{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T15:38:04Z","timestamp":1770910684850,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,8,1]],"date-time":"1997-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":870393600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,8]]},"DOI":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,22]],"date-time":"2008-01-22T22:31:17Z","timestamp":1201041077000},"page":"327-335","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Effects of \u2018Crack\u2019 Cocaine on Pulmonary Alveolar Permeability"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"112","author":[{"given":"Donald P.","family":"Tashkin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric C.","family":"Kleerup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carl K.","family":"Hoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kwang-Jin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milo M.","family":"Webber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.34.1.63","article-title":"Lung clearance of soluble radioaerosols of different molecular weights in systemic sclerosis","volume":"34","author":"Chopra","year":"1979","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib2","first-page":"105","article-title":"Accelerated clearance of small solutes from the lungs in interstitial lung disease","volume":"121","author":"Rinderknecht","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.40.10.734","article-title":"Regional distribution of pulmonary epithelial permeability in normal subjects and patients with asbestosis","volume":"40","author":"Gellert","year":"1985","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.88.3.327","article-title":"Small solute clearance from the lungs of patients with cardiogenic and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema","volume":"88","author":"Mason","year":"1985","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1989.66.1.288","article-title":"Pulmonary clearance of radiotracers after positive end-expiratory pressure or acute lung injury","volume":"66","author":"Barrowcliffe","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.110.2.486","article-title":"Pulmonary epithelial permeability: an animal study of inverse ratio ventilation and conventional mechanical ventilation","volume":"110","author":"Ludwigs","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(80)90493-6","article-title":"Increased alveolar epithelial permeability in cigarette smokers","volume":"1","author":"Jones","year":"1980","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.83.1.6","article-title":"Rapidly reversible alterations of pulmonary epithelial permeability induced by smoking","volume":"83","author":"Mason","year":"1983","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/136.5.1112","article-title":"A comparison of 99mTc-DTPA and 113mIn-DTPA aerosol clearances in humans: effects of smoking, hyperinflation, and in vitro oxidation","volume":"136","author":"Nolop","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.282.6271.1183","article-title":"Rapid improvement in abnormal pulmonary epithelial permeability after stopping cigarettes","volume":"282","author":"Minty","year":"1981","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(95)00207-M","article-title":"Acute and chronic effects of marijuana smoking on pulmonary alveolar permeability","volume":"23\/24","author":"Gil","year":"1995","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.100.4.903","article-title":"Increased lung permeability following long-term use of free-base cocaine (crack)","volume":"100","author":"Susskind","year":"1991","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/145.1.92","article-title":"Pulmonary status of habitual cocaine smokers","volume":"145","author":"Tashkin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1984.04400020107016","article-title":"Pulmonary dysfunction in \u2019freebase\u2019 cocaine users","volume":"144","author":"Itkonen","year":"1984","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"prt 2","key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib15","first-page":"l","article-title":"Epidemiology standardization project","volume":"118\/6","author":"Ferris","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib16","series-title":"National Survey on Drug Abuse: main findings, 1979","author":"Fishburne","year":"1980"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.1992.10471647","article-title":"Smoked cocaine: patterns of use and pulmonary consequences","volume":"24","author":"Khalsa","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Psychoactive Drugs"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.92.4.638","article-title":"Respiratory effects of cocaine \u2019freebasing\u2019 among habitual users of marijuana with or without tobacco","volume":"92","author":"Tashkin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib19","first-page":"209","article-title":"Respiratory symptoms and lung function in habitual, heavy smokers of marijuana alone, smokers of marijuana and tobacco, smokers of tobacco alone, and nonsmokers","volume":"135","author":"Tashkin","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib20","first-page":"57","article-title":"Spirometric standards for healthy nonsmoking adults","volume":"103","author":"Morris","year":"1971","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib21","first-page":"185","article-title":"Standardized single breath normal values for carbon monoxide diffusing capacity","volume":"123","author":"Crapo","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/144.5.1202","article-title":"Lung function testing: selection of reference values and interpretative strategies","volume":"144","author":"American Thoracic Society","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(90)90116-Y","article-title":"A method for delivery of precise doses of smoked cocaine-base to humans","volume":"36","author":"Hatsukami","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib24","series-title":"SAS 1993. SAS\/STAT user's guide, version 6","year":"1993"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(90)90484-U","article-title":"Cocaine-related medical problems: consecutive series of 233 patients","volume":"88","author":"Brody","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.107.1.233","article-title":"The pulmonary complications of crack cocaine: a comprehensive review","volume":"107","author":"Haim","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/136.1.179","article-title":"Nonfatal pulmonary edema after \u2019freebase\u2019 cocaine smoking","volume":"136","author":"Cucco","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.97.4.1009","article-title":"Pulmonary edema after freebase cocaine smoking\u2014not due to an adulterant","volume":"97","author":"Kline","year":"1990","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-107-2-186","article-title":"Free-base cocaine use associated with bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia","volume":"107","author":"Patel","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1250","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/136.5.1250","article-title":"Crack lung: pulmonary disease caused by cocaine abuse","volume":"136","author":"Kissner","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.93.2.427","article-title":"Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage temporally related to cocaine smoking","volume":"93","author":"Murray","year":"1988","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/142.2.462","article-title":"Crack lung: an acute pulmonary syndrome with a spectrum of clinical and histopathological findings","volume":"142","author":"Forrester","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1155","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.100.4.1155","article-title":"Interstitial pneumonitis associated with \u2019crack\u2019 cocaine abuse","volume":"100","author":"O'Donnell","year":"1991","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.96.5.1050","article-title":"Pulmonary artery medial hypertrophy in cocaine users without foreign particle microembolization","volume":"96","author":"Murray","year":"1989","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(94)90279-8","article-title":"Pulmonary histopathology in cocaine abusers","volume":"25","author":"Bailey","year":"1994","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.138.8.1110","article-title":"Pulmonary dysfunction in cocaine smokers","volume":"138","author":"Weiss","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/141.4_Pt_1.1071","article-title":"Workshop on techniques to evaluate lung microvascular injury","volume":"141","author":"Staub","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib38","series-title":"Functional anatomy and histology of the lung","first-page":"39","author":"Nagaishi","year":"1972"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.1982.10471937","article-title":"Cocaine smoking","volume":"14","author":"Siegel","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Psychoactive Drugs"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-119-3-199308010-00009","article-title":"Cocaine abuse","volume":"119","author":"Warner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/100.5.481","article-title":"Blackened bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in crack smokers: a preliminary study","volume":"100","author":"Greenbaum","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/13.3.158","article-title":"Pyrolysis and volatilization of cocaine","volume":"13","author":"Martin","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(91)90065-Q","article-title":"Contribution of Na+ and Cl\u2013 fluxes to net ion transport by alveolar epithelium","volume":"85","author":"Kim","year":"1991","journal-title":"Respir Physiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4827(89)90337-6","article-title":"Type I cell-like morphology in tight alveolar epithelial monolayers","volume":"184","author":"Cheek","year":"1988","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.327_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb\/6.3.296","article-title":"Reactivity of alveolar epithelial cells in primary culture with type I cell monoclonal antibodies","volume":"6","author":"Danto","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"}],"container-title":["Chest"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001236921552998X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001236921552998X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,7]],"date-time":"2019-05-07T07:15:21Z","timestamp":1557213321000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S001236921552998X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1997,8]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S001236921552998X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.112.2.327","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-3692"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-3692","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1997,8]]}}}