuberculosis via Bacterial Antigens"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Chang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia G. Piper Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ"},{"name":"School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ"},{"name":"Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher J","family":"Lyon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia G. Piper Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ"},{"name":"Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Bu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX"},{"name":"College of Materials Sciences and Opto-Electronics, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaian","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX"},{"name":"School of Biomedical Engineering, School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, The Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Walters","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liqun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Tuberculosis, Beijing Tuberculosis & Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anneke C","family":"Hesseling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward A","family":"Graviss","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia G. Piper Biodesign Center for Personalized Diagnostics, The Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ"},{"name":"School of Biological and Health Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ"},{"name":"Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2020022605561163900_B1","article-title":"Global tuberculosis report 2015","author":"The World Health Organization","year":"2015"},{"key":"2020022605561163900_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200905-0692OC","article-title":"Yield of acid-fast smear and mycobacterial culture for tuberculosis diagnosis in people with human immunodeficiency virus","volume":"180","author":"Monkongdee","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"2020022605561163900_B3","unstructured":"The World Health Organization. Systematic screening for active tuberculosis: Principles and recommendations. 2013. 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