{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T23:22:13Z","timestamp":1791069733465,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1999,7,1]],"date-time":"1999-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":930787200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,7]]},"DOI":"10.1378\/chest.116.1.40","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,14]],"date-time":"2003-06-14T00:09:19Z","timestamp":1055549359000},"page":"40-46","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":317,"title":["Relationship Between Bacterial Flora in Sputum and Functional Impairment in Patients With Acute Exacerbations of COPD"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Marc","family":"Miravitlles","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Espinosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Laso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Alberto","family":"Martos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Antonio","family":"Maldonado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel","family":"Gallego","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1378\/chest.116.1.40_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1067","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/146.4.1067","article-title":"Bacterial infection in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"146","author":"Murphy","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.116.1.40_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-199104000-00008","article-title":"Infections of the airways","volume":"4","author":"Wilson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.116.1.40_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/S0954-6111(99)90004-5","article-title":"Treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its exacerbations in general practice","volume":"23","author":"Miravitlles","year":"1999","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.116.1.40_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196902202800801","article-title":"Curse and prognosis of chronic obstructive lung disease","volume":"280","author":"Burrows","year":"1969","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.116.1.40_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.96.09081596","article-title":"Use of investigations in lower respiratory tract infection in the community: a European survey","volume":"9","author":"Woodhead","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.116.1.40_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/142.5.1004","article-title":"Characterization of distal bronchial microflora during acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis","volume":"142","author":"Fagon","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.116.1.40_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1316","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.4.7551388","article-title":"Bacterial infection in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a study of stable and exacerbated outpatients using the protected specimen brush","volume":"152","author":"Mons\u00f3","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.116.1.40_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-2896(15)30672-4","article-title":"El cepillado protegido bacteriol\u00f3gico en pacientes con EPOC grave","volume":"33","author":"Zalaca\u00edn","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Bronconeumol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.116.1.40_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.95.08081398","article-title":"ERS consensus statement: optimal assessment and management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); a consensus statement of the European Respiratory Society (ERS)","volume":"8","author":"Siafakas","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1378\/chest.116.1.40_bib10","first-page":"S77","article-title":"Standards for the diagnosis and care of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"152","author":"Celli","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.116.1.40_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-2896(15)30754-7","article-title":"Normativa sobre diagn\u00f3stico y tratamiento de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva cr\u00f3nica","volume":"32","author":"Montemayor","year":"1996","journal-title":"Arch Bronconeumol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.116.1.40_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.96.09081590","article-title":"Initial antibiotic therapy for lower respiratory tract infection in the community: a European survey","volume":"9","author":"Huchon","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.116.1.40_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)90275-L","article-title":"Prospective study of etiology and outcome of adult lower respiratory tract infections in the community","volume":"341","author":"MacFarlane","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.116.1.40_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-106-2-196","article-title":"Antibiotic therapy in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"106","author":"Anthonisen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.116.1.40_bib15","first-page":"339","article-title":"Microscopic and bacteriologic analysis of expectorated sputum","volume":"50","author":"Murray","year":"1975","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.116.1.40_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.6.5.518-527.1977","article-title":"Misinformation from sputum cultures without microscopic examination","volume":"6","author":"Heineman","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.116.1.40_bib17","series-title":"Manual of clinical microbiology","first-page":"1226","author":"Balows","year":"1991"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.116.1.40_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.97.10051137","article-title":"Bacterial colonization of distal airways in healthy subjects and chronic lung disease: a bronchoscopic study","volume":"10","author":"Cabello","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.116.1.40_bib19","volume":"Vol 17","author":"National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.116.1.40_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.113.6.1542","article-title":"Infective exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: relation between bacteriologic etiology and lung function","volume":"113","author":"Eller","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.116.1.40_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.50.7.758","article-title":"Changes in symptoms, peak expiratory flow, and sputum flora during treatment with antibiotics of exacerbations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in general practice","volume":"50","author":"Sachs","year":"1995","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.116.1.40_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.50.3.249","article-title":"Relation between beta-lactamase-producing bacteria and patient characteristics in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)","volume":"50","author":"Sportel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.116.1.40_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.5.9711044","article-title":"Bronchial microbial patterns in severe exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) requiring mechanical ventilation","volume":"157","author":"Soler","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.116.1.40_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1601","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.96.09081601","article-title":"Lung function in bronchiectasis: the influence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"9","author":"Evans","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.116.1.40_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2018","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI115231","article-title":"Differential adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to human respiratory epithelial cells in primary culture","volume":"87","author":"Plotkowski","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.116.1.40_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2094","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.151.6.7767563","article-title":"Virulence factors in the colonization and persistence of bacteria in the airways","volume":"151","author":"Van Alphen","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"suppl 25","key":"10.1378\/chest.116.1.40_bib27","first-page":"147S","article-title":"Lower airway colonization in chronic bronchitis: risk factors [abstract]","volume":"10","author":"Mons\u00f3","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.116.1.40_bib28","first-page":"509","article-title":"Repeat consultations after antibiotic prescribing for respiratory infection: a study in one general practice","volume":"44","author":"Davey","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br J Gen Pract"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.116.1.40_bib29","first-page":"61","article-title":"Acute infective exacerbations of chronic bronchitis","volume":"88","author":"Ball","year":"1991","journal-title":"Q J Med"}],"container-title":["Chest"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369215381496?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369215381496?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,7]],"date-time":"2021-06-07T14:57:18Z","timestamp":1623077838000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0012369215381496"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1999,7]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1999,7]]}},"alternative-id":["S0012369215381496"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.116.1.40","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-3692"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-3692","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1999,7]]}}}