{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T04:29:06Z","timestamp":1785817746896,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,1]],"date-time":"2003-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1044057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]},"DOI":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.424","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,14]],"date-time":"2003-06-14T00:09:19Z","timestamp":1055549359000},"page":"424-431","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":107,"title":["Continuous Thoracic Paravertebral Infusion of Bupivacaine for Pain Management in Patients With Multiple Fractured Ribs*"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Manoj K.","family":"Karmakar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lester A.H.","family":"Critchley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony M.-H.","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tony","family":"Gin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tak Wai","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony P.C.","family":"Yim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.424_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1995.tb15092.x","article-title":"A thermographic study of paravertebral analgesia","volume":"50","author":"Cheema","year":"1995","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.424_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200109000-00033","article-title":"Thoracic paravertebral block","volume":"95","author":"Karmakar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.424_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"638","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1979.tb06363.x","article-title":"Paravertebral thoracic block: a reappraisal","volume":"34","author":"Eason","year":"1979","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.424_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1989.tb02877.x","article-title":"Thoracic paravertebral block: a method of pain control","volume":"33","author":"Gilbert","year":"1989","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.424_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.bja.a013417","article-title":"Thoracic paravertebral block: radiological evidence of contralateral spread anterior to the vertebral bodies","volume":"84","author":"Karmakar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.424_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1097\/00115550-200103000-00014","article-title":"Thoracic paravertebral block for management of pain associated with multiple fractured ribs in patients with concomitant lumbar spinal trauma","volume":"26","author":"Karmakar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.424_bib7","first-page":"284","article-title":"Paravertebral block in head injured patient with chest trauma","volume":"52","author":"Williamson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.424_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/75.4.405","article-title":"A prospective, randomized comparison of interpleural and paravertebral analgesia in thoracic surgery","volume":"75","author":"Richardson","year":"1995","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.424_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/81.2.230","article-title":"Thoracic paravertebral block","volume":"81","author":"Richardson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.424_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1097\/00115550-200005000-00029","article-title":"Variability of a thoracic paravertebral block: are we ignoring the endothoracic fascia?","volume":"25","author":"Karmakar","year":"2000","journal-title":"Reg Anesth Pain Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.424_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1995.tb06148.x","article-title":"Paravertebral blockade: failure rate and complications","volume":"50","author":"L\u00f6nnqvist","year":"1995","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.424_bib12","series-title":"Local analgesia and abdominal surgery","first-page":"26","author":"MacIntosh","year":"1962"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.424_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1097\/00002508-199009000-00010","article-title":"Paravertebral-peridural block technique: a unilateral thoracic block","volume":"6","author":"Tenicela","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin J Pain"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.424_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-198901000-00008","article-title":"Paravertebral somatic nerve block: a clinical, radiographic, and computed tomographic study in chronic pain patients","volume":"68","author":"Purcell-Jones","year":"1989","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.424_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1981.tb08781.x","article-title":"Accidental intrathecal injection of bupivacaine and dextran","volume":"36","author":"Evans","year":"1981","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.424_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1952.62930090012012e","article-title":"Medial approach for paravertebral somatic nerve block","volume":"148","author":"Shaw","year":"1952","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.424_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.1989.tb11408.x","article-title":"Inadvertent paravertebral block","volume":"44","author":"Gilbert","year":"1989","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.424_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/61.6.657","article-title":"Resin injection of thoracic paravertebral spaces","volume":"61","author":"Conacher","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.424_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9592.1993.tb00042.x","article-title":"Radiological and clinical distribution of thoracic paravertebral blockade in infants and chil-dren","volume":"3","author":"L\u00f6nnquist","year":"1993","journal-title":"Paediatr Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.424_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03014455","article-title":"Serum bupivacaine concentrations during continuous extrapleural infusion","volume":"44","author":"Dauphin","year":"1997","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.424_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198612000-00005","article-title":"The pharmacokinetics of meperidine in acute trauma patients","volume":"26","author":"Kirkwood","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.424_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199804000-00008","article-title":"Use of paravertebral block anesthesia in the surgical management of breast cancer: experience in 156 cases","volume":"227","author":"Coveney","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Surg"}],"container-title":["Chest"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001236921532451X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001236921532451X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,20]],"date-time":"2019-03-20T20:23:58Z","timestamp":1553113438000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S001236921532451X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]},"references-count":22,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S001236921532451X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.123.2.424","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-3692"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-3692","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]}}}