{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T21:29:01Z","timestamp":1766179741820},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]],"date-time":"2003-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1041379200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"DOI":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,14]],"date-time":"2003-06-14T00:09:19Z","timestamp":1055549359000},"page":"244-260","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["The Association of Hypertension and Secondary Cardiovascular Disease With Sleep-Disordered Breathing"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Richard A.","family":"Dart","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"Gregoire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David D.","family":"Gutterman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Steven H.","family":"Woolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib1","first-page":"1217","article-title":"Tracheostomy in hypersomnia with periodic breathing","volume":"8","author":"Coccagna","year":"1972","journal-title":"Bull Physiopathol Respir"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.36.1.15","article-title":"Effects of tracheostomy in two cases of hypersomnia with periodic breathing","volume":"36","author":"Lugaresi","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-89-4-454","article-title":"Tracheostomy and hemodynamic changes in sleep-induced apnea","volume":"89","author":"Motta","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197801052980101","article-title":"Effect of weight loss without salt restriction on the reduction of blood pressure in overweight hypertensive patients","volume":"298","author":"Reisin","year":"1978","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-103-2-190","article-title":"Undiagnosed sleep apnea in patients with essential hypertension","volume":"103","author":"Fletcher","year":"1985","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)91672-1","article-title":"Snoring as a risk factor for hypertension and angina pectoris","volume":"1","author":"Koskenvuo","year":"1985","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)90744-1","article-title":"Determinants of blood pressure in snorers","volume":"2","author":"Hoffstein","year":"1988","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.94.2.305","article-title":"Nocturnal hypertension in older men with sleep-related breathing disorders","volume":"94","author":"McGinty","year":"1988","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib9","first-page":"637","article-title":"Prevalence of nocturnal hypoxaemia amongst men with mild to moderate hypertension","volume":"256","author":"Warley","year":"1988","journal-title":"Q J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.95.2.279","article-title":"Intracranial pressure and obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"95","author":"Jennum","year":"1989","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1362","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.98.6.1362","article-title":"Systemic hypertension in sleep apnea syndrome: relationship with sleep architecture and breathing abnormalities","volume":"98","author":"Escourrou","year":"1990","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(90)90540-T","article-title":"Central hemodynamics and 24-h blood pressure in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: effects of corrective surgery","volume":"88","author":"Lund-Johansen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.300.6717.75","article-title":"Relation between systemic hypertension and sleep hypoxaemia or snoring: analysis in 748 men drawn from general practice","volume":"300","author":"Stradling","year":"1990","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)92929-C","article-title":"Heart attacks and sleep apnoea","volume":"336","author":"Stradling","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1159\/000174864","article-title":"Blood pressure and sleep apnea: results of long-term nasal continuous positive airway pressure therapy","volume":"79","author":"Mayer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.99.4.861","article-title":"Daytime hypertension in obstructive sleep apnea: prevalence and contributing risk factors","volume":"99","author":"Millman","year":"1991","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.1991.tb01420.x","article-title":"Effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure on blood pressure and body mass index in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"21","author":"Naughton","year":"1991","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.1991.tb00419.x","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in morbidly obese patients","volume":"230","author":"Rajala","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.101.2.379","article-title":"Evening-to-morning blood pressure variations in snoring patients with and without obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"101","author":"Hoffstein","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.101.4.903","article-title":"Sleepiness and hypertension in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"101","author":"Mendelson","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.102.2.367","article-title":"Systemic hypertension in snorers with and without sleep apnea","volume":"102","author":"Rauscher","year":"1992","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib22","first-page":"S35","article-title":"The influence of nasal continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) on nocturnal hypertension in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients","volume":"16","author":"Akashiba","year":"1993","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib23","first-page":"S3","article-title":"Occurrence and correlates of sleep disordered breathing in the Australian town of Busselton: a preliminary analysis","volume":"16","author":"Bearpark","year":"1993","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.103.4.1147","article-title":"Snoring, hypertension, and the sleep apnea syndrome: an epidemiologic survey of middle-aged women","volume":"103","author":"Gislason","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.48.5.534","article-title":"Sleep-related hypoxaemia in hypertensive and normotensive men","volume":"48","author":"Gleadhill","year":"1993","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib26","first-page":"533","article-title":"Snoring and sleep apnoea in men: association with central obesity and hypertension","volume":"17","author":"Grunstein","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/22.3.439","article-title":"Snoring: sleep apnea and cardiovascular risk factors: the Monica II study","volume":"22","author":"Jennum","year":"1993","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.104.3.775","article-title":"The association between hypertension and sleep apnea in obese patients","volume":"104","author":"Kiselak","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.103.3.717","article-title":"The relationship between the severity of sleep apnea syndrome and 24-h blood pressure values in patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"103","author":"Lavie","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.48.5.529","article-title":"Nasal CPAP and weight loss in hypertensive patients with obstructive sleep apnoea","volume":"48","author":"Rauscher","year":"1993","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/16.6.545","article-title":"Long-term nasal continuous positive airway pressure administration can normalize hypertension in obstructive sleep apnea patients","volume":"16","author":"Suzuki","year":"1993","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/16.6.539","article-title":"Effect of nasal continuous positive airway pressure during sleep on 24-h blood pressure in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"16","author":"Wilcox","year":"1993","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S148","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/16.suppl_8.S148","article-title":"Systemic hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"16","author":"Worsnop","year":"1993","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.150.1.8025776","article-title":"High prevalence of hypertension in sleep apnea patients independent of obesity","volume":"150","author":"Carlson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0860417","article-title":"Ambulatory blood pressure and left ventricular hypertrophy in subjects with untreated obstructive sleep apnoea and snoring, compared with matched control subjects, and their response to treatment","volume":"86","author":"Davies","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-120-5-199403010-00005","article-title":"Sleep apnea and hypertension: a population-based study","volume":"120","author":"Hla","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)92084-2","article-title":"Blood pressure, snoring, obesity, and nocturnal hypoxaemia","volume":"344","author":"Hoffstein","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/17.7.614","article-title":"Insulin levels, blood pressure and sleep apnea","volume":"17","author":"Strohl","year":"1994","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.34.528","article-title":"Daytime hypertension and the effects of short-term nasal continuous positive airway pressure treatment in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"34","author":"Akashiba","year":"1995","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-7061(95)00387-8","article-title":"Hypertension and sleep apnea in black South Africans","volume":"8","author":"Bartel","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib41","first-page":"410","article-title":"Impact of obstructive sleep apnea and sleepiness on metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in the Swedish obese (SOS) study","volume":"19","author":"Grunstein","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-122-7-199504010-00003","article-title":"Upper airway sleep-disordered breathing in women","volume":"122","author":"Guilleminault","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.95.08020222","article-title":"Reduction in sympathetic activity after long-term CPAP treatment in sleep apnoea: cardiovascular implications","volume":"8","author":"Hedner","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.108.4.966","article-title":"The relationship of sleepiness and blood pressure to respiratory variables in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"108","author":"Mendelson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.1995.tb00196.x","article-title":"Determinants of circadian blood pressure rhythm and blood pressure variability in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"4","author":"Nabe","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.2.7633732","article-title":"A community study of snoring and sleep-disordered breathing: health outcomes","volume":"152","author":"Olson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.1995.tb00197.x","article-title":"Influence of obstructive sleep apnea on circadian blood pressure profile","volume":"4","author":"Pankow","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.3109\/08037059509077598","article-title":"Determinants of the awakening rise in systemic blood pressure in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Sforza","year":"1995","journal-title":"Blood Press"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1275","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.107.5.1275","article-title":"Sleep and sleep-disordered breathing in commercial long-haul truck drivers","volume":"107","author":"Stoohs","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.109.4.890","article-title":"The role of sleep-disordered breathing in essential hypertension","volume":"109","author":"Coy","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/19.5.378","article-title":"Ambulatory blood pressure on and off continuous positive airway pressure therapy for the sleep apnea\/hypopnea syndrome: effects in \u201cnon-dippers.\u201d","volume":"19","author":"Engelman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib52","first-page":"140","article-title":"Hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea: ambulatory blood pressure monitoring before and with nCPAP therapy","volume":"85","author":"Lies","year":"1996","journal-title":"Z Kardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2869.1996.t01-1-00007.x","article-title":"Effect of nasal CPAP treatment on plasma volume, aldosterone and 24-h blood pressure in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"5","author":"Saarelainen","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.53.8.631","article-title":"Increased mortality among sleep snorers: a prospective population based study","volume":"53","author":"Lindberg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.157.1.9609063","article-title":"The prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea in hypertensives","volume":"157","author":"Worsnop","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/22.7.849","article-title":"Nasal continuous positive airway pressure changes blood pressure \u201cnon-dippers\u201d to \u201cdippers\u201d in patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"22","author":"Akashiba","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.160.6.9811054","article-title":"Sleep-related breathing disorder is an independent risk factor for systemic hypertension","volume":"160","author":"Grote","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.35.1.144","article-title":"Effect of continuous positive airway pressure on blood pressure: a placebo trial","volume":"35","author":"Dimsdale","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.320.7233.479","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome as a risk factor for hypertension: population study","volume":"320","author":"Lavie","year":"2000","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.14.1829","article-title":"Association of sleep-disordered breathing, sleep apnea, and hypertension in a large community-based study","volume":"283","author":"Nieto","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200005113421901","article-title":"Prospective study of the association between sleep-disordered breathing and hypertension","volume":"342","author":"Peppard","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.30.2.113","article-title":"Adrenergic hyperactivity and cardiac abnormality in primary disorders of sleep","volume":"30","author":"Clark","year":"1980","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(82)90050-1","article-title":"Obstructive apnea: sympathetic activity, respiration and sleep: a case report","volume":"3","author":"Vitiello","year":"1982","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib64","first-page":"223","article-title":"Anthropometric characteristics, cardiac abnormalities and adrenergic activity in patients with primary disorders of sleep","volume":"14","author":"Boudoulas","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1159\/000118304","article-title":"Plasma norepinephrine in sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"16","author":"Ozaki","year":"1986","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib66","first-page":"S20","article-title":"Sleep-related hemodynamics and hypertension with partial or complete upper airway obstruction during sleep","volume":"15","author":"Guilleminault","year":"1992","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/146.5_Pt_1.1240","article-title":"A specific and potent pressor effect of hypoxia in patients with sleep apnea","volume":"146","author":"Hedner","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.3109\/08037059309077548","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and blood pressure elevation: what is the relationship","volume":"2","author":"Carlson","year":"1993","journal-title":"Blood Press"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib69","first-page":"S292","article-title":"Diurnal blood pressure rhythm and urinary catecholamine excretion in obstructive sleep apnoea and essential hypertension","volume":"11","author":"Lapinski","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.3109\/08037059409102277","article-title":"Do autonomic cardiovascular reflexes predict the nocturnal rise in blood pressure in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"3","author":"Sforza","year":"1994","journal-title":"Blood Press"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib71","first-page":"377","article-title":"The effect of sleep apnea on plasma and urinary catecholamines","volume":"18","author":"Dimsdale","year":"1995","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1995.tb07025.x","article-title":"Sleep-apnoea, and autonomic dysfunction: a cardiopressor and pupillometric study","volume":"91","author":"Micieli","year":"1995","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/18.1.39","article-title":"\u03b22-Adrenergic receptor characteristics in sleep apnea patients","volume":"18","author":"Mills","year":"1995","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.34.307","article-title":"Symposium on clinical aspects of sleep-disordered breathing and circulation: 2. Pathophysiology","volume":"34","author":"Nishimura","year":"1995","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib75","first-page":"859","article-title":"The effect of hypoxia on baroreflexes and pressor sensitivity in sleep apnea and hypertension","volume":"18","author":"Ziegler","year":"1995","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.116.3.655","article-title":"Relationship of arousals from sleep to sympathetic nervous system activity and BP in obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"116","author":"Loredo","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-199917010-00010","article-title":"Effects of obstructive sleep apnea on endothelin-1 and blood pressure","volume":"17","author":"Phillips","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1838(99)00039-9","article-title":"Effects of treatment of obstructive sleep apnea on circadian hemodynamics","volume":"77","author":"Voogel","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Auton Nerv Syst"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.117.5.1417","article-title":"Sleep apnea and hypertension: the role of peripheral chemoreceptors and the sympathetic system","volume":"117","author":"Garcia-Rio","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2607","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.21.2607","article-title":"Impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilation of resistance vessels in patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"102","author":"Kato","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.93.04060655","article-title":"Quantification of sleep disordered breathing by computerized analysis of oximetry, heart rate and snoring","volume":"4","author":"Rauscher","year":"1991","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib82","first-page":"39","article-title":"Pathophysiology and clinical effects of chronic hypoxia","volume":"45","author":"Pierson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib83","first-page":"A376","article-title":"Impaired awake perfusion in sleep apnea [abstract]","volume":"141","author":"Daly","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.19.6.520","article-title":"Relation of central hemodynamics to obesity and body fat distribution","volume":"19","author":"Jern","year":"1992","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-198610000-00005","article-title":"Circadian rhythm of plasma renin in older normal and essential hypertensive men: relation with inactive renin, aldosterone, cortisol, and REM sleep","volume":"4","author":"Stern","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib86","first-page":"211","article-title":"Obstructive sleep apnea treatment: peripheral and central effects on plasma renin activity and aldosterone","volume":"14","author":"Follenius","year":"1991","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02459463","article-title":"Hierarchically coupled ultradian oscillators generating robust circadian rhythms","volume":"59","author":"Barrio","year":"1997","journal-title":"Bull Math Biol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1126\/science.280.5369.1564","article-title":"Role of the CLOCK protein in the mammalian circadian mechanism","volume":"280","author":"Gekakis","year":"1998","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.94.07040786","article-title":"The cardiovascular effects of obstructive sleep apnoeas: analysis of pathogenic mechanisms","volume":"7","author":"Bonsignore","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S30","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/16.suppl_8.S30","article-title":"Chemoreflexes: responses, interactions and implications for sleep apnea","volume":"16","author":"Somers","year":"1993","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib91","first-page":"835","article-title":"Role of daytime hypoxia in the pathogenesis of right heart failure in the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"131","author":"Bradley","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib92","first-page":"535","article-title":"Follow-up and outcomes of nasal CPAP therapy in patients with sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"56","author":"McNicholas","year":"2001","journal-title":"Monaldi Arch Chest Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.111.6.1488","article-title":"Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in diastolic heart failure","volume":"111","author":"Chan","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2154","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.21.2154","article-title":"Sleep apnea in 81 ambulatory male patients with stable heart failure: types and their prevalences, consequences, and presentations","volume":"97","author":"Javaheri","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1992.72.2.583","article-title":"Cardiovascular changes associated with the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"75","author":"Stoohs","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5273(81)90050-4","article-title":"Abnormalities of pulmonary artery wedge pressure in sleep apnea","volume":"1","author":"Buda","year":"1981","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.60.2.153","article-title":"Myocardial contractile function during ischemia and hypoxia","volume":"60","author":"Allen","year":"1987","journal-title":"Circulation Res"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1097\/00004872-199010000-00009","article-title":"Left ventricular hypertrophy independent of hypertension in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea","volume":"8","author":"Hedner","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.97.5.1220","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of sleep disorders","volume":"97","author":"Parish","year":"1990","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.100.4.894","article-title":"Leftward shift of the interventricular septum and pulsus paradoxus in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"100","author":"Shiomi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.82.1.122","article-title":"Pulmonary edema as a presenting feature of sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"82","author":"Chaudhary","year":"1982","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1200","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.94.6.1200","article-title":"Long-term outcome for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome patients: mortality","volume":"94","author":"Partinen","year":"1988","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib103","first-page":"626","article-title":"How sleep apnea causes cardiopulmonary and neurologic disease","volume":"12","author":"Jiva","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Crit Illness"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.88.3.335","article-title":"Relationship of ventricular ectopy and oxyhemoglobin desaturation in patients with obstructive sleep apnea","volume":"88","author":"Shepard","year":"1985","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(82)90716-1","article-title":"Cardiac arrhythmias and conduction disturbances in the sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"73","author":"Miller","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2947","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1983.03340210045023","article-title":"Sudden death among southeast Asian refugees: an unexplained nocturnal phenomenon","volume":"250","author":"Baron","year":"1983","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib107","first-page":"313","article-title":"Polysomnographic and electrocardiographic findings in a sudden unexplained nocturnal death syndrome survivor [letter]","volume":"22","author":"Pressman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Sleep Res"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib108","series-title":"Measuring functioning and well-being: the Medical Outcomes Study approach","first-page":"143","article-title":"Health perceptions, energy\/fatigue, and health distress measures","author":"Stewart","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2413","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1997.00440420033005","article-title":"Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure","volume":"157","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1992.03480090061028","article-title":"The effects of nonpharmacologic interventions on blood pressure of persons with high normal levels: results of the trials of hypertension prevention, phase I","volume":"267","year":"1992","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1993.00410020010002","article-title":"The Fifth Report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC V)","volume":"153","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1993.00410020042003","article-title":"National high blood pressure education program working group report on primary prevention of hypertension","volume":"153","author":"National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group","year":"1993","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.28.2.228","article-title":"Trial of stress reduction for hypertension in older African Americans: II. Sex and risk subgroup analysis","volume":"28","author":"Alexander","year":"1996","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1992.00400130061005","article-title":"Reflections on the impact of antihypertensive medications on mood, sedation, and neuropsychologic functioning","volume":"152","author":"Dimsdale","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03510060059034","article-title":"Treatment of mild hypertension study: final results","volume":"270","author":"Neaton","year":"1993","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199304013281302","article-title":"Quality of life and antihypertensive therapy in men: a comparison of captopril with enalapril. The Quality-of-Life Hypertension Study Group","volume":"328","author":"Testa","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.7.693","article-title":"Physical symptoms distress index: a sensitive tool to evaluate the impact of pharmacological agents on quality of life","volume":"159","author":"Anderson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1.244_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.10.1477","article-title":"Medical therapy, symptoms, and the distress they cause: relation to quality of life in patients with angina pectoris and\/or hypertension","volume":"160","author":"Hollenberg","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"}],"container-title":["Chest"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369216343999?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369216343999?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T00:02:43Z","timestamp":1704844963000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0012369216343999"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"references-count":118,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0012369216343999"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.123.1.244","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-3692"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-3692","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]}}}