{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T23:21:30Z","timestamp":1774567290291,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,1]],"date-time":"2003-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1044057600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]},"DOI":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,14]],"date-time":"2003-06-14T00:09:19Z","timestamp":1055549359000},"page":"442-451","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":138,"title":["Mediastinal Lymph Node Involvement in Potentially Resectable Lung Cancer*"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Annette","family":"Fritscher-Ravens","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Karl H.","family":"Bohuslavizki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Brandt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Bobrowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Lund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W. Trudo","family":"Kno\u00a8fel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Almuth","family":"Pforte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.182.2.1732943","article-title":"Bronchogenic carcinoma: analysis of staging in the mediastinum with CT by correlative lymph-node mapping and sampling","volume":"182","author":"Mc Loud","year":"1992","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/1010-7940(94)90131-7","article-title":"Value of computed tomography and mediastinoscopy in preoperative evaluation of mediastinal nodes in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"9","author":"Dillemans","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.166.1.3336704","article-title":"Bronchogenic carcinoma metastatic to normal sized lymph nodes: frequency and significance","volume":"166","author":"Gross","year":"1988","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-4975(95)00052-6","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound with fine needle aspiration in the diagnosis and staging of lung cancer","volume":"61","author":"Silvestri","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surgery"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-127-8_Part_1-199710150-00004","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasonography, fine-needle aspiration biopsy guided by endoscopic ultrasonography, and computed tomography in the preoperative staging of non-small-cell lung cancer: a comparison study","volume":"127","author":"Gress","year":"1997","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.117.2.339","article-title":"Role of transesophageal endosonography-guided fine-needle aspiration in the diagnosis of lung cancer","volume":"117","author":"Fritscher-Ravens","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1861","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(01)03205-2","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration for staging with carcinoma of the lung","volume":"72","author":"Wallace","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib8","first-page":"1907","article-title":"Prediction of survival with fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose and PET in head and neck cancer","volume":"38","author":"Minn","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199805000-00017","article-title":"Effectiveness of positron emission tomography for the detection of melanoma metastases","volume":"227","author":"Holder","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1097\/00003072-199504000-00001","article-title":"Characterization of chest masses by FDG positron emission tomography","volume":"20","author":"H\u00fcbner","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.104.4.997","article-title":"Diagnostic efficacy of PET-FDG imaging in solitary pulmonary nodules","volume":"104","author":"Dewan","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.109.4.982","article-title":"Evaluation of pulmonary lesions with FDG-PET","volume":"109","author":"Knight","year":"1996","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib13","first-page":"1191","article-title":"Whole-body positron emission tomography: Part I. Methods and performance characteristics","volume":"3","author":"Dahlbom","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-8389(05)70318-3","article-title":"Positron emission tomography: brain tumors and lung cancer","volume":"39","author":"Hagge","year":"2001","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2090","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.6.8520780","article-title":"Mediastinal staging of non-small cell lung cancer with positron emission tomography","volume":"152","author":"Chin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.108.6.1617","article-title":"Thoracic nodal staging with PET imaging with 18FDG in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma","volume":"108","author":"Patz","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.153.1.8542152","article-title":"Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography in the detection and staging of lung cancer","volume":"153","author":"Sazon","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5223(96)70317-3","article-title":"Mediastinal lymph node staging of non-small cell lung cancer: a perspective comparison of computed tomography and positron emission tomography","volume":"111","author":"Scott","year":"1996","journal-title":"Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00843701","article-title":"The usefulness of FDG positron emission tomography for the detection of mediastinal lymph node metastases in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a comparative study with X-ray computed tomography","volume":"23","author":"Sasaki","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur J Nucl Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.52.5.438","article-title":"Lymph node staging in non-small cell lung cancer: evaluation by [18F]FDG positron emission tomography (PET)","volume":"52","author":"Guhlmann","year":"1997","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2560","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.96.09122560","article-title":"Staging of the mediastinum: value of positron emission tomography imaging in non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"9","author":"Bury","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.202.2.9015071","article-title":"Non-small cell lung cancer: nodal staging with FDG PET vs CT with correlative lymph node mapping and sampling","volume":"202","author":"Steinert","year":"1997","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.112.6.1480","article-title":"Mediastinal lymph node staging with FDG-PET scan in patients with potentially operable non-small cell lung cancer: a prospective analysis of 50 cases; Leuven Lung Cancer Group","volume":"112","author":"Vansteenkiste","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199902000-00018","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of positron emission tomography with FDG and computed tomographic scanning in preoperative staging of non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"229","author":"Gupta","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.117.3.773","article-title":"Comparative efficacy of positron emission tomography with fluorodeoxyglucose in evaluation of small (< 1 m), intermediate (1 to 3 cm), and large (> 3 cm) lymph node lesions","volume":"117","author":"Gupta","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200007273430404","article-title":"Preoperative staging of non-small cell lung cancer with positron emission tomography","volume":"343","author":"Pietermann","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1097\/00000421-200002000-00014","article-title":"Accuracy and clinical impact of mediastinal lymph node staging with FDG-PET imaging in potentially resectable lung cancer","volume":"23","author":"Weng","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.120.2.521","article-title":"Mediastinal lymph node sampling following positron emission tomography with fluorodeoxyglucose imaging in lung cancer staging","volume":"120","author":"Gupta","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1009106","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasound vs computed tomography in the evaluation of the mediastinum in patients with non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"26","author":"Hawes","year":"1994","journal-title":"Endoscopy"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1159\/000029357","article-title":"Diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasonography guided fine-needle aspiration cytology of mediastinal masses in patients with intrapulmonary lesions and non-diagnostic bronchoscopy","volume":"66","author":"Fritscher-Ravens","year":"1999","journal-title":"Respiration"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.1.123","article-title":"Induction therapy for non-small cell lung cancer with involved mediastinal nodes in multiple stations","volume":"118","author":"Okada","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1164\/arrd.1983.127.5.659","article-title":"American Thoracic Society clinical staging of primary lung cancer","volume":"127","author":"Tisi","year":"1983","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.178.3.1847239","article-title":"CT and MRI imaging in staging non-small-cell bronchogenic carcinoma: report of the Radiologic Diagnostic Oncology Group","volume":"178","author":"Webb","year":"1991","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(16)44330-6","article-title":"The new International Staging System for Lung Cancer","volume":"67","author":"Mountain","year":"1987","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(94)70206-3","article-title":"Endosonographic features predictive of lymph node metastasis","volume":"40","author":"Catalano","year":"1994","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S12","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2000.110721","article-title":"EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration in the mediastinum","volume":"52","author":"Barawi","year":"2000","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1148\/radiology.219.1.r01ap44252","article-title":"Evaluation of mediastinal lymph-adenopathy with endoscopic US-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy","volume":"219","author":"Wiersema","year":"2001","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1067\/mge.2001.115338","article-title":"EUS and fine-needle aspiration in the evaluation of mediastinal masses superior to the aortic arch","volume":"53","author":"Arluk","year":"2001","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(97)70176-7","article-title":"A comparison of the accuracy of echo features during endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration for diagnosis of malignant lymph node invasion","volume":"45","author":"Bhutani","year":"1997","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib40","series-title":"Bronchology: research, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects","first-page":"37","article-title":"The reliability of cytodiagnosis in determining malignancy and histogenetic tumor type","author":"Atay","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1937.10503522","article-title":"The use of ranks to avoid the assumption of normality implicit in the analysis of variance","volume":"32","author":"Friedman","year":"1937","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.2307\/3001616","article-title":"Some methods for strengthening the common chi-square tests","volume":"10","author":"Cochran","year":"1954","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.156.1.ats156.1","article-title":"Pretreatment evaluation of non small-cell lung cancer: the official statement of the American Thoracic Society and the European Respiratory Society","volume":"156","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1538","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.106.5.1538","article-title":"Chest CT for known or suspected lung cancer","volume":"106","author":"Colice","year":"1994","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1257","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.50.12.1267","article-title":"Bronchogenic carcinoma: incidence of metastasis to normal sized lymph nodes","volume":"50","author":"Arita","year":"1995","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.18.5.9747607","article-title":"Imaging of mediastinal lymph nodes: CT, MR, and FDG PET","volume":"18","author":"Boiselle","year":"1998","journal-title":"Radiographics"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5107(96)81510-0","article-title":"Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of lymph nodes","volume":"43","author":"Vilmann","year":"1996","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib48","first-page":"1630","article-title":"Transbronchial needle aspiration: guidance with CT fluoroscopy","volume":"118","author":"White","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.2.9902040","article-title":"The utility of transbronchial needle aspiration in the staging of bronchogenic carcinoma","volume":"161","author":"Harrow","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-4975(01)03447-6","article-title":"Role of fiberoptic transbronchial needle aspiration in the staging of N2 disease due to non-small cell lung cancer","volume":"73","author":"Patelli","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Thorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib51","first-page":"169","article-title":"Clinical usefulness and cost effectiveness of transbronchial needle aspiration for the diagnosis of mediastinal lymphadenopathy","volume":"201","author":"Villar","year":"2001","journal-title":"Rev Clin Esp"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib52","first-page":"AB79","article-title":"Prospective comparison of transbronchial needle aspiration biopsy (TBNA) and endosonography guided biopsy (EUS-FNA) of mediastinal lymph nodes in patients with known or suspected non small cell lung cancer [abstract]","volume":"55","author":"Wiersema","year":"2002","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1424","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.153.4.8616576","article-title":"Endobronchial ultrasound-guided needle aspiration of mediastinal adenopathy","volume":"153","author":"Shannon","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.121.5.1498","article-title":"Endobronchial ultrasonography for mediastinal and hilar lymph node metastases of lung cancer","volume":"121","author":"Okamoto","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib55","first-page":"36","article-title":"Endobronchial ultrasound of the airways and the mediastinum","volume":"55","author":"Herth","year":"2000","journal-title":"Monaldi Arch Chest Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.112.1.251","article-title":"Underutilization of transbronchial needle aspiration: experiences of current pulmonary fellows","volume":"112","author":"Haponik","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-5231(05)70125-8","article-title":"Transbronchial needle aspiration: an underused diagnostic technique","volume":"20","author":"Dasgupta","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Chest Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.2.442_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.100.6.1668","article-title":"Bronchoscopy in North America: the ACCP survey","volume":"100","author":"Prakash","year":"1991","journal-title":"Chest"}],"container-title":["Chest"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369215324545?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369215324545?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,20]],"date-time":"2019-03-20T20:23:56Z","timestamp":1553113436000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0012369215324545"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S0012369215324545"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.123.2.442","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-3692"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-3692","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,2]]}}}