{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:06:27Z","timestamp":1790791587472,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]],"date-time":"2019-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32 NICHD 049338"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32 NICHD 049338"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Routine anaerobic blood culture collection in febrile children is controversial, as clinicians try to account for the severe but relative infrequency of anaerobic bacteremia. Furthermore, clinical and laboratory practice variation among institutions may lead to potentially inaccurate epidemiological data. Our goal was to assess blood culture practices in pediatric patients throughout an international network of hospitals in industrialized countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a survey of current clinical and laboratory practice patterns in a convenience sample of international institutions participating in 6 pediatric emergency research networks in the US, Canada, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. A lead clinician at each institution queried institutional practices from the emergency department, pediatric intensive care unit, and oncology medical directors. The microbiology director at each institution completed the laboratory survey.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty-five of 160 (41%) invited institutions participated in the survey. Routine anaerobic blood cultures are collected in 30% of emergency departments, 30% of intensive care units, and 48% of oncology wards. Reasons for restricting anaerobic culture collection included concerns regarding blood volume (51%), low pretest probability (22%), and cost-effectiveness (16%). The most common reasons institutions allow for selectively obtaining anaerobic cultures are clinical suspicion (64%) and patients who are immunosuppressed (50%). The microbiology survey showed variation in systems, although most use the BACTEC\u2122 culture system and MALDI-TOF for organism identification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is broad variation in anaerobic blood culture practices among a network of pediatric hospitals in industrialized countries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1373\/jalm.2018.027128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,7]],"date-time":"2018-12-07T16:55:49Z","timestamp":1544201749000},"page":"553-558","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Pediatric Anaerobic Blood Culture Practices in Industrialized Countries"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Tama","family":"Th\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Curfman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carey-Ann D","family":"Burnham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Molecular Microbiology, and Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ericka","family":"Hayes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Schnadower","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"with the Pediatric Emergency Medicine Collaborative Research Committee (PEM-CRC)","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022020118442056300_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(58)91087-0","article-title":"Anaerobes in routine diagnostic cultures","volume":"1","author":"Stokes","year":"1958","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2022020118442056300_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(25)07876-0","article-title":"Anaerobic bacteremia","volume":"47","author":"Wilson","year":"1972","journal-title":"Mayo Clinic Proc"},{"key":"2022020118442056300_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(95)70305-5","article-title":"Value of routine anaerobic blood cultures for pediatric patients","volume":"127","author":"Zaidi","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Pediatrics"},{"key":"2022020118442056300_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.3109\/00365549309008509","article-title":"Significant decrease of gram-negative anaerobic bacteremia in a major hospital from 1967\u201373 to 1981\u201389: an effect of the introduction of metronidazole?","volume":"25","author":"Siboni","year":"1993","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022020118442056300_B5","first-page":"607","article-title":"[Anaerobic organisms, bacteremia and septicemia]","volume":"30","author":"Meisel","year":"1975","journal-title":"Pol Tyg Lek"},{"key":"2022020118442056300_B6","first-page":"1052","article-title":"Anaerobic bacteremia in children","volume":"134","author":"Brook","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"2022020118442056300_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(92)90015-4","article-title":"Anaerobic bacteremia: incidence, patient characteristics, and clinical significance","volume":"92","author":"Lombardi","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2022020118442056300_B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.31.8.2110-2113.1993","article-title":"Rationale for selective use of anaerobic blood cultures","volume":"31","author":"Morris","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"2022020118442056300_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S288","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/16.Supplement_4.S288","article-title":"Incidence and clinical significance of anaerobic bacteremia in a community hospital","volume":"16","author":"Peraino","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"2022020118442056300_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e31815dca24","article-title":"Is anaerobic blood culture necessary? 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