{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T06:49:41Z","timestamp":1761806981367},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]],"date-time":"2003-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1041379200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"DOI":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50s","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,13]],"date-time":"2003-06-13T20:09:19Z","timestamp":1055534959000},"page":"50S-59S","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"special_numbering":"S","title":["Prevention of Lung Cancer*"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Kelley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Douglas C.","family":"McCrory","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.3322\/canjclin.51.1.15","article-title":"Cancer statistics, 2001","volume":"51","author":"Greenlee","year":"2001","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1755","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-8049(99)00164-1","article-title":"Cancer chemoprevention: progress and promise","volume":"35","author":"Kelloff","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/1047-2797(94)90036-1","article-title":"The alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene lung cancer prevention study: design, methods, participant characteristics, and compliance","volume":"4","author":"The ATBC Cancer Prevention Study Group","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199404143301501","article-title":"The effect of vitamin E and beta carotene on the incidence of lung cancer and other cancers in male smokers","volume":"330","author":"The Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta Carotene Cancer Prevention Study Group","year":"1994","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1560","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/88.21.1560","article-title":"Alpha- Tocopherol, and beta-carotene supplements and lung cancer incidence in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study: effects of base-line characteristics and study compliance","volume":"88","author":"Albanes","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008995430664","article-title":"Effects of beta-carotene supplementation on cancer incidence by baseline characteristics in the Physicians' Health Study (United States)","volume":"11","author":"Cook","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19980130)75:3<362::AID-IJC6>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"Vitamin A, and cancer prevention: II. Comparison of the effects of retinol and beta-carotene","volume":"75","author":"de Klerk","year":"1998","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199605023341802","article-title":"Effects of a combination of beta carotene and vitamin A on lung cancer and cardiovascular disease","volume":"334","author":"Omenn","year":"1996","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/88.21.1550","article-title":"Risk factors for lung cancer and for intervention effects in CARET, the Beta-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial","volume":"88","author":"Omenn","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2102","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/91.24.2102","article-title":"Beta-carotene supplementation and incidence of cancer and cardiovascular disease: the Women's Health Study","volume":"91","author":"Lee","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1038\/290201a0","article-title":"Can dietary beta-carotene materially reduce human cancer rates?","volume":"290","author":"Peto","year":"1981","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00054304","article-title":"Vegetables, fruit, and cancer: II. Mechanisms","volume":"2","author":"Steinmetz","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/1047-2797(95)90014-4","article-title":"What accounts for the association of vegetables and fruits with lower incidence of cancers and coronary heart disease?","volume":"5","author":"Omenn","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib14","first-page":"389","article-title":"The Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET) to prevent lung cancer in high-risk populations: pilot study with cigarette smokers","volume":"2","author":"Goodman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib15","first-page":"530","article-title":"Beta-carotene: the controversy continues","volume":"5","author":"Patrick","year":"2000","journal-title":"Altern Med Rev"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1080\/10715769900300151","article-title":"Lycopene and beta-carotene protect against oxidative damage in HT29 cells at low concentrations but rapidly lose this capacity at higher doses","volume":"30","author":"Lowe","year":"1999","journal-title":"Free Radic Res"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-128-9-199805010-00003","article-title":"Aspirin use and colorectal cancer: post-trial follow-up data from the Physicians' Health Study","volume":"128","author":"Sturmer","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)65759-X","article-title":"SELECT the next prostate cancer prevention trial: Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial","volume":"166","author":"Klein","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.54.4.257","article-title":"Pulmonary preinvasive neoplasia","volume":"54","author":"Kerr","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM195701172560301","article-title":"Changes in the bronchial epithelium in relation to smoking and cancer of the lung","volume":"256","author":"Auerbach","year":"1957","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM196108102650601","article-title":"Changes in bronchial epithelium in relation to cigarette smoking and in relation to lung cancer","volume":"265","author":"Auerbach","year":"1961","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib22","first-page":"304","article-title":"Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of pulmonary cytology: comparison of techniques used in conjunction with flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy","volume":"24","author":"Jay","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acta Cytol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/89.12.857","article-title":"Clonal genetic alterations in the lungs of current and former smokers","volume":"89","author":"Mao","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib24","first-page":"29","article-title":"Changing patterns of lung cancer incidence by histological type","volume":"1","author":"Devesa","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib25","first-page":"1616","article-title":"Angiogenic squamous dysplasia in bronchi of individuals at high risk for lung cancer","volume":"6","author":"Keith","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2388(200003)18:2<100::AID-SSU3>3.0.CO;2-9","article-title":"Lung cancer chemoprevention","volume":"18","author":"Khuri","year":"2000","journal-title":"Semin Surg Oncol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.63.2.203","article-title":"Cytology in diagnosis of cancer affecting the lung: results in 1,000 consecutive patients","volume":"63","author":"Rosa","year":"1973","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199009203231205","article-title":"Prevention of second primary tumors with isotretinoin in squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck","volume":"323","author":"Hong","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1216","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1993.11.7.1216","article-title":"Adjuvant treatment of stage I lung cancer with high-dose vitamin A","volume":"11","author":"Pastorino","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/93.8.605","article-title":"Randomized phase III intergroup trial of isotretinoin to prevent second primary tumors in stage I non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"93","author":"Lippman","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/92.12.977","article-title":"EUROSCAN, a randomized trial of vitamin A and N-acetylcysteine in patients with head and neck cancer or lung cancer: for the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Head and Neck and Lung Cancer Cooperative Groups","volume":"92","author":"van Zandwijk","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib32","first-page":"1457","article-title":"Randomized trial of supplemental beta-carotene to prevent second head and neck cancer","volume":"61","author":"Mayne","year":"2001","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910640403","article-title":"TP53, and RAS mutations in metachronous tumors from patients with cancer of the upper aerodigestive tract","volume":"64","author":"Yang","year":"1995","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib34","author":"National Cancer Institute"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/85.18.1483","article-title":"Nutrition intervention trials in Linxian, China: supplementation with specific vitamin\/mineral combinations, cancer incidence, and disease-specific mortality in the general population","volume":"85","author":"Blot","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03540240035027","article-title":"Effects of selenium supplementation for cancer prevention in patients with carcinoma of the skin: a randomized controlled trial; Nutritional Prevention of Cancer Study Group","volume":"276","author":"Clark","year":"1996","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1097\/00002820-199902000-00003","article-title":"The Robert Tiffany Lectureship: vital signs at the millennium; becoming more than we are","volume":"22","author":"Hilton","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Nurs"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/85.6.457","article-title":"Patterns of absolute risk of lung cancer mortality in former smokers","volume":"85","author":"Halpern","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1349-7006.1993.tb02019.x","article-title":"Lung cancer incidence rate for male ex-smokers according to age at cessation of smoking","volume":"84","author":"Sobue","year":"1993","journal-title":"Jpn J Cancer Res"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.83.6.872","article-title":"A meta-analysis of adolescent smoking prevention programs","volume":"83","author":"Bruvold","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3244","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.24.3244","article-title":"A clinical practice guideline for treating tobacco use and dependence: a US Public Health Service report","volume":"283","author":"The Tobacco Use and Dependence Clinical Practice Guideline Panel, Staff, and Consortium Representatives","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(00)00297-X","article-title":"Reviews of evidence regarding interventions to reduce tobacco use and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke","volume":"20","author":"Hopkins","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib43","series-title":"Smoking cessation: clinical practice guideline No. 18. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research Publication No. 96-0692","author":"Fiore","year":"1996"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib44","series-title":"Treating tobacco use and dependence. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research Publication No. 00-0032","author":"Fiore","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.9.1.47","article-title":"Investing in youth tobacco control: a review of smoking prevention and control strategies","volume":"9","author":"Lantz","year":"2000","journal-title":"Tob Control"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1979","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/92.24.1979","article-title":"Hutchinson Smoking Prevention Project: long-term randomized trial in school-based tobacco use prevention-results on smoking","volume":"92","author":"Peterson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520380042033","article-title":"Long-term follow-up results of a randomized drug abuse prevention trial in a white middle class population","volume":"273","author":"Botvin","year":"1995","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.4278\/0890-1171-13.2.83","article-title":"A review of the health impact of smoking control at the workplace","volume":"13","author":"Eriksen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Health Promot"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0749-3797(18)31202-9","article-title":"Evaluations of workplace smoking cessation programs: a critique","volume":"4","author":"Bibeau","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50S_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.9.2.177","article-title":"Effectiveness of comprehensive tobacco control programmes in reducing teenage smoking in the USA","volume":"9","author":"Wakefield","year":"2000","journal-title":"Tob Control"}],"container-title":["Chest"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369215329822?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369215329822?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,21]],"date-time":"2020-03-21T12:59:58Z","timestamp":1584795598000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0012369215329822"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0012369215329822"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.123.1_suppl.50s","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-3692"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-3692","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,1]]}}}