{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T04:38:45Z","timestamp":1785818325682,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,4,1]],"date-time":"1999-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":922924800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,4]]},"DOI":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,14]],"date-time":"2003-06-14T00:09:19Z","timestamp":1055549359000},"page":"1127-1139","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["The Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"115","author":[{"given":"Elliott N.","family":"Exar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nancy A.","family":"Collop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1159\/000196730","article-title":"Heavy snorer disease: from snoring to the sleep apnea syndrome\u2014an overview","volume":"64","author":"Lugaresi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.104.3.781","article-title":"A cause of daytime sleepiness: the upper airway resistance syndrome","volume":"104","author":"Guilleminault","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"suppl 6","key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib3","first-page":"S13","article-title":"From obstructive sleep apnea syndrome to upper airway resistance syndrome: consistency of daytime sleepiness","volume":"15","author":"Guilleminault","year":"1992","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01377349","article-title":"Children and nocturnal snoring: evaluation of the effects of sleep related respiratory resistive load and daytime functioning","volume":"139","author":"Guilleminault","year":"1982","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib5","first-page":"590","article-title":"Staging of heavy snorers' disease: a proposal","volume":"19","author":"Lugaresi","year":"1983","journal-title":"Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-199001000-00007","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome or abnormal upper airway resistance during sleep?","volume":"7","author":"Stoohs","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/143.1.92","article-title":"Snoring and sleep architecture","volume":"143","author":"Hoffstein","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.40","article-title":"Snoring (I). Daytime sleepiness in regular heavy snorers","volume":"99","author":"Guilleminault","year":"1991","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/17.6.516","article-title":"Effect of nasal spray, positional therapy, and the combination thereof in the asymptomatic snorer","volume":"176","author":"Braver","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(96)70218-8","article-title":"Upper airway resistance syndrome after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"114","author":"Woodson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.2.96-06049","article-title":"Histological indications of a progressive snorers disease in an upper airway muscle","volume":"157","author":"Friberg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib12","first-page":"403","article-title":"Significance and treatment of nonapneic snoring","volume":"16","author":"Strollo","year":"1993","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib13","first-page":"242","article-title":"Sleep fragmentation in normals: a model for sleepiness associated with upper airway resistance syndrome","volume":"17","author":"Philip","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.153.4.8616562","article-title":"The effect of sleep fragmentation on daytime function","volume":"153","author":"Martin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1157","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/20.12.1157","article-title":"Arousals and nocturnal respiration in symptomatic snorers and nonsnorers","volume":"20","author":"Berg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(91)90058-Q","article-title":"Snoring during NREM sleep: respiratory timing, esophageal pressure, and EEG arousal","volume":"85","author":"Stoohs","year":"1991","journal-title":"Respir Physiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/142.2.295","article-title":"The influence of increasing ventilatory effort on arousal from sleep","volume":"142","author":"Gleeson","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/146.2.330","article-title":"Effect of hyperoxia on the arousal response to airway occlusion during sleep in normal subjects","volume":"146","author":"Berry","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/20.8.654","article-title":"Respiratory arousal from sleep: mechanisms and significance","volume":"20","author":"Berry","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1992.73.2.642","article-title":"Upper airway anesthesia delays arousal from airway occlusion induced during human NREM sleep","volume":"73","author":"Basner","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.1.9608037","article-title":"Upper airway anesthesia reduces phasic genioglossus activity during sleep apnea","volume":"156","author":"Berry","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.113.4.985","article-title":"Arterial blood pressure response to transient arousals from NREM sleep in nonapneic snorers with sleep fragmentation","volume":"113","author":"Lofaso","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/15.2.174","article-title":"EEG arousals: scoring rules and examples\u2014a preliminary report from the Sleep Disorders Atlas Task Force of the American Sleep Disorders Association","volume":"15","author":"Sleep Disorders Atlas Task Force","year":"1992","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199609000-00009","article-title":"Recognition and surgical management of the upper airway resistance syndrome","volume":"106","author":"Newman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03007592","article-title":"Measurement of pleural pressure with oesophageal catheter-tip micromanometer in anaesthetized humans","volume":"38","author":"Chartrand","year":"1991","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.3.9701021","article-title":"Effects of esophageal pressure monitoring on sleep architecture","volume":"156","author":"Chervin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.155.1.9001314","article-title":"Evaluation of nasal prongs for estimating nasal flow","volume":"155","author":"Montserrat","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.5.9708008","article-title":"Detection of flow limitation with a nasal cannula\/pressure transducer system","volume":"157","author":"Hosselet","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib29","first-page":"1175","article-title":"Detection of respiratory events during NPSG: nasal cannula\/pressure sensor versus thermistor","volume":"20","author":"Norman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/16.7.620","article-title":"Upper airway resistance syndrome: sick, symptomatic but underrecognized","volume":"16","author":"Downey","year":"1993","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/20.9.794","article-title":"Essential hypertension and abnormal upper airway resistance during sleep","volume":"20","author":"Silverberg","year":"1997","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.104.3.665","article-title":"Excessive daytime sleepiness, upper airway resistance, and nocturnal arousals [editorial]","volume":"104","author":"Shepard","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.158.2.9705035","article-title":"Interobserver variability in recognizing arousal in respiratory sleep disorders","volume":"158","author":"Drinnan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/18.5.330","article-title":"Frequency of EEG arousals from nocturnal sleep in normal subjects","volume":"18","author":"Mathur","year":"1995","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1567","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.112.6.1567","article-title":"Respiratory and arousal responses to acoustic stimulation","volume":"112","author":"Carley","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"suppl 1","key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1159\/000196733","article-title":"Upper airway resistance syndrome","volume":"64","author":"Ruhle","year":"1997","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib37","first-page":"197S","article-title":"Oscillatory impedance (OI), a sensitive noninvasive method to detect obstruction in upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS) [abstract]","volume":"9","author":"Schlenker","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib38","first-page":"A568","article-title":"Detection of unappreciated respiratory-related EEG arousals [abstract]","volume":"153","author":"O'Malley","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.107.1.58","article-title":"Nasal continuous positive airway pressure for nonapneic snoring?","volume":"107","author":"Rauscher","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.109.4.896","article-title":"Sleep fragmentation as a risk factor for hypertension in middle-aged nonapneic snorers","volume":"109","author":"Lofaso","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.109.4.901","article-title":"Upper airway resistance syndrome, nocturnal blood pressure monitoring, and borderline hypertension","volume":"109","author":"Guilleminault","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S136","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/19.suppl_9.S136","article-title":"Long-term compliance with CPAP therapy in obstructive sleep apnea and in snorers","volume":"19","author":"Krieger","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"suppl 9","key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S90","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/19.suppl_9.S90","article-title":"Critical analysis of the results of surgery in the treatment of snoring, upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS), and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)","volume":"19","author":"Pepin","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib44","first-page":"235","article-title":"The efficacy of laser-assisted uvulopalatoplasty in the management of obstructive sleep apnea and upper airway resistance syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Krespi","year":"1994","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1097\/00005537-199706000-00005","article-title":"A cost-effective and rational surgical approach to patients with snoring, upper airway resistance syndrome, or obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"107","author":"Utley","year":"1997","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.113.5.1163","article-title":"Radiofrequency volumetric tissue reduction of the palate in subjects with sleep-disordered breathing","volume":"113","author":"Powell","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib47","first-page":"98","article-title":"Successful treatment of upper airway resistance syndrome with an oral appliance","volume":"2","author":"Loube","year":"1998","journal-title":"Sleep and Breathing"},{"issue":"suppl 9","key":"10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S101","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/19.suppl_9.S101","article-title":"Management of simple snoring, upper airway resistance syndrome, and moderate sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"19","author":"Levy","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sleep"}],"container-title":["Chest"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369216377522?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369216377522?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,21]],"date-time":"2020-03-21T17:49:24Z","timestamp":1584812964000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0012369216377522"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,4]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0012369216377522"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.115.4.1127","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-3692"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-3692","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,4]]}}}