{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T13:04:19Z","timestamp":1761743059376},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1998,8,1]],"date-time":"1998-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":901929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,8]]},"DOI":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,22]],"date-time":"2008-01-22T22:31:17Z","timestamp":1201041077000},"page":"549-555","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Utility of Transbronchial Biopsy in Patients With Acute Respiratory Failure"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"114","author":[{"given":"Venkatarama K.","family":"Rao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jon","family":"Ritter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marin H.","family":"Kollef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.149.2.8306025","article-title":"Validation of different techniques for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia","volume":"149","author":"Torres","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.151.6.7767535","article-title":"Diagnostic tests for pneumonia in ventilated patients: prospective evaluation of diagnostic accuracy using histology as a diagnostic gold standard","volume":"151","author":"Marquette","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1982","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.6.8520766","article-title":"Bronchoscopic or blind sampling techniques for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia","volume":"152","author":"Papazian","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197508072930603","article-title":"Transbronchial lung biopsy for the diagnosis of sarcoidosis","volume":"293","author":"Koerner","year":"1975","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.67.5.532","article-title":"Transbronchial forceps lung biopsy through the fiberoptic bronchoscope: diagnosis of diffuse pulmonary disease","volume":"67","author":"Joyner","year":"1975","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.95.5.1130","article-title":"Transbronchial biopsy and needle aspiration","volume":"95","author":"Shure","year":"1989","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(19)40261-4","article-title":"Pulmonary pathology in acute respiratory insufficiency: lung biopsy as a diagnostic tool","volume":"71","author":"Hill","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198408233110806","article-title":"Fiberoptic bronchoscopy","volume":"311","author":"Fulkerson","year":"1984","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib9","first-page":"880","article-title":"The role of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the evaluation of immunocompromised hosts with diffuse pulmonary infiltrates","volume":"131","author":"Williams","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.89.2.168","article-title":"Transbronchial biopsy during mechanical ventilation","volume":"89","author":"Papin","year":"1986","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1136","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198712000-00013","article-title":"Transbronchial biopsy during mechanical ventilation","volume":"15","author":"Pincus","year":"1987","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199402000-00017","article-title":"Fiberoptic bronchoscopy in the intensive care unit: a prospective study of 147 procedures in 107 patients","volume":"22","author":"Turner","year":"1994","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199703000-00012","article-title":"Safety and yield of transbronchial biopsy in mechanically ventilated patients","volume":"25","author":"O'Brien","year":"1997","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.102.5_Supplement_1.571S","article-title":"The standardization of criteria for processing and interpreting laboratory specimens in patients with suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia","volume":"102","author":"Baselski","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/S0011-5029(96)90016-4","article-title":"Acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"42","author":"Schuster","year":"1996","journal-title":"Dis Mon"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)92169-3","article-title":"The fetal heart rate trace is normal, isn't it? Observer agreement of categorical assessments","volume":"337","author":"Grant","year":"1991","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1982.125.5.524","article-title":"Clinical decision making with transbronchial lung biopsies","volume":"125","author":"Haponik","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib18","first-page":"25","article-title":"Sensitivity and specificity of the nonspecific transbronchial lung biopsy","volume":"119","author":"Poe","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.77.5.647","article-title":"The benefits of open lung biopsy in patients with previous nondiagnostic transbronchial lung biopsy: a guide to appropriate therapy","volume":"77","author":"Toledo-Pereyra","year":"1980","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(05)80364-2","article-title":"Clinical utility of open lung biopsy for undiagnosed pulmonary infiltrates","volume":"164","author":"Wagner","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib21","first-page":"280","article-title":"Comparison of transbronchial and open biopsies in chronic infiltrative lung diseases","volume":"123","author":"Wall","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(78)90816-1","article-title":"Clinical implications of a \u201cnonspecific\u201d transbronchial biopsy","volume":"65","author":"Wilson","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-77-5-701","article-title":"Nosocomial respiratory infections with Gram-negative bacilli: the significance of colonization of the respiratory tract","volume":"77","author":"Johanson","year":"1972","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib24","first-page":"792","article-title":"Risk factors for pneumonia and fatality in patients receiving continuous mechanical ventilation","volume":"133","author":"Craven","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1058","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/139.4.1058","article-title":"CDC definitions for nosocomial infections, 1988","volume":"139","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.80.3.254","article-title":"Diagnosis of nosocomial bacterial pneumonia in acute diffuse lung injury","volume":"80","author":"Andrews","year":"1981","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-99-3-293","article-title":"Multiple organ system failure and infection in adult respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"99","author":"Bell","year":"1983","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/138.1.110","article-title":"Detection of nosocomial lung infection in ventilated patients: use of a protected specimen brush and quantitative culture techniques in 147 patients","volume":"138","author":"Fagon","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.101.2.458","article-title":"The radiologic diagnosis of autopsy-proven ventilator-associated pneumonia","volume":"101","author":"Wunderink","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.103.2.547","article-title":"Evaluation of clinical judgment in the identification and treatment of pneumonia in ventilated patients","volume":"103","author":"Fagon","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.93.04081010","article-title":"Accuracy of diagnostic tools for the management of nosocomial respiratory infections in mechanically ventilated patients","volume":"4","author":"Torres","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/146.4.1059","article-title":"Nosocomial bronchopneumonia in the critically ill","volume":"146","author":"Rouby","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.445","article-title":"The diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a comparison of histologic, microbiologic, and clinical criteria","volume":"112","author":"Kirtland","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.112.2.458","article-title":"Reproducibility of the histologic diagnosis of pneumonia among a panel of four pathologists: analysis of a gold standard","volume":"112","author":"Corley","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199604000-00002","article-title":"Histopathologic and microbiologic aspects of ventilator-associated pneumonia","volume":"84","author":"Fabregas","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198911000-00010","article-title":"A prospective study of protected bronchoalveolar lavage in the diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia","volume":"71","author":"Rouby","year":"1989","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2463","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1986.03370180089038","article-title":"Preservation of normal lung regions in the adult respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"225","author":"Maunder","year":"1986","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/92.1.10","article-title":"Regional alveolar damage (RAD), a localized counterpart of diffuse alveolar damage","volume":"92","author":"Yazdy","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.73.4.477","article-title":"Open lung biopsy for the diagnosis of acute, diffuse pulmonary infiltrates in the immunosuppressed patient","volume":"73","author":"Leight","year":"1978","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(87)90246-7","article-title":"Diagnostic value of open lung biopsy in immunocompromised patients","volume":"154","author":"Thomas","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/137.1.90","article-title":"Open lung biopsy in patients with diffuse pulmonary infiltrates and acute respiratory failure","volume":"137","author":"Warner","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib42","first-page":"564","article-title":"Evaluation of outcome following open lung biopsy","volume":"60","author":"Bove","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib43","first-page":"151","article-title":"The role of open lung biopsy in early and late survival of ventilator-dependent patients with diffuse idiopathic lung disease","volume":"35","author":"Canver","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.107.1.196","article-title":"Pulmonary fibrosis correlates with outcome in adult respiratory distress syndrome: a study in mechanically ventilated patients","volume":"107","author":"Martin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.549_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.107.1.5","article-title":"Pulmonary fibroproliferation and death in patients with late ARDS [editorial]","volume":"107","author":"Meduri","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chest"}],"container-title":["Chest"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369215477402?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369215477402?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,21]],"date-time":"2024-02-21T15:24:40Z","timestamp":1708529080000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0012369215477402"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1998,8]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1998,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0012369215477402"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.114.2.549","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-3692"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-3692","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1998,8]]}}}