{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T17:40:28Z","timestamp":1765993228652,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]],"date-time":"2019-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100013213","name":"ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100013213","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppressive drugs is imperative for organ transplant recipients. High-performance LC-MS\/MS is considered gold standard; however, immunoassays provide rapid turnaround time. New technology was developed to reduce mass spectrometry analytical run-time. The laser diode thermal desorption source coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LDTD-MS\/MS) eliminates chromatographic separation to increase analytical throughput.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A rapid, 6 second, LDTD-MS\/MS analytical method was developed for the quantification tacrolimus in whole blood. Whole blood samples were lysed, followed by protein precipitation and solid-phase extraction. Extracted samples with desorption solution were spotted onto a LazWell plate then dried and loaded into the LDTD source for analysis with an AB SCIEX 5500 mass spectrometer in positive multiple reaction monitoring mode. The LDTD laser profile ramps from 0% to 65% of full power over 3 s and is held at 65% for 1 s before returning to initial conditions for 2 s.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Data presented include tacrolimus by LDTD-MS\/MS comparison to LC-MS\/MS, sensitivity, imprecision, interference, linearity, and stability. Method comparison between LDTD-MS\/MS and a validated in-house LC-MS\/MS assay yielded the following: (LDTD-MS\/MS) = 1.119 (LC-MS\/MS) + 0.23 ng\/mL, Sy\/x = 1.26, r = 0.9871 (n = 122). The limit of quantification by LDTD-MS\/MS for tacrolimus was &amp;lt;0.3 ng\/mL and total imprecision was &amp;lt;10%.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Laser diode thermal desorption tandem mass spectrometry technology can provide rapid turnaround time to result for tacrolimus. The analytical time for LDTD-MS\/MS was 6 s compared to 135 s by LC-MS\/MS, a &amp;gt;95% decrease in analytical time.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1373\/jalm.2018.027243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,7]],"date-time":"2018-12-07T21:59:38Z","timestamp":1544219978000},"page":"965-973","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A 6 Second Analytical Method for Quantitation of Tacrolimus in Whole Blood by Use of Laser Diode Thermal Desorption Tandem Mass Spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Stephen D","family":"Merrigan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamisha L","family":"Johnson-Davis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ARUP Institute for Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Salt Lake City, UT"},{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022020118541630800_B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1067\/mcp.2002.129304","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in adult kidney transplant recipients","volume":"72","author":"Staatz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2022020118541630800_B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2011.06.024","article-title":"Therapeutic drug monitoring of tacrolimus by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: is it truly a routine test?","volume":"883\u2013884","author":"Taylor","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci"},{"key":"2022020118541630800_B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2005.08.040","article-title":"Tacrolimus (FK506) versus cyclosporine microemulsion (neoral) as maintenance immunosuppression therapy in kidney transplant recipients","volume":"37","author":"Abou-Jaoude","year":"2005","journal-title":"Transplant Proc"},{"key":"2022020118541630800_B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90124-H","article-title":"Calcineurin is a common target of cyclophilin-cyclosporin A and FKBP-FK506 complexes","volume":"66","author":"Liu","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2022020118541630800_B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9120(98)00046-0","article-title":"Role of immunophilins in therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppressive drugs","volume":"31","author":"Soldin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"key":"2022020118541630800_B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200544080-00001","article-title":"Sirolimus: the evidence for clinical pharmacokinetic monitoring","volume":"44","author":"Stenton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"2022020118541630800_B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0b013e318192304c","article-title":"Robust, high-throughput LC-MS\/MS method for therapeutic drug monitoring of cyclosporine, tacrolimus, everolimus, and sirolimus in whole blood","volume":"31","author":"Koster","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit"},{"article-title":"Disposition of toxic drugs and chemicals in man","year":"2014","author":"Baselt","key":"2022020118541630800_B8"},{"key":"2022020118541630800_B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0b013e31829f1ab8","article-title":"Population pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus in adult kidney transplant patients: impact of CYP3A5 genotype on starting dose","volume":"36","author":"Bergmann","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit"},{"key":"2022020118541630800_B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0000000000000139","article-title":"Performance of the new RapidFire system for therapeutic monitoring of immunosuppressants","volume":"37","author":"Grote-Koska","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit"},{"key":"2022020118541630800_B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2013.10.051","article-title":"Ultra-fast cyclosporin A quantitation in whole blood by Laser Diode Thermal Desorption-tandem mass spectrometry; 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