{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T01:41:31Z","timestamp":1792201291829,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":453,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]],"date-time":"2012-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328054400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,1]],"date-time":"2012-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1328054400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journal.chestnet.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,2,7]],"date-time":"2012-02-07T02:39:00Z","timestamp":1328582340000},"page":"e419S-e496S","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2974,"special_numbering":"S","title":["Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"141","author":[{"given":"Clive","family":"Kearon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elie A.","family":"Akl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony J.","family":"Comerota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Prandoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henri","family":"Bounameaux","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel Z.","family":"Goldhaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael E.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip S.","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael K.","family":"Gould","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Dentali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Crowther","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan R.","family":"Kahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2 suppl","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e24S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-2291","article-title":"Parenteral anticoagulants: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines","volume":"141","author":"Garcia","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2 suppl","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e44S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-2292","article-title":"Oral anticoagulant therapy: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines","volume":"141","author":"Ageno","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2 suppl","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e152S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-2295","article-title":"Evidence-based management of anticoagulant therapy: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines","volume":"141","author":"Holbrook","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2 suppl","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e691S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-2300","article-title":"VTE, thrombophilia, antithrombotic therapy, and pregnancy: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines","volume":"141","author":"Bates","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2 suppl","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e737S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-2308","article-title":"Antithrombotic therapy in neonates and children: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines","volume":"141","author":"Monagle","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"6 suppl","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-0658","article-title":"Antithrombotic therapy for venous thromboembolic disease: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines (8th Edition)","volume":"133","author":"Kearon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"23 suppl 1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib7","first-page":"I-22-I30","article-title":"Natural history of venous thromboembolism","volume":"107","author":"Kearon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2009.09.037","article-title":"Silent pulmonary embolism in patients with deep venous thrombosis: a systematic review","volume":"123","author":"Stein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1613230","article-title":"Comparison of outcomes after hospitalization for deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism","volume":"88","author":"Murin","year":"2002","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2436","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2010.04022.x","article-title":"Does the clinical presentation and extent of venous thrombosis predict likelihood and type of recurrence? A patient-level meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Baglin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.279.6.458","article-title":"Risk of fatal pulmonary embolism in patients with treated venous thromboembolism","volume":"279","author":"Douketis","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-152-9-201005040-00008","article-title":"Systematic review: case-fatality rates of recurrent venous thromboembolism and major bleeding events among patients treated for venous thromboembolism","volume":"152","author":"Carrier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2201","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2010.04016.x","article-title":"Intracranial and fatal bleeding according to indication for long-term oral anticoagulant therapy","volume":"8","author":"Linkins","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-139-11-200312020-00007","article-title":"Clinical impact of bleeding in patients taking oral anticoagulant therapy for venous thromboembolism: a meta-analysis","volume":"139","author":"Linkins","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"2 suppl","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-2290","article-title":"Patient values and preferences for decision making in antithrombotic therapy: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines","volume":"141","author":"MacLean","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2 suppl","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-2288","article-title":"Methodology for the development of antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis guidelines: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines","volume":"141","author":"Guyatt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1557","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1993.00410130073007","article-title":"Bleeding complications in oral anticoagulant therapy. An analysis of risk factors","volume":"153","author":"van der Meer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(98)00198-3","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of an index for predicting the risk of major bleeding in outpatients treated with warfarin","volume":"105","author":"Beyth","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.8.853","article-title":"Comparison of bleeding in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation treated with ximelagatran or warfarin: assessment of incidence, case-fatality rate, time course and sites of bleeding, and risk factors for bleeding","volume":"166","author":"Douketis","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.5.457","article-title":"Prediction of the risk of bleeding during anticoagulant treatment for venous thromboembolism","volume":"159","author":"Kuijer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(90)90174-C","article-title":"A bleeding risk index for estimating the probability of major bleeding in hospitalized patients starting anticoagulant therapy","volume":"89","author":"Landefeld","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"9025","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)01109-9","article-title":"Bleeding complications of oral anticoagulant treatment: an inception-cohort, prospective collaborative study (ISCOAT)","volume":"348","author":"Palareti","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.13.1527","article-title":"Risks of oral anticoagulant therapy with increasing age","volume":"165","author":"Torn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)00267-3","article-title":"Major bleeding after hospitalization for deep-venous thrombosis","volume":"107","author":"White","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2011.04378.x","article-title":"Bleeding risk in \u2018real world\u2019 patients with atrial fibrillation: comparison of two established bleeding prediction schemes in a nationwide cohort","volume":"9","author":"Olesen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-124-11-199606010-00004","article-title":"The risk for and severity of bleeding complications in elderly patients treated with warfarin","volume":"124","author":"Fihn","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2005.04.017","article-title":"Clinical classification schemes for predicting hemorrhage: results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation (NRAF)","volume":"151","author":"Gage","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.09.024","volume":"57","author":"Lip","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2367","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2006.02188.x","article-title":"Acute venous thromboembolism in patients with recent major bleeding. The influence of the site of bleeding and the time elapsed on outcome","volume":"4","author":"Nieto","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1160\/TH08-03-0193","article-title":"Predictive variables for major bleeding events in patients presenting with documented acute venous thromboembolism. Findings from the RIETE Registry","volume":"100","author":"Ru\u00edz-Gim\u00e9nez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1650514","article-title":"Assessment of a bleeding risk index in two cohorts of patients treated with oral anticoagulants","volume":"76","author":"van der Meer","year":"1996","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1615599","article-title":"Oral anticoagulant therapy in patients with nonrheumatic atrial fibrillation and risk of bleeding. A Multicenter Inception Cohort Study","volume":"85","author":"Pengo","year":"2001","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.03.031","article-title":"A new risk scheme to predict warfarin-associated hemorrhage: The ATRIA (Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation) Study","volume":"58","author":"Fang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1390","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.130.5.1390","article-title":"Development of a contemporary bleeding risk model for elderly warfarin recipients","volume":"130","author":"Shireman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-118-7-199304010-00005","article-title":"Risk factors for complications of chronic anticoagulation. A multicenter study","volume":"118","author":"Fihn","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2010.03852.x","article-title":"Fatal bleeding in patients receiving anticoagulant therapy for venous thromboembolism: findings from the RIETE registry","volume":"8","author":"Nieto","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3078","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2000.18.17.3078","article-title":"Incidence of recurrent thromboembolic and bleeding complications among patients with venous thromboembolism in relation to both malignancy and achieved international normalized ratio: a retrospective analysis","volume":"18","author":"Hutten","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3484","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-01-0108","article-title":"Recurrent venous thromboembolism and bleeding complications during anticoagulant treatment in patients with cancer and venous thrombosis","volume":"100","author":"Prandoni","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-120-11-199406010-00001","article-title":"Risk factors for intracranial hemorrhage in outpatients taking warfarin","volume":"120","author":"Hylek","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2010.03.016","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical history of incidental, asymptomatic pulmonary embolism: a meta-analysis","volume":"125","author":"Dentali","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199005033221802","article-title":"Heparin for 5 days as compared with 10 days in the initial treatment of proximal venous thrombosis","volume":"322","author":"Hull","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1160\/TH07-04-0297","article-title":"The risk of bleeding with warfarin: a systematic review and performance analysis of clinical prediction rules","volume":"98","author":"Dahri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib43","first-page":"268","article-title":"Bleeding with anticoagulation therapy-who is at risk, and how best to identify such patients","volume":"102","author":"Palareti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa035422","article-title":"Comparison of low-intensity warfarin therapy with conventional-intensity warfarin therapy for long-term prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism","volume":"349","author":"Kearon","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7058","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.313.7058.652","article-title":"Clinical effects of anticoagulant therapy in suspected acute myocardial infarction: systematic overview of randomised trials","volume":"313","author":"Collins","year":"1996","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.4.427","article-title":"Effects of reviparin, a low-molecular-weight heparin, on mortality, reinfarction, and strokes in patients with acute myocardial infarction presenting with ST-segment elevation","volume":"293","author":"Yusuf","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-125-1-199607010-00001","article-title":"The long-term clinical course of acute deep venous thrombosis","volume":"125","author":"Prandoni","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa054444","article-title":"D-dimer testing to determine the duration of anticoagulation therapy","volume":"355","author":"Palareti","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.8.917","article-title":"The outpatient bleeding risk index: validation of a tool for predicting bleeding rates in patients treated for deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism","volume":"163","author":"Wells","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"7138","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(60)92299-6","article-title":"Anticoagulant drugs in the treatment of pulmonary embolism. A controlled trial","volume":"1","author":"Barritt","year":"1960","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199211193272103","article-title":"Acenocoumarol and heparin compared with acenocoumarol alone in the initial treatment of proximal-vein thrombosis","volume":"327","author":"Brandjes","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198610303151801","article-title":"Continuous intravenous heparin compared with intermittent subcutaneous heparin in the initial treatment of proximal-vein thrombosis","volume":"315","author":"Hull","year":"1986","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-119-9-199311010-00002","article-title":"The weight-based heparin dosing nomogram compared with a \u201cstandard care\u201d nomogram. A randomized controlled trial","volume":"119","author":"Raschke","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2796.1998.00249.x","article-title":"A simple clinical model for the diagnosis of deep-vein thrombosis combined with impedance plethysmography: potential for an improvement in the diagnostic process","volume":"243","author":"Wells","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-144-3-200602070-00004","article-title":"Prediction of pulmonary embolism in the emergency department: the revised Geneva score","volume":"144","author":"Le Gal","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1613830","article-title":"Derivation of a simple clinical model to categorize patients probability of pulmonary embolism: increasing the models utility with the SimpliRED D-dimer","volume":"83","author":"Wells","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"2 suppl","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e351S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-2299","article-title":"Diagnosis of DVT: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines","volume":"141","author":"Bates","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.43","article-title":"Risk of deep vein thrombosis following a single negative whole-leg compression ultrasound: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"303","author":"Johnson","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.300.14.1653","article-title":"Serial 2-point ultrasonography plus D-dimer vs whole-leg color-coded Doppler ultrasonography for diagnosing suspected symptomatic deep vein thrombosis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"300","author":"Bernardi","year":"2008","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.disamonth.2010.06.011","article-title":"The case for managing calf vein thrombi with duplex surveillance and selective anticoagulation","volume":"56","author":"Masuda","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dis Mon"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib61","first-page":"1063","article-title":"Evolution of untreated calf deep-vein thrombosis in high risk symptomatic outpatients: the blind, prospective CALTHRO study","volume":"104","author":"Palareti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1160\/TH05-08-0588","article-title":"Clinical relevance of distal deep vein thrombosis. Review of literature data","volume":"95","author":"Righini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1067\/mva.2003.149","article-title":"Short-term natural history of isolated gastrocnemius and soleal vein thrombosis","volume":"37","author":"Macdonald","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib64","first-page":"68","article-title":"Isolated distal deep vein thrombosis: efficacy and safety of a protocol of treatment. Treatment of Isolated Calf Thrombosis (TICT) Study","volume":"28","author":"Parisi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int Angiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2010.05.094","article-title":"Therapy of isolated calf muscle vein thrombosis: a randomized, controlled study","volume":"52","author":"Schwarz","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"8454","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)90459-3","article-title":"Need for long-term anticoagulant treatment in symptomatic calf-vein thrombosis","volume":"2","author":"Lagerstedt","year":"1985","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8519","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)91431-5","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of warfarin started early after submassive venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism","volume":"2","author":"Gallus","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib68","first-page":"70","article-title":"Early versus delayed introduction of oral vitamin K antagonists in combination with low-molecular-weight heparin in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis. a randomized clinical trial","volume":"28","author":"Leroyer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Haemostasis"},{"issue":"2 suppl","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e495S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-2303","article-title":"Treatment and prevention of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines","volume":"141","author":"Linkins","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.10.1077","article-title":"Subcutaneous adjusted-dose unfractionated heparin vs fixed-dose low-molecular-weight heparin in the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism","volume":"164","author":"Prandoni","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.296.8.935","article-title":"Comparison of fixed-dose weight-adjusted unfractionated heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin for acute treatment of venous thromboembolism","volume":"296","author":"Kearon","year":"2006","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.2.181","article-title":"A meta-analysis comparing low-molecular-weight heparins with unfractionated heparin in the treatment of venous thromboembolism: examining some unanswered questions regarding location of treatment, product type, and dosing frequency","volume":"160","author":"Dolovich","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-130-10-199905180-00003","article-title":"Low-molecular-weight heparins compared with unfractionated heparin for treatment of acute deep venous thrombosis. A meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials","volume":"130","author":"Gould","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib74","first-page":"CD001100","article-title":"Lensing AW. Fixed dose subcutaneous low molecular weight heparins versus adjusted dose unfractionated heparin for venous thromboembolism","author":"van Dongen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib75","first-page":"CD001100","article-title":"Fixed dose subcutaneous low molecular weight heparins versus adjusted dose unfractionated heparin for venous thromboembolism","author":"Erkens","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib76","first-page":"197","article-title":"[A new treatment of deep venous thrombosis: low molecular weight heparin fractions. Randomized study]","volume":"17","author":"Faivre","year":"1988","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1656309","article-title":"Subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin versus subcutaneous unfractionated heparin in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis: a Polish multicenter trial","volume":"68","author":"Lopaciuk","year":"1992","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-140-11-200406010-00007","article-title":"Fondaparinux or enoxaparin for the initial treatment of symptomatic deep venous thrombosis: a randomized trial","volume":"140","author":"B\u00fcller","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1695","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa035451","article-title":"Subcutaneous fondaparinux versus intravenous unfractionated heparin in the initial treatment of pulmonary embolism","volume":"349","author":"B\u00fcller","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1616520","article-title":"Low molecular weight heparin administered once versus twice daily in patients with venous thromboembolism: a meta-analysis","volume":"86","author":"Couturaud","year":"2001","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib81","first-page":"CD003074","article-title":"Once versus twice daily LMWH for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism","author":"van Dongen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200103013440902","article-title":"Effects of a low-molecular-weight heparin on thrombus regression and recurrent thromboembolism in patients with deep-vein thrombosis","volume":"344","author":"Breddin","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1615089","article-title":"Comparison of a once daily with a twice daily subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin regimen in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis. FRAXODI group","volume":"79","author":"Charbonnier","year":"1998","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-3848(92)90257-B","article-title":"Fragmin once or twice daily subcutaneously in the treatment of deep venous thrombosis of the leg","volume":"67","author":"Holmostr\u00f6m","year":"1992","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-134-3-200102060-00009","article-title":"Subcutaneous enoxaparin once or twice daily compared with intravenous unfractionated heparin for treatment of venous thromboembolic disease","volume":"134","author":"Merli","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(96)70012-5","article-title":"Frequency of pulmonary embolism in patients who have iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis and are treated with once- or twice-daily low-molecular-weight heparin","volume":"24","author":"Partsch","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-3848(89)90307-1","article-title":"Subcutaneous treatment of deep venous thrombosis with low molecular weight heparin. A dose finding study with LMWH-Novo","volume":"55","author":"Siegbahn","year":"1989","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1007903","article-title":"Oral rivaroxaban for symptomatic venous thromboembolism","volume":"363","author":"Bauersachs","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.12.1769","article-title":"Clinical outcome and cost of hospital vs home treatment of proximal deep vein thrombosis with a low-molecular-weight heparin: the Vascular Midi-Pyrenees study","volume":"160","author":"Boccalon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-005-1848-x","article-title":"Once-daily enoxaparin in the outpatient setting versus unfractionated heparin in hospital for the treatment of symptomatic deep-vein thrombosis","volume":"19","author":"Chong","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2004.02.029","article-title":"Long-term treatment of deep venous thrombosis with a low molecular weight heparin (tinzaparin): a prospective randomized trial","volume":"29","author":"Daskalopoulos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199603143341102","article-title":"Treatment of venous thrombosis with intravenous unfractionated heparin administered in the hospital as compared with subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin administered at home","volume":"334","author":"Koopman","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199603143341101","article-title":"A comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin administered primarily at home with unfractionated heparin administered in the hospital for proximal deep-vein thrombosis","volume":"334","author":"Levine","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2004.05.009","article-title":"An open-label, comparative study of the efficacy and safety of once-daily dose of enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin in the treatment of proximal lower limb deep-vein thrombosis","volume":"114","author":"Ramacciotti","year":"2004","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1080\/02813430310003543","article-title":"Deep venous thrombosis: a new task for primary health care. A randomised economic study of outpatient and inpatient treatment","volume":"22","author":"B\u00e4ckman","year":"2004","journal-title":"Scand J Prim Health Care"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2298","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.19.2298","article-title":"Economic evaluation of outpatient treatment with low-molecular-weight heparin for proximal vein thrombosis","volume":"159","author":"O'Brien","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"1 suppl","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib97","first-page":"S10","article-title":"Outpatient treatment of venous thromboembolism with low-molecular-weight heparin: an economic evaluation","volume":"8","author":"Huse","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Manag Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.122.1.108","article-title":"Management of acute proximal deep vein thrombosis: pharmacoeconomic evaluation of outpatient treatment with enoxaparin vs inpatient treatment with unfractionated heparin","volume":"122","author":"Spyropoulos","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2926","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.19.2926","article-title":"Effectiveness and economic impact associated with a program for outpatient management of acute deep vein thrombosis in a group model health maintenance organization","volume":"160","author":"Tillman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib100","first-page":"931","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of low-molecular-weight heparin and unfractionated heparin in treatment of deep vein thrombosis","volume":"159","author":"Rodger","year":"1998","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1614975","article-title":"Replacing inpatient care by outpatient care in the treatment of deep venous thrombosis\u2014an economic evaluation","volume":"79","author":"van den Belt","year":"1998","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-149-10-200811180-00004","article-title":"Determinants and time course of the postthrombotic syndrome after acute deep venous thrombosis","volume":"149","author":"Kahn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib103","first-page":"316","article-title":"Endovenous therapy for deep venous thrombosis: the TORPEDO trial","volume":"76","author":"Sharifi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Catheter Cardiovasc Interv"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1788","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e318214914f","volume":"123","author":"Jaff","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1053\/ejvs.2002.1665","article-title":"Early results of thrombolysis vs anticoagulation in iliofemoral venous thrombosis. A randomised clinical trial","volume":"24","author":"Elsharawy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2009.03464.x","article-title":"Catheter-directed thrombolysis vs. anticoagulant therapy alone in deep vein thrombosis: results of an open randomized, controlled trial reporting on short-term patency","volume":"7","author":"Enden","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2007.07.010","article-title":"Catheter-directed venous thrombolysis in acute iliofemoral vein thrombosis\u2014the CaVenT study: rationale and design of a multicenter, randomized, controlled, clinical trial (NCT00251771)","volume":"154","author":"Enden","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3431","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.22.3431","article-title":"Clinical risk factors and timing of recurrent venous thromboembolism during the initial 3 months of anticoagulant therapy","volume":"160","author":"Douketis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1067\/mva.2000.105664","article-title":"Catheter-directed thrombolysis for iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis improves health-related quality of life","volume":"32","author":"Comerota","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.31.8.1802","article-title":"Intracranial hemorrhage associated with thrombolytic therapy for elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction: results from the Cooperative Cardiovascular Project","volume":"31","author":"Brass","year":"2000","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2010.07.028","article-title":"Race, Bleeding, and Outcomes in STEMI Patients Treated with Fibrinolytic Therapy","volume":"124","author":"Mehta","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"8893","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91161-4","volume":"343","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1177\/1358863X10380304","article-title":"Fibrinolysis for acute pulmonary embolism","volume":"15","author":"Piazza","year":"2010","journal-title":"Vasc Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-2125","article-title":"Thrombolytic therapy for acute pulmonary embolism: a critical appraisal","volume":"135","author":"Todd","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S1051-0443(07)61823-5","article-title":"Percutaneous AngioJet thrombectomy in the management of extensive deep venous thrombosis","volume":"12","author":"Kasirajan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/S1051-0443(07)61864-8","article-title":"Lower extremity venous thrombolysis with adjunctive mechanical thrombectomy","volume":"13","author":"Vedantham","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1007\/s002700001658","article-title":"Mechanical thrombectomy in patients with deep venous thrombosis","volume":"24","author":"Delomez","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1016\/S1051-0443(07)61355-4","article-title":"Pulmonary embolism from pulse-spray pharmacomechanical thrombolysis of clotted hemodialysis grafts: urokinase versus heparinized saline","volume":"11","author":"Kinney","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1978.tb14908.x","article-title":"A prospective study of streptokinase and heparin in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis","volume":"203","author":"Arnesen","year":"1978","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1982.tb01904.x","article-title":"Streptokinase of heparin in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis. Follow-up results of a prospective study","volume":"211","author":"Arnesen","year":"1982","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"issue":"5620","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.3.5620.717","article-title":"Streptokinase and deep vein thrombosis","volume":"3","author":"Browse","year":"1968","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"5956","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5956.479","article-title":"Treatment of deep vein thrombosis with streptokinase","volume":"1","author":"Duckert","year":"1975","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800661203","article-title":"A comparative randomized trial of heparin versus streptokinase in the treatment of acute proximal venous thrombosis: an interim report of a prospective trial","volume":"66","author":"Elliot","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(90)90148-7","article-title":"Randomized controlled trial of tissue plasminogen activator in proximal deep venous thrombosis","volume":"88","author":"Goldhaber","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"5647","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5647.806","article-title":"Treatment of deep vein thrombosis. A trial of heparin, streptokinase, and arvin","volume":"1","author":"Kakkar","year":"1969","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib126","first-page":"529","article-title":"Urokinase or heparin in the management of patients with deep vein thrombosis?","volume":"147","author":"Kiil","year":"1981","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2004.06.007","article-title":"Preservation of venous valve function after catheter-directed and systemic thrombolysis for deep venous thrombosis","volume":"28","author":"Laiho","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib128","first-page":"1018","article-title":"Quantitative venographic assessment of deep vein thrombosis in the evaluation of streptokinase and heparin therapy","volume":"89","author":"Marder","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib129","first-page":"511","article-title":"Comparison of heparin and streptokinase in the treatment of venous thrombosis","volume":"41","author":"Porter","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib130","first-page":"203","article-title":"Value of streptokinase and heparin in treatment of acute deep venous thrombosis. A coded investigation","volume":"134","author":"Robertson","year":"1968","journal-title":"Acta Chir Scand"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1986.tb03323.x","article-title":"Long-term sequelae of calf vein thrombosis treated with heparin or low-dose streptokinase","volume":"219","author":"Schulman","year":"1986","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib132","first-page":"167","article-title":"Comparative results of thrombolysis treatment with rt-PA and urokinase: a pilot study","volume":"27","author":"Schweizer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Vasa"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)00863-9","article-title":"Short- and long-term results after thrombolytic treatment of deep venous thrombosis","volume":"36","author":"Schweizer","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib134","first-page":"973","article-title":"Controlled study of thrombolytic therapy in deep vein thrombosis","volume":"74","author":"Tsapogas","year":"1973","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"4 suppl","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib135","first-page":"172S","article-title":"Tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) vs heparin in deep vein thrombosis. Results of a randomized trial","volume":"97","author":"Turpie","year":"1990","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-3848(89)90451-9","article-title":"Multicenter pilot study of the efficacy and safety of systemic rt-PA administration in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities and\/or pelvis","volume":"55","author":"Verhaeghe","year":"1989","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1979.tb06050.x","article-title":"Rapid thrombolysis and preservation of valvular venous function in high deep vein thrombosis. A comparative study between streptokinase and heparin therapy","volume":"205","author":"Watz","year":"1979","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib138","first-page":"CD002783","article-title":"Thrombolysis for acute deep vein thrombosis","author":"Watson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1177\/000331977602701105","article-title":"Deep vein thrombosis treated with streptokinase or heparin. Follow-up of a randomized study","volume":"27","author":"Common","year":"1976","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2005.09.036","article-title":"Technique of contemporary iliofemoral and infrainguinal venous thrombectomy","volume":"43","author":"Comerota","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib141","first-page":"147","article-title":"Recurrent thrombosis after iliofemoral venous thrombectomy","volume":"17","author":"Karp","year":"1966","journal-title":"Surg Forum"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-196810000-00009","article-title":"Five-year follow-up study of iliofemoral venous thrombectomy","volume":"168","author":"Lansing","year":"1968","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/S0950-821X(05)80788-1","article-title":"Long-term results of venous thrombectomy combined with a temporary arterio-venous fistula","volume":"4","author":"Plate","year":"1990","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(84)90019-3","article-title":"Thrombectomy with temporary arteriovenous fistula: the treatment of choice in acute iliofemoral venous thrombosis","volume":"1","author":"Plate","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/S1078-5884(97)80286-9","article-title":"Venous thrombectomy for iliofemoral vein thrombosis\u201410-year results of a prospective randomised study","volume":"14","author":"Plate","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199802123380701","article-title":"A clinical trial of vena caval filters in the prevention of pulmonary embolism in patients with proximal deep-vein thrombosis. Pr\u00e9vention du Risque d'Embolie Pulmonaire par Interruption Cave Study Group","volume":"338","author":"Decousus","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06-0631","article-title":"A prospective long-term study of 220 patients with a retrievable vena cava filter for secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism","volume":"131","author":"Mismetti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.216.1.r00jl1254","article-title":"Inferior vena caval filters: review of a 26-year single-center clinical experience","volume":"216","author":"Athanasoulis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib149","first-page":"969","article-title":"D-dimer levels in combination with residual venous obstruction and the risk of recurrence after anticoagulation withdrawal for a first idiopathic deep vein thrombosis","volume":"94","author":"Cosmi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3669","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V95.12.3669.012k49_3669_3677","article-title":"Vena caval filters: a comprehensive review","volume":"95","author":"Streiff","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-1533","article-title":"Vena cava filter occlusion and venous thromboembolism risk in persistently anticoagulated patients: a prospective, observational cohort study","volume":"137","author":"Hajduk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2008.03.022","article-title":"Postthrombotic syndrome in relation to vena cava filter placement: a systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Fox","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2010.02.280","article-title":"Prospective randomized study comparing the clinical outcomes between inferior vena cava Greenfield and TrapEase filters","volume":"52","author":"Usoh","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.316","article-title":"Prevalence of fracture and fragment embolization of Bard retrievable vena cava filters and clinical implications including cardiac perforation and tamponade","volume":"170","author":"Nicholson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2010.08.024","article-title":"Retrievable inferior vena cava filters are not getting retrieved: where is the gap?","volume":"126","author":"Dabbagh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2008.06.020","article-title":"A meta-analysis of bed rest versus early ambulation in the management of pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis, or both","volume":"137","author":"Aissaoui","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2007.10.011","article-title":"Physical activity in patients with deep venous thrombosis: a systematic review","volume":"122","author":"Kahn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197910183011602","article-title":"Warfarin sodium versus low-dose heparin in the long-term treatment of venous thrombosis","volume":"301","author":"Hull","year":"1979","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1649783","article-title":"Optimal duration of oral anticoagulant therapy: a randomized trial comparing four weeks with three months of warfarin in patients with proximal deep vein thrombosis","volume":"74","author":"Levine","year":"1995","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"8824","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)93285-U","article-title":"Optimum duration of anticoagulation for deep-vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism","volume":"340","author":"Research Committee of the British Thoracic Society","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199702063360601","article-title":"The duration of oral anticoagulant therapy after a second episode of venous thromboembolism","volume":"336","author":"Schulman","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9383","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14111-6","article-title":"Incidence of recurrent venous thromboembolism in relation to clinical and thrombophilic risk factors: prospective cohort study","volume":"362","author":"Baglin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2352","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.293.19.2352","article-title":"Thrombophilia, clinical factors, and recurrent venous thrombotic events","volume":"293","author":"Christiansen","year":"2005","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib164","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.6.769","article-title":"Recurrent venous thromboembolism after deep vein thrombosis: incidence and risk factors","volume":"160","author":"Hansson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.6.761","article-title":"Predictors of recurrence after deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a population-based cohort study","volume":"160","author":"Heit","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib166","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1612936","article-title":"Risk of venous thromboembolism recurrence: high negative predictive value of D-dimer performed after oral anticoagulation is stopped","volume":"87","author":"Palareti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2453","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.20.2453","article-title":"Comparison of 3 and 6 months of oral anticoagulant therapy after a first episode of proximal deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism and comparison of 6 and 12 weeks of therapy after isolated calf deep vein thrombosis","volume":"103","author":"Pinede","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib168","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1648837","article-title":"Low molecular weight heparin versus warfarin in the prevention of recurrences after deep vein thrombosis","volume":"72","author":"Pini","year":"1994","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib169","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199506223322501","article-title":"A comparison of six weeks with six months of oral anticoagulant therapy after a first episode of venous thromboembolism","volume":"332","author":"Schulman","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d3036","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d3036","article-title":"Influence of preceding duration of anticoagulant treatment and initial presentation of venous thromboembolism on risk of recurrence after stopping therapy: analysis of individual participants' data from seven trials","volume":"342","author":"Boutitie","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib171","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1710","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.367","article-title":"Risk of recurrence after a first episode of symptomatic venous thromboembolism provoked by a transient risk factor: a systematic review","volume":"170","author":"Iorio","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib172","first-page":"805","article-title":"A comparison of the safety and efficacy of oral anticoagulation for the treatment of venous thromboembolic disease in patients with or without malignancy","volume":"84","author":"Palareti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib173","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa025313","article-title":"Low-molecular-weight heparin versus a coumarin for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer","volume":"349","author":"Lee","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib174","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa035029","article-title":"Long-term, low-intensity warfarin therapy for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism","volume":"348","author":"Ridker","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa030104","article-title":"Secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism with the oral direct thrombin inhibitor ximelagatran","volume":"349","author":"Schulman","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib176","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.8.1071","article-title":"D-dimer levels and risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism","volume":"290","author":"Eichinger","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib177","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000079162.69615.0F","article-title":"Predictive value of D-dimer test for recurrent venous thromboembolism after anticoagulation withdrawal in subjects with a previous idiopathic event and in carriers of congenital thrombophilia","volume":"108","author":"Palareti","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib178","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2006.01935.x","article-title":"D-dimer, factor VIII coagulant activity, low-intensity warfarin and the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism","volume":"4","author":"Shrivastava","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib179","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2009-08-237354","article-title":"Usefulness of repeated D-dimer testing after stopping anticoagulation for a first episode of unprovoked venous thromboembolism: the PROLONG II prospective study","volume":"115","author":"Cosmi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-153-8-201010190-00009","article-title":"Patient-level meta-analysis: effect of measurement timing, threshold, and patient age on ability of D-dimer testing to assess recurrence risk after unprovoked venous thromboembolism","volume":"153","author":"Douketis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib181","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-149-7-200810070-00008","article-title":"Systematic review: D-dimer to predict recurrent disease after stopping anticoagulant therapy for unprovoked venous thromboembolism","volume":"149","author":"Verhovsek","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib182","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199903253401201","article-title":"A comparison of three months of anticoagulation with extended anticoagulation for a first episode of idiopathic venous thromboembolism","volume":"340","author":"Kearon","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2006.01795.x","article-title":"Post-thrombotic syndrome, recurrence, and death 10 years after the first episode of venous thromboembolism treated with warfarin for 6 weeks or 6 months","volume":"4","author":"Schulman","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib184","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(98)00060-6","article-title":"Anticardiolipin antibodies predict early recurrence of thromboembolism and death among patients with venous thromboembolism following anticoagulant therapy","volume":"104","author":"Schulman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.080493","article-title":"Identifying unprovoked thromboembolism patients at low risk for recurrence who can discontinue anticoagulant therapy","volume":"179","author":"Rodger","year":"2008","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib186","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1656023","article-title":"The risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with and without factor V Leiden","volume":"77","author":"Eichinger","year":"1997","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib187","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.7.729","article-title":"Risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with common thrombophilia: a systematic review","volume":"166","author":"Ho","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib188","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1614554","article-title":"The risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism in carriers and non-carriers of the G1691A allele in the coagulation factor V gene and the G20210A allele in the prothrombin gene. DURAC Trial Study Group. Duration of Anticoagulation","volume":"81","author":"Lindmarker","year":"1999","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib189","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2472","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.853","article-title":"Predictive value of factor V Leiden and prothrombin G20210A in adults with venous thromboembolism and in family members of those with a mutation: a systematic review","volume":"301","author":"Segal","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4432","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-06-163279","article-title":"Influence of thrombophilia on risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism while on warfarin: results from a randomized trial","volume":"112","author":"Kearon","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"9533","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib191","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69110-1","article-title":"Effect of patient's sex on risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism: a meta-analysis","volume":"368","author":"McRae","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib192","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d813","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d813","article-title":"Risk of recurrence after venous thromboembolism in men and women: patient level meta-analysis","volume":"342","author":"Douketis","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib193","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-128-9-199805010-00006","article-title":"Incidence of idiopathic deep venous thrombosis and secondary thromboembolism among ethnic groups in California","volume":"128","author":"White","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib194","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-139-1-200307010-00008","article-title":"Extended oral anticoagulant therapy after a first episode of pulmonary embolism","volume":"139","author":"Agnelli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1538-7836.2004.00698.x","article-title":"Comparison of 1 month with 3 months of anticoagulation for a first episode of venous thromboembolism associated with a transient risk factor","volume":"2","author":"Kearon","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib196","first-page":"515","article-title":"Normalization rates of compression ultrasonography in patients with a first episode of deep vein thrombosis of the lower limbs: association with recurrence and new thrombosis","volume":"87","author":"Piovella","year":"2002","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib197","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-137-12-200212170-00008","article-title":"Residual venous thrombosis as a predictive factor of recurrent venous thromboembolism","volume":"137","author":"Prandoni","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib198","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2011.04254.x","article-title":"Residual vein obstruction to predict the risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with deep vein thrombosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"9","author":"Carrier","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib199","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.925214","article-title":"Risk assessment of recurrence in patients with unprovoked deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism: the Vienna prediction model","volume":"121","author":"Eichinger","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2671","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2005.01648.x","article-title":"The post-thrombotic syndrome: risk factors and impact on the course of thrombotic disease","volume":"3","author":"Stain","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"9054","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib201","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)12215-7","article-title":"Randomised trial of effect of compression stockings in patients with symptomatic proximal-vein thrombosis","volume":"349","author":"Brandjes","year":"1997","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib202","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-141-4-200408170-00004","article-title":"Below-knee elastic compression stockings to prevent the post-thrombotic syndrome: a randomized, controlled trial","volume":"141","author":"Prandoni","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"7595","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib203","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39098.583356.55","article-title":"Anticoagulation for three versus six months in patients with deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, or both: randomised trial","volume":"334","author":"Campbell","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib204","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200107193450302","article-title":"Three months versus one year of oral anticoagulant therapy for idiopathic deep venous thrombosis","volume":"345","author":"Agnelli","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-01-131656","article-title":"Residual vein thrombosis to establish duration of anticoagulation after a first episode of deep vein thrombosis: the Duration of Anticoagulation based on Compression UltraSonography (DACUS) study","volume":"112","author":"Siragusa","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib206","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00003","article-title":"Residual thrombosis on ultrasonography to guide the duration of anticoagulation in patients with deep venous thrombosis: a randomized trial","volume":"150","author":"Prandoni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib207","first-page":"848","article-title":"Anticoagulation period in idiopathic venous thromboembolism. How long is enough?","volume":"25","author":"Farraj","year":"2004","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib208","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.10516","article-title":"The risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism after discontinuing anticoagulation in patients with acute proximal deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. A prospective cohort study in 1,626 patients","volume":"92","author":"Prandoni","year":"2007","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib209","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2005.01333.x","article-title":"Relation between quality of anticoagulant treatment and the development of the postthrombotic syndrome","volume":"3","author":"van Dongen","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib210","first-page":"1336","article-title":"Treatment of venous thromboembolism with vitamin K antagonists: patients' health state valuations and treatment preferences","volume":"92","author":"Locadia","year":"2004","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib211","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2006.03.030","article-title":"Self-managed long-term low-molecular-weight heparin therapy: the balance of benefits and harms","volume":"120","author":"Hull","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib212","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1995.00430100053006","article-title":"Long-term outcomes of deep-vein thrombosis","volume":"155","author":"Beyth","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib213","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2008.12.023","article-title":"Home therapy of venous thrombosis with long-term LMWH versus usual care: patient satisfaction and post-thrombotic syndrome","volume":"122","author":"Hull","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib214","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.1.17","article-title":"Relationship between deep venous thrombosis and the postthrombotic syndrome","volume":"164","author":"Kahn","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198201283060401","article-title":"Adjusted subcutaneous heparin versus warfarin sodium in the long-term treatment of venous thrombosis","volume":"306","author":"Hull","year":"1982","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib216","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1642376","article-title":"Comparison of subcutaneous unfractionated heparin with a low molecular weight heparin (Fragmin) in patients with venous thromboembolism and contraindications to coumarin","volume":"71","author":"Monreal","year":"1994","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib217","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa064247","article-title":"Idraparinux versus standard therapy for venous thromboembolic disease","volume":"357","author":"Buller","year":"2007","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib218","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1538-7836.2003.00364.x","article-title":"Low-molecular-weight heparin for the long-term treatment of symptomatic venous thromboembolism: meta-analysis of the randomized comparisons with oral anticoagulants","volume":"1","author":"Iorio","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib219","first-page":"CD002001","article-title":"Prins MH Vitamin K antagonists or low-molecular-weight heparin for the long term treatment of symptomatic venous thromboembolism","author":"van der Heijden","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib221","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(99)70139-4","article-title":"Venographic comparison of subcutaneous low-molecular weight heparin with oral anticoagulant therapy in the long-term treatment of deep venous thrombosis","volume":"30","author":"Gonzalez-Fajardo","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib222","first-page":"449a","article-title":"Long-term low molecular weight heparin treatment versus oral anticoagulant therapy for proximal deep vein thrombosis [abstract]","volume":"96","author":"Hull","year":"2000","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib223","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1614412","article-title":"Low molecular weight heparin versus acenocoumarol in the secondary prophylaxis of deep vein thrombosis","volume":"81","author":"Lopaciuk","year":"1999","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib224","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1067\/mva.2001.109336","article-title":"Low molecular weight heparin versus oral anticoagulants in the long-term treatment of deep venous thrombosis","volume":"33","author":"L\u00f3pez-Beret","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib225","first-page":"559","article-title":"Low molecular weight heparin (enoxaparin) versus oral anticoagulant therapy (acenocoumarol) in the long-term treatment of deep venous thrombosis in the elderly: a randomized trial","volume":"84","author":"Veiga","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib226","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1177\/1076029606293692","article-title":"Secondary prevention of venous thromboembolic events in patients with active cancer: enoxaparin alone versus initial enoxaparin followed by warfarin for a 180-day period","volume":"12","author":"Deitcher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Appl Thromb Hemost"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib227","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.15.1729","article-title":"Comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin and warfarin for the secondary prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer: a randomized controlled study","volume":"162","author":"Meyer","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib228","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejvs.2008.11.030","article-title":"A randomised open-label trial comparing long-term sub-cutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin compared with oral-anticoagulant therapy in the treatment of deep venous thrombosis","volume":"37","author":"Romera","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib229","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-10-053736","article-title":"Trousseau's syndrome: multiple definitions and multiple mechanisms","volume":"110","author":"Varki","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"2 suppl","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e278S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-2404","article-title":"Prevention of VTE in orthopedic surgery patients: antithrombotic therapy and prevention of thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians evidence-based clinical practice guidelines","volume":"141","author":"Falck-Ytter","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib231","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-127-6-199709150-00004","article-title":"Ultrasonographic screening before hospital discharge for deep venous thrombosis after arthroplasty: the post-arthroplasty screening study. A randomized, controlled trial","volume":"127","author":"Robinson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib232","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/S0268-960X(02)00008-5","article-title":"The post-thrombotic syndrome: current knowledge, controversies, and directions for future research","volume":"16","author":"Kahn","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood Rev"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib233","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2105","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.161.17.2105","article-title":"Prevention and treatment of postphlebitic syndrome: results of a 3-part study","volume":"161","author":"Ginsberg","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib234","first-page":"206","article-title":"Immediate mobilisation in acute vein thrombosis reduces post-thrombotic syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Partsch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int Angiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2008.01.008","article-title":"Effect of prolonged treatment with compression stockings to prevent post-thrombotic sequelae: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"47","author":"Aschwanden","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib236","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-008-0229-7","article-title":"Multilayer compression bandaging in the acute phase of deep-vein thrombosis has no effect on the development of the post-thrombotic syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Roumen-Klappe","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib237","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2010.01.089","article-title":"Individually tailored duration of elastic compression therapy in relation to incidence of the postthrombotic syndrome","volume":"52","author":"Ten Cate-Hoek","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib238","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1616166","article-title":"Elastic stockings, hydroxyethylrutosides or both for the treatment of post-thrombotic syndrome","volume":"93","author":"Frulla","year":"2005","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib239","first-page":"1303","article-title":"Intermittent compression units for severe post-phlebitic syndrome: a randomized crossover study","volume":"160","author":"Ginsberg","year":"1999","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1160\/TH07-09-0546","article-title":"Evaluation of a venous-return assist device to treat severe post-thrombotic syndrome (VENOPTS). A randomized controlled trial","volume":"99","author":"O'Donnell","year":"2008","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib241","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200363010-00005","article-title":"Micronised purified flavonoid fraction: a review of its use in chronic venous insufficiency, venous ulcers and haemorrhoids","volume":"63","author":"Lyseng-Williamson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib242","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1053\/ejvs.1998.0751","article-title":"Endothelial activation response to oral micronised flavonoid therapy in patients with chronic venous disease\u2014a prospective study","volume":"17","author":"Shoab","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib243","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1651011","article-title":"A double blind three center clinical trial on the short-term efficacy of 0-(beta-hydroxyethyl)-rutosides in patients with post-thrombotic syndrome","volume":"62","author":"de Jongste","year":"1989","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib244","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/026835559400900111","article-title":"A prospective study of the long-term efficacy of two different venoactive drugs in patients with post-thrombotic syndrome","volume":"9","author":"Monreal","year":"1994","journal-title":"Phlebology"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib245","first-page":"254","article-title":"Duration of hospital stay in patients with pulmonary venous thromboembolism: a randomized comparison of unfractionated heparinversus low molecular weight heparin [Abstract]","volume":"53","author":"Campbell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib246","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1647660","article-title":"A randomised trial of subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin (CY 216) compared with intravenous unfractionated heparin in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis. A collaborative European multicentre study","volume":"65","author":"Duroux","year":"1991","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib247","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199204093261502","article-title":"Subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin compared with continuous intravenous heparin in the treatment of proximal-vein thrombosis","volume":"326","author":"Hull","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib248","first-page":"135","article-title":"Efficacy of a low molecular weight heparin administered intravenously or subcutaneously in comparison with intravenous unfractionated heparin in the treatment of deep venous thrombosis","volume":"17","author":"Kirchmaier","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int Angiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib249","first-page":"974","article-title":"Randomized comparison of LMWH versus standard heparin in the initial treatment of pulmonary embolism [Abstract]","volume":"73","author":"Kuijer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1649960","article-title":"Subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin fragmin versus intravenous unfractionated heparin in the treatment of acute non massive pulmonary embolism: an open randomized pilot study","volume":"74","author":"Meyer","year":"1995","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib251","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-2896(03)75401-5","article-title":"Multicenter, prospective study comparing enoxaparin with unfractionated heparin in the treatment of submassive pulmonary thromboembolism [in Spanish]","volume":"39","author":"P\u00e9rez de Llano","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Bronconeumol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib252","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199709043371002","article-title":"A comparison of low-molecular-weight heparin with unfractionated heparin for acute pulmonary embolism. The THESEE Study Group. Tinzaparine ou Heparine Standard: Evaluations dans l'Embolie Pulmonaire","volume":"337","author":"Simonneau","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib253","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199709043371001","article-title":"Low-molecular-weight heparin in the treatment of patients with","volume":"337","author":"The Columbus Investigators","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib254","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1380","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.85.4.1380","article-title":"Randomized trial of subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin CY 216 (Fraxiparine) compared with intravenous unfractionated heparin in the curative treatment of submassive pulmonary embolism. A dose-ranging study","volume":"85","author":"Th\u00e9ry","year":"1992","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-140-3-200402030-00008","article-title":"Low-molecular-weight heparin compared with intravenous unfractionated heparin for treatment of pulmonary embolism: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials","volume":"140","author":"Quinlan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib256","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2009.09.026","article-title":"Home treatment in pulmonary embolism","volume":"126","author":"Otero","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"9785","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib257","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60824-6","article-title":"Outpatient versus inpatient treatment for patients with acute pulmonary embolism: an international, open-label, randomised, non-inferiority trial","volume":"378","author":"Aujesky","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib258","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1157\/13111348","article-title":"[A clinical prediction rule for identifying short-term risk of adverse events in patients with pulmonary thromboembolism]","volume":"43","author":"Uresandi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Bronconeumol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib259","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1614065","article-title":"Predicting adverse outcome in patients with acute pulmonary embolism: a risk score","volume":"84","author":"Wicki","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200506-862OC","article-title":"Derivation and validation of a prognostic model for pulmonary embolism","volume":"172","author":"Aujesky","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib261","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.06-2921","article-title":"Prognostic models for selecting patients with acute pulmonary embolism for initial outpatient therapy","volume":"132","author":"Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib262","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2010.199","article-title":"Simplification of the pulmonary embolism severity index for prognostication in patients with acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism","volume":"170","author":"Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib263","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2010.03836.x","article-title":"Validation of a clinical algorithm to identify low-risk patients with pulmonary embolism","volume":"8","author":"Jakobsson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib264","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1509","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2010.03888.x","article-title":"The validation and reproducibility of the pulmonary embolism severity index","volume":"8","author":"Chan","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2009.03725.x","article-title":"Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index and troponin testing for the selection of low-risk patients with acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism","volume":"8","author":"Moores","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1160\/TH10-07-0426","article-title":"The inter-rater reliability of the Pulmonary Embolism Severity Index","volume":"104","author":"Fraga","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib267","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00133608","article-title":"Outpatient treatment and early discharge of symptomatic pulmonary embolism: a systematic review","volume":"33","author":"Squizzato","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib268","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2412","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2010.04041.x","article-title":"Safety of outpatient treatment in acute pulmonary embolism","volume":"8","author":"Erkens","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib269","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2406","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2010.03981.x","article-title":"Ambulatory management of pulmonary embolism: a pragmatic evaluation","volume":"8","author":"Kovacs","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2011.04388.x","article-title":"Outpatient treatment in patients with acute pulmonary embolism: the Hestia Study","volume":"9","author":"Zondag","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib271","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2010.03831.x","article-title":"Out of hospital treatment of acute pulmonary embolism in patients with a low NT-proBNP level","volume":"8","author":"Agterof","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib272","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2404","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2010.04055.x","article-title":"Fifty per cent of patients with pulmonary embolism can be treated as outpatients","volume":"8","author":"Baglin","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib273","first-page":"CD004437","article-title":"Wu T Thrombolytic treatment for pulmonary embolism","author":"Dong","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib274","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.121.3.877","article-title":"Major pulmonary embolism: review of a pathophysiologic approach to the golden hour of hemodynamically significant pulmonary embolism","volume":"121","author":"Wood","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.65.5.534","article-title":"Determinants of right ventricular function and hemodynamics after pulmonary embolism","volume":"65","author":"McIntyre","year":"1974","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"9162","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib276","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07534-5","article-title":"Acute pulmonary embolism: clinical outcomes in the International Cooperative Pulmonary Embolism Registry (ICOPER)","volume":"353","author":"Goldhaber","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib277","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.726232","article-title":"Clinical predictors for fatal pulmonary embolism in 15,520 patients with venous thromboembolism: findings from the Registro Informatizado de la Enfermedad TromboEmbolica venosa (RIETE) Registry","volume":"117","author":"Laporte","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib278","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.05.071","article-title":"Clinical characteristics, management, and outcomes of patients diagnosed with acute pulmonary embolism in the emergency department: initial report of EMPEROR (Multicenter Emergency Medicine Pulmonary Embolism in the Real World Registry)","volume":"57","author":"Pollack","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib279","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200906-0970OC","article-title":"Prognostic factors for pulmonary embolism: the prep study, a prospective multicenter cohort study","volume":"181","author":"Sanchez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.592592","article-title":"Massive pulmonary embolism","volume":"113","author":"Kucher","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib281","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2276","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn310","article-title":"Guidelines on the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary embolism: the Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Acute Pulmonary Embolism of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)","volume":"29","author":"Torbicki","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib282","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2005.01189.x","article-title":"The incidence and prognostic significance of elevated cardiac troponins in patients with submassive pulmonary embolism","volume":"3","author":"Douketis","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib283","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.566182","article-title":"Risk stratification in pulmonary embolism based on biomarkers and echocardiography","volume":"112","author":"Giannitsis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib284","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000028422.51668.A2","article-title":"Importance of cardiac troponins I and T in risk stratification of patients with acute pulmonary embolism","volume":"106","author":"Konstantinides","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2005.03.062","article-title":"Prognostic significance of troponin elevation and right ventricular enlargement in acute pulmonary embolism","volume":"96","author":"Scridon","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib286","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.680421","article-title":"Prognostic value of troponins in acute pulmonary embolism: a meta-analysis","volume":"116","author":"Becattini","year":"2007","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib287","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq234","article-title":"Highly sensitive troponin T assay in normotensive patients with acute pulmonary embolism","volume":"31","author":"Lankeit","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib288","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2008.110965","article-title":"Natriuretic peptides and troponins in pulmonary embolism: a meta-analysis","volume":"64","author":"Lega","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib289","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2009.03345.x","article-title":"Risk stratification and outcomes in hemodynamically stable patients with acute pulmonary embolism: a prospective, multicentre, cohort study with three months of follow-up","volume":"7","author":"Bova","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2010.03.071","article-title":"Outcome in stable patients with acute pulmonary embolism who had right ventricular enlargement and\/or elevated levels of troponin I","volume":"106","author":"Stein","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib291","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1569","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehn208","article-title":"Prognostic value of right ventricular dysfunction in patients with haemodynamically stable pulmonary embolism: a systematic review","volume":"29","author":"Sanchez","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib292","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-136-9-200205070-00012","article-title":"Echocardiography in the management of pulmonary embolism","volume":"136","author":"Goldhaber","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib293","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3276","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000147612.59751.4C","article-title":"Right ventricular enlargement on chest computed tomography: a predictor of early death in acute pulmonary embolism","volume":"110","author":"Schoepf","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib294","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.164.15.1685","article-title":"Prognostic value of echocardiographically assessed right ventricular dysfunction in patients with pulmonary embolism","volume":"164","author":"ten Wolde","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-1231","article-title":"Prognostic value of echocardiographic right\/left ventricular end-diastolic diameter ratio in patients with acute pulmonary embolism: results from a monocenter registry of 1,416 patients","volume":"133","author":"Fr\u00e9mont","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib296","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2008.08.031","article-title":"Prognostic value of ECG among patients with acute pulmonary embolism and normal blood pressure","volume":"122","author":"Vanni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib297","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2007.06.032","article-title":"Enlarged right ventricle without shock in acute pulmonary embolism: prognosis","volume":"121","author":"Stein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib298","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2005.07.117","article-title":"Predictors of major hemorrhage following fibrinolysis for acute pulmonary embolism","volume":"97","author":"Fiumara","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib299","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.111.5.1241","article-title":"Thrombolytic therapy for pulmonary embolism. Frequency of intracranial hemorrhage and associated risk factors","volume":"111","author":"Kanter","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2 suppl","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib300","first-page":"II1","article-title":"The urokinase pulmonary embolism trial. A national cooperative study","volume":"47","year":"1973","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib301","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(92)90002-5","article-title":"PAIMS 2: alteplase combined with heparin versus heparin in the treatment of acute pulmonary embolism. Plasminogen activator Italian multicenter study 2","volume":"20","author":"Dalla-Volta","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib302","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1177\/153857447901300107","article-title":"Streptokinase and heparin in the treatment of pulmonary embolism: a randomized comparison","volume":"13","author":"Dotter","year":"1979","journal-title":"Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib303","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.97.3.528","article-title":"Tissue plasminogen activator for the treatment of acute pulmonary embolism. A collaborative study by the PIOPED Investigators","volume":"97","author":"PIOPED Investigators","year":"1990","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib304","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01062714","article-title":"Streprokinase and heparin versus heparin alone in massive pulmonary embolism: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"2","author":"Jerjes-Sanchez","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombolysis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1978.tb14909.x","article-title":"A controlled clinical trial of streptokinase and heparin in the treatment of major pulmonary embolism","volume":"203","author":"Ly","year":"1978","journal-title":"Acta Med Scand"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib306","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1159\/000195517","article-title":"Fibrinolytic effects of urokinase and heparin in acute pulmonary embolism: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"54","author":"Marini","year":"1988","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"issue":"5904","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib307","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.1.5904.343","article-title":"Comparison by controlled clinical trial of streptokinase and heparin in treatment of life-threatening pulmonay embolism","volume":"1","author":"Tibbutt","year":"1974","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib308","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2163","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1970.03180120035007","article-title":"Urokinase pulmonary embolism trial. Phase I results: a cooperative study","volume":"214","year":"1970","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib309","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2009.09.017","article-title":"Bolus tenecteplase for right ventricle dysfunction in hemodynamically stable patients with pulmonary embolism","volume":"125","author":"Becattini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e3181f1fc3e","article-title":"Six-month echocardiographic study in patients with submassive pulmonary embolism and right ventricle dysfunction: comparison of thrombolysis with heparin","volume":"341","author":"Fasullo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"issue":"8844","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib311","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)90274-K","article-title":"Alteplase versus heparin in acute pulmonary embolism: randomised trial assessing right-ventricular function and pulmonary perfusion","volume":"341","author":"Goldhaber","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib312","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021274","article-title":"Heparin plus alteplase compared with heparin alone in patients with submassive pulmonary embolism","volume":"347","author":"Konstantinides","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib313","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.98.6.1473","article-title":"A randomized trial of a single bolus dosage regimen of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in patients with acute pulmonary embolism","volume":"98","author":"Levine","year":"1990","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib314","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2537","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.162.22.2537","article-title":"Thrombolysis vs heparin in the treatment of pulmonary embolism: a clinical outcome-based meta-analysis","volume":"162","author":"Agnelli","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000137826.09715.9C","article-title":"Thrombolysis compared with heparin for the initial treatment of pulmonary embolism: a meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials","volume":"110","author":"Wan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib316","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1606","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1974.03230500024021","article-title":"Urokinase-streptokinase embolism trial. Phase 2 results. A cooperative study","volume":"229","year":"1974","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib317","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.106.3.718","article-title":"Reduced dose bolus alteplase vs conventional alteplase infusion for pulmonary embolism thrombolysis. An international multicenter randomized trial","volume":"106","author":"Goldhaber","year":"1994","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"8606","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib318","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)92354-9","article-title":"Randomised controlled trial of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator versus urokinase in the treatment of acute pulmonary embolism","volume":"2","author":"Goldhaber","year":"1988","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib319","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(92)90132-7","article-title":"Recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator versus a novel dosing regimen of urokinase in acute pulmonary embolism: a randomized controlled multicenter trial","volume":"20","author":"Goldhaber","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a015410","article-title":"Streptokinase vs alteplase in massive pulmonary embolism. A randomized trial assessing right heart haemodynamics and pulmonary vascular obstruction","volume":"18","author":"Meneveau","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(92)90472-Y","article-title":"Effects of intravenous urokinase versus alteplase on total pulmonary resistance in acute massive pulmonary embolism: a European multicenter double-blind trial","volume":"19","author":"Meyer","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib322","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.106.3.712","article-title":"Hemodynamic effects of bolus vs 2-h infusion of alteplase in acute massive pulmonary embolism. A randomized controlled multicenter trial","volume":"106","author":"Sors","year":"1994","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib323","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1160\/TH08-10-0638","article-title":"Desmoteplase in acute massive pulmonary thromboembolism","volume":"101","author":"Tebbe","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"1 Pt 1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib324","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(99)70243-7","article-title":"Hemodynamic effects of double bolus reteplase versus alteplase infusion in massive pulmonary embolism","volume":"138","author":"Tebbe","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.09-0765","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of low dose recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator for the treatment of acute pulmonary thromboembolism: a randomized, multicenter, controlled trial","volume":"137","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib326","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1186\/1465-9921-10-128","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of 2-hour urokinase regime in acute pulmonary embolism: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Respir Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib327","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00068-0","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of a two-hour regimen of streptokinase versus alteplase in acute massive pulmonary embolism: immediate clinical and hemodynamic outcome and one-year follow-up","volume":"31","author":"Meneveau","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib328","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.77.2.353","article-title":"Intravenous and intrapulmonary recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator in the treatment of acute massive pulmonary embolism","volume":"77","author":"Verstraete","year":"1988","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib329","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-2896(01)75015-6","article-title":"[Mechanical fragmentation and intrapulmonary fibrinolysis in the treatment of massive pulmonary embolism hemodynamic repercussions]","volume":"37","author":"de Gregorio","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Bronconeumol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/S1051-0443(97)70552-9","article-title":"Mechanical fragmentation and pharmacologic thrombolysis in massive pulmonary embolism","volume":"8","author":"Fava","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib331","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)00734-8","article-title":"Massive pulmonary embolism: percutaneous emergency treatment by pigtail rotation catheter","volume":"36","author":"Schmitz-Rode","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib332","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1427","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.114.5.1427","article-title":"Fragmentation of massive pulmonary embolism using a pigtail rotation catheter","volume":"114","author":"Schmitz-Rode","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib333","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.07-0665","article-title":"Catheter embolectomy for acute pulmonary embolism","volume":"132","author":"Kucher","year":"2007","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib334","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1431","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2009.08.002","article-title":"Catheter-directed therapy for the treatment of massive pulmonary embolism: systematic review and meta-analysis of modern techniques","volume":"20","author":"Kuo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2007.07.087","article-title":"Early and long-term clinical results of AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy in patients with acute pulmonary embolism","volume":"101","author":"Margheri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib336","first-page":"1723","article-title":"Value of percutanous catheter fragmentation in the management of massive pulmonary embolism","volume":"122","author":"Zhou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib337","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2004.10.023","article-title":"Modern surgical treatment of massive pulmonary embolism: results in 47 consecutive patients after rapid diagnosis and aggressive surgical approach","volume":"129","author":"Leacche","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib338","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.129.4.1043","article-title":"Management of unsuccessful thrombolysis in acute massive pulmonary embolism","volume":"129","author":"Meneveau","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib339","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2004.10.055","article-title":"Association of right ventricular dysfunction with in-hospital mortality in patients with acute pulmonary embolism and reduction in mortality in patients with right ventricular dysfunction by pulmonary embolectomy","volume":"95","author":"Sukhija","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.athoracsur.2010.10.086","article-title":"Improved outcome of surgical pulmonary embolectomy by aggressive intervention for critically ill patients","volume":"91","author":"Fukuda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib341","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1613395","article-title":"Enoxaparin monotherapy without oral anticoagulation to treat acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism","volume":"89","author":"Beckman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib342","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1191\/1358863x05vm634oa","article-title":"Extended enoxaparin monotherapy for acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism","volume":"10","author":"Kucher","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vasc Med"},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib343","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2342","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0906598","article-title":"Dabigatran versus warfarin in the treatment of acute venous thromboembolism","volume":"361","author":"Schulman","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib344","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.208.1.9646815","article-title":"Unsuspected pulmonary embolism: prospective detection on routine helical CT scans","volume":"208","author":"Gosselin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4928","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.06.5870","article-title":"Unsuspected pulmonary emboli in cancer patients: clinical correlates and relevance","volume":"24","author":"O'Connell","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib346","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2005.09.002","article-title":"Clinically unsuspected pulmonary embolism\u2014an important secondary finding in oncology CT","volume":"61","author":"Sebastian","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib347","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.184.1.01840264","article-title":"Incidental detection of pulmonary emboli on routine MDCT of the chest","volume":"184","author":"Storto","year":"2005","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib348","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2010.02.010","article-title":"Incidental venous thromboembolism in cancer patients: prevalence and consequence","volume":"125","author":"Douma","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib349","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2009.09.003","article-title":"Unsuspected pulmonary embolism identified using multidetector computed tomography in hospital outpatients","volume":"65","author":"Farrell","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1097\/RCT.0b013e31815a7aea","article-title":"The prevalence of symptomatic and coincidental pulmonary embolism on computed tomography","volume":"32","author":"Hui","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Comput Assist Tomogr"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib351","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.34.0984","article-title":"Risk of recurrent venous thromboembolism and mortality in patients with cancer incidentally diagnosed with pulmonary embolism: a comparison with symptomatic patients","volume":"29","author":"den Exter","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib352","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2011.04259.x","article-title":"Prognostic relevance of an asymptomatic venous thromboembolism in patients with cancer","volume":"9","author":"Dentali","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib353","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2010.04114.x","article-title":"Unsuspected pulmonary emboli adversely impact survival in patients with cancer undergoing routine staging multi-row detector computed tomography scanning","volume":"9","author":"O'Connell","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib354","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.130.1.172","article-title":"Incidence of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension after a first episode of pulmonary embolism","volume":"130","author":"Becattini","year":"2006","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2257","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa032274","article-title":"Incidence of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension after pulmonary embolism","volume":"350","author":"Pengo","year":"2004","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib356","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.10.1325","article-title":"Pulmonary embolism: one-year follow-up with echocardiography Doppler and five-year survival analysis","volume":"99","author":"Ribeiro","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib357","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2009.01.003","article-title":"Incidence of chronic pulmonary hypertension in patients with previous pulmonary embolism","volume":"124","author":"Dentali","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib358","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.08-2988","article-title":"Prospective evaluation of right ventricular function and functional status 6 months after acute submassive pulmonary embolism: frequency of persistent or subsequent elevation in estimated pulmonary artery pressure","volume":"136","author":"Kline","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib359","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2011","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.602565","article-title":"Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension","volume":"113","author":"Hoeper","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(03)00828-2","article-title":"Pulmonary endarterectomy: experience and lessons learned in 1,500 cases","volume":"76","author":"Jamieson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib361","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra010902","article-title":"Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension","volume":"345","author":"Fedullo","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib362","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2006.11.017","article-title":"Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy: a clinicopathologic study of 200 consecutive pulmonary thromboendarterectomy cases in one institution","volume":"38","author":"Bernard","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib363","first-page":"274","article-title":"Technique and outcomes of pulmonary endarterectomy surgery","volume":"14","author":"Thistlethwaite","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"1 suppl","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib364","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.126.1_suppl.63S","article-title":"Surgical treatments\/interventions for pulmonary arterial hypertension: ACCP evidence-based clinical practice guidelines","volume":"126","author":"Doyle","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib365","first-page":"301","article-title":"Diagnostic evaluation and management of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: A clinical practice guideline","volume":"17","author":"Mehta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Can Respir J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib366","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcvs.2010.11.024","article-title":"Surgical management and outcome of patients with chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: results from an international prospective registry","volume":"141","author":"Mayer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib367","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.015008","article-title":"Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). Results from an international prospective registry","volume":"124","author":"Pepke-Zaba","year":"1973","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib368","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.103.1.10","article-title":"Balloon pulmonary angioplasty for treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension","volume":"103","author":"Feinstein","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib369","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200605-115LR","article-title":"Medical therapies for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: an evolving treatment paradigm","volume":"3","author":"Bresser","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2010.01.007","article-title":"Bosentan for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension: findings from a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"126","author":"Becattini","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib371","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1097\/00063198-200309000-00009","article-title":"Superficial vein thrombosis: risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment","volume":"9","author":"Decousus","year":"2003","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pulm Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib372","first-page":"672","article-title":"Treatment of superficial vein thrombosis to prevent deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a systematic review","volume":"90","author":"Wichers","year":"2005","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib373","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(03)00607-4","article-title":"Factors predictive of venous thrombotic complications in patients with isolated superficial vein thrombosis","volume":"38","author":"Quenet","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib374","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-152-4-201002160-00006","article-title":"Superficial venous thrombosis and venous thromboembolism: a large, prospective epidemiologic study","volume":"152","author":"Decousus","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib375","first-page":"CD004982","article-title":"Treatment for superficial thrombophlebitis of the leg","author":"Di Nisio","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib376","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.163.14.1657","article-title":"A pilot randomized double-blind comparison of a low-molecular-weight heparin, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agent, and placebo in the treatment of superficial vein thrombosis","volume":"163","author":"Superficial Thrombophlebitis Treated By Enoxaparin Study Group","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib377","first-page":"160","article-title":"[Therapeutic management of superficial venous thrombosis with calcium nadroparin. Dosage testing and comparison with a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent]","volume":"43","author":"Titon","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib378","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2005.01391.x","article-title":"High vs. low doses of low-molecular-weight heparin for the treatment of superficial vein thrombosis of the legs: a double-blind, randomized trial","volume":"3","author":"Prandoni","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib379","first-page":"523","article-title":"High versus low doses of unfractionated heparin for the treatment of superficial thrombophlebitis of the leg. A prospective, controlled, randomized study","volume":"87","author":"Marchiori","year":"2002","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1177\/000331979905000701","article-title":"Superficial thrombophlebitis of the legs: a randomized, controlled, follow-up study","volume":"50","author":"Belcaro","year":"1999","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib381","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1177\/000331979604700907","article-title":"Tolerability and clinical efficacy of desmin in the treatment of superficial thrombovaricophlebitis","volume":"47","author":"Andreozzi","year":"1996","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib382","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1222","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0912072","article-title":"Fondaparinux for the treatment of superficial-vein thrombosis in the legs","volume":"363","author":"Decousus","year":"2010","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib383","unstructured":"Blondon M, Righini M, Bounameaux H, et al. Fondaparinux for isolated superficial-vein thrombosis of the legs: a cost-effectiveness analysis. Chest, In press. 10.1378\/chest.11-0625"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib384","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1177\/153857440303700605","article-title":"Low-molecular-weight heparin versus saphenofemoral disconnection for the treatment of above-knee greater saphenous thrombophlebitis: a prospective study","volume":"37","author":"Lozano","year":"2003","journal-title":"Vasc Endovascular Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/S1072-7515(01)01043-2","article-title":"Ligation versus anticoagulation: treatment of above-knee superficial thrombophlebitis not involving the deep venous system","volume":"193","author":"Sullivan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib386","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1262","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2008.03017.x","article-title":"Current perspective of venous thrombosis in the upper extremity","volume":"6","author":"Flinterman","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib387","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2008.02998.x","article-title":"Comparison between idiopathic deep vein thrombosis of the upper and lower extremity regarding risk factors and recurrence","volume":"6","author":"Lechner","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib388","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2006.06.046","article-title":"Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis: a community-based perspective","volume":"120","author":"Spencer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib389","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvir.2010.02.021","article-title":"Pulmonary embolism from upper extremity deep vein thrombosis and the role of superior vena cava filters: a review of the literature","volume":"21","author":"Owens","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2010.11.022","article-title":"Upper-extremity deep venous thrombosis: a review","volume":"124","author":"Mai","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib391","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1991.00400100022004","article-title":"Axillary and subclavian venous thrombosis. Prognosis and treatment","volume":"151","author":"Becker","year":"1991","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib392","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000142289.94369.D7","article-title":"Upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis: a prospective registry of 592 patients","volume":"110","author":"Joffe","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib393","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1997.00440220061008","article-title":"Upper-extremity deep vein thrombosis. Risk factors, diagnosis, and complications","volume":"157","author":"Prandoni","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib394","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcp1008740","article-title":"Clinical practice. Deep-vein thrombosis of the upper extremities","volume":"364","author":"Kucher","year":"2011","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"7464","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38167.684444.3A","article-title":"The long term clinical course of acute deep vein thrombosis of the arm: prospective cohort study","volume":"329","author":"Prandoni","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib396","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2005.05.029","article-title":"The post-thrombotic syndrome after upper extremity deep venous thrombosis in adults: a systematic review","volume":"117","author":"Elman","year":"2006","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"9684","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib397","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60220-8","article-title":"Management of occlusion and thrombosis associated with long-term indwelling central venous catheters","volume":"374","author":"Baskin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib398","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2010.04126.x","article-title":"Risk factors for catheter-related thrombosis (CRT) in cancer patients: a patient-level data (IPD) meta-analysis of clinical trials and prospective studies","volume":"9","author":"Saber","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib399","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1614319","article-title":"Outpatient use of low molecular weight heparin (Dalteparin) for the treatment of deep vein thrombosis of the upper extremity","volume":"82","author":"Savage","year":"1999","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1177\/147323000403200413","article-title":"Upper extremity deep vein thrombosis: clinical and treatment characteristics","volume":"32","author":"Karabay","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib401","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2007.02613.x","article-title":"A pilot study of central venous catheter survival in cancer patients using low-molecular-weight heparin (dalteparin) and warfarin without catheter removal for the treatment of upper extremity deep vein thrombosis (The Catheter Study)","volume":"5","author":"Kovacs","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib402","first-page":"783","article-title":"Treatment alternatives for axillary-subclavian vein thrombosis: long-term follow-up","volume":"4","author":"AbuRahma","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib403","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(99)00407-6","article-title":"Intraclot recombinant tissue plasminogen activator in the treatment of deep venous thrombosis of the lower and upper extremities","volume":"108","author":"Horne","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib404","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2006.02.005","article-title":"Long-term thrombotic recurrence after nonoperative management of Paget-Schroetter syndrome","volume":"43","author":"Lee","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1067\/mva.2001.112708","article-title":"Outcome after thrombolysis and selective thoracic outlet decompression for primary axillary vein thrombosis","volume":"33","author":"Lokanathan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib406","first-page":"187","article-title":"[In situ thrombolysis in the treatment of venous thrombosis of effort in the arm [in French]","volume":"22","author":"Pegis","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Mal Vasc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib407","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01616331","article-title":"Two Different Therapeutic Modalities in the Treatment of the Upper Extremity Deep Vein Thrombosis: Preliminary Investigation With 20 Case Reports","volume":"9","author":"Petrakis","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Angiol"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib408","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/S0049-3848(03)00093-8","article-title":"Treatment of subclavian-axillary vein thrombosis: long-term outcome of anticoagulation versus systemic thrombolysis","volume":"108","author":"Sabeti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib409","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1177\/107602969900500106","article-title":"Regional thrombolysis with urokinase for central venous catheter-related thrombosis in patients undergoing high-dose chemotherapy with autologous blood stem cell rescue","volume":"5","author":"Schindler","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Appl Thromb Hemost"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1160\/TH04-10-0640","article-title":"Post-thrombotic syndrome, functional disability and quality of life after upper extremity deep venous thrombosis in adults","volume":"93","author":"Kahn","year":"2005","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib411","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/0741-5214(93)90416-J","article-title":"Evaluation of a new treatment strategy for Paget-Schroetter syndrome: spontaneous thrombosis of the axillary-subclavian vein","volume":"17","author":"Machleder","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib412","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jvs.2004.07.028","article-title":"Combination treatment of venous thoracic outlet syndrome: open surgical decompression and intraoperative angioplasty","volume":"40","author":"Schneider","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib413","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.210.1.r99ja1353","article-title":"Acute upper extremity deep venous thrombosis: safety and effectiveness of superior vena caval filters","volume":"210","author":"Spence","year":"1999","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib414","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1007\/s100160010043","article-title":"Long-term results of venous revascularization for Paget-Schroetter syndrome in athletes","volume":"15","author":"Feugier","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(98)70012-6","article-title":"Early operative intervention after thrombolytic therapy for primary subclavian vein thrombosis: an effective treatment approach","volume":"27","author":"Lee","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib416","first-page":"365","article-title":"Long-term results of treatment for axillary subclavian vein thrombosis","volume":"36","author":"Malcynski","year":"1993","journal-title":"Can J Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib417","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-5214(96)70043-5","article-title":"Initial experience with venous stents in exertional axillary-subclavian vein thrombosis","volume":"24","author":"Meier","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib418","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6060(05)80276-4","article-title":"Surgical management of subclavian vein obstruction, including six cases of subclavian vein bypass","volume":"118","author":"Sanders","year":"1995","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib419","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/S1051-0443(97)70551-7","article-title":"Local thrombolytic therapy as part of a multidisciplinary approach to acute axillosubclavian vein thrombosis (Paget-Schroetter syndrome)","volume":"8","author":"Sheeran","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Vasc Interv Radiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(03)00116-4","article-title":"Paget-Schroetter syndrome therapy: failure of intravenous stents","volume":"75","author":"Urschel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib421","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1177\/153857440003400105","article-title":"Long-term results of local thrombolysis followed by first rib resection: an encouraging clinical experience in treatment of subclavian vein thrombosis","volume":"34","author":"Yilmaz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib422","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avsg.2008.08.012","article-title":"Long-term follow-up for superior vena cava filter placement","volume":"23","author":"Usoh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib423","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000137123.55051.9B","article-title":"Risk factors and recurrence rate of primary deep vein thrombosis of the upper extremities","volume":"110","author":"Martinelli","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib424","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.thromres.2009.04.015","article-title":"Quality of life in patients with idiopathic subclavian vein thrombosis","volume":"125","author":"Berzaczy","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib425","first-page":"501","article-title":"Natural history of mesenteric venous thrombosis in patients treated with vitamin K antagonists: a multi-centre, retrospective cohort study","volume":"102","author":"Dentali","year":"2009","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib426","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra010076","article-title":"Mesenteric venous thrombosis","volume":"345","author":"Kumar","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib427","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4818","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-07-165969","article-title":"How I treat rare venous thromboses","volume":"112","author":"Martinelli","year":"2008","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib428","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23259","article-title":"Acute portal vein thrombosis unrelated to cirrhosis: a prospective multicenter follow-up study","volume":"51","author":"Plessier","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib429","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2464","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2007.01477.x","article-title":"Prognostic factors in noncirrhotic patients with splanchnic vein thromboses","volume":"102","author":"Amitrano","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2001.21209","article-title":"Current outcome of portal vein thrombosis in adults: risk and benefit of anticoagulant therapy","volume":"120","author":"Condat","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib431","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e3181b3ab44","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of anticoagulation therapy with low molecular weight heparin for portal vein thrombosis in patients with liver cirrhosis","volume":"44","author":"Amitrano","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib432","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-151-3-200908040-00004","article-title":"Etiology, management, and outcome of the Budd-Chiari syndrome","volume":"151","author":"Darwish Murad","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib433","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20064","article-title":"Determinants of survival and the effect of portosystemic shunting in patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome","volume":"39","author":"Darwish Murad","year":"2004","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib442","first-page":"CD003076","article-title":"Home versus in-patient treatment for deep vein thrombosis","author":"Othieno","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib443","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.512834","article-title":"Eight-year follow-up of patients with permanent vena cava filters in the prevention of pulmonary embolism: the PREPIC (Prevention du Risque d'Embolie Pulmonaire par Interruption Cave) randomized study","volume":"112","author":"PREPIC Study Group","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib451","first-page":"CD004177","article-title":"Compression therapy for treating stage I and II (Widmer) post-thrombotic syndrome","author":"Kolbach","year":"2003","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/s002689900081","article-title":"Low-molecular-weight heparin versus warfarin for prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism: a randomized trial","volume":"20","author":"Das","year":"1996","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib434","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(92)90513-U","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of early versus late initiation of warfarin during heparin therapy in acute thromboembolism","volume":"123","author":"Mohiuddin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib435","first-page":"CD001100","article-title":"Fixed dose subcutaneous low molecular weight heparins versus adjusted dose unfractionated heparin for venous thromboembolism","author":"van Dongen","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib436","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1650553","article-title":"Once-daily subcutaneous dalteparin, a low molecular weight heparin, for the initial treatment of acute deep vein thrombosis","volume":"76","author":"Fiessinger","year":"1996","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib437","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1613886","article-title":"Fixed-dose, body weight-independent subcutaneous LMW heparin versus adjusted dose unfractionated intravenous heparin in the initial treatment of proximal venous thrombosis","volume":"83","author":"Harenberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib438","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1648836","article-title":"Comparison of once-daily subcutaneous Fragmin with continuous intravenous unfractionated heparin in the treatment of deep vein thrombosis","volume":"72","author":"Lindmarker","year":"1994","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"8791","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib439","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)91054-C","article-title":"Comparison of subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin with intravenous standard heparin in proximal deep-vein thrombosis","volume":"339","author":"Prandoni","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib440","first-page":"252","article-title":"Fixed-dose, body weight-independent subcutaneous low molecular weight heparin Certoparin compared with adjusted-dose intravenous unfractionated heparin in patients with proximal deep venous thrombosis","volume":"90","author":"Riess","year":"2003","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib441","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1993.00410130045005","article-title":"Subcutaneous low-molecular-weight heparin compared with continuous intravenous unfractionated heparin in the treatment of proximal deep vein thrombosis","volume":"153","author":"Simonneau","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib444","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1612901","article-title":"Acute deep vein thrombosis: early mobilization does not increase the frequency of pulmonary embolism","volume":"85","author":"Aschwanden","year":"2001","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib445","first-page":"393","article-title":"Leg compression and ambulation is better than bed rest for the treatment of acute deep venous thrombosis","volume":"22","author":"Bl\u00e4ttler","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int Angiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib446","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1185\/030079906X89838","article-title":"Mobilization versus immobilization in the treatment of acute proximal deep venous thrombosis: a prospective, randomized, open, multicentre trial","volume":"22","author":"J\u00fcnger","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib447","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1067\/mva.2000.110352","article-title":"Compression and walking versus bed rest in the treatment of proximal deep venous thrombosis with low molecular weight heparin","volume":"32","author":"Partsch","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib448","first-page":"127","article-title":"Bed rest in deep vein thrombosis and the incidence of scintigraphic pulmonary embolism","volume":"82","author":"Schellong","year":"1999","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib449","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2006.02.022","article-title":"Long-term low-molecular-weight heparin versus usual care in proximal-vein thrombosis patients with cancer","volume":"119","author":"Hull","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1613574","article-title":"Low-molecular-weight heparin in the acute and long-term treatment of deep vein thrombosis","volume":"89","author":"Kakkar","year":"2003","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib452","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1177\/000331979304400904","article-title":"Prophylaxis of recurrent deep venous thrombosis. A randomized, prospective study using indobufen and graduated elastic compression stockings","volume":"44","author":"Belcaro","year":"1993","journal-title":"Angiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1378\/chest.11-2301_bib453","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1097\/MBC.0b013e328011f2dd","article-title":"Efficacy of elastic compression stockings used early or after resolution of the edema on recanalization after deep venous thrombosis: the COM.PRE Trial","volume":"18","author":"Arpaia","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis"}],"container-title":["Chest"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369212601299?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369212601299?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T06:30:50Z","timestamp":1757917850000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0012369212601299"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"references-count":453,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0012369212601299"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.11-2301","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-3692"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-3692","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Antithrombotic Therapy for VTE Disease","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chest","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.11-2301","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2012 The American College of Chest Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}