{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T06:38:25Z","timestamp":1791182305996,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,5,1]],"date-time":"2003-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1051747200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]},"DOI":"10.1378\/chest.123.5.1503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,13]],"date-time":"2003-06-13T20:09:19Z","timestamp":1055534959000},"page":"1503-1511","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":119,"title":["Impact of Initial Antibiotic Choice on Clinical Outcomes in Community-Acquired Pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"123","author":[{"given":"Richard B.","family":"Brown","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Iannini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Kunkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.5.1503_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03530260048030","article-title":"Prognosis and outcomes of patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a meta-analysis","volume":"275","author":"Fine","year":"1996","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.5.1503_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199009000-00004","article-title":"New and emerging etiologies for community-acquired pneumonia with implications for therapy","volume":"69","author":"Fang","year":"1990","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.5.1503_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/11.4.586","article-title":"Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization: 5-year prospective study","volume":"4","author":"Marrie","year":"1989","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.5.1503_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1021315","article-title":"The cost of treating patients with community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"20","author":"Lave","year":"1999","journal-title":"Semin Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.5.1503_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.14.1550","article-title":"Prognosis after community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly","volume":"159","author":"Koivula","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.5.1503_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1086\/318124","article-title":"Community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly","volume":"31","author":"Marrie","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.5.1503_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1086\/341978","article-title":"Failure of macrolide antibiotic treatment in patients with bacteremia due to erythromycin-resistantStreptococcus pneumoniae","volume":"35","author":"Lonks","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.5.1503_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199907223410403","article-title":"Decreased susceptibility ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeto fluoroquinolones in Canada","volume":"341","author":"Chen","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1378\/chest.123.5.1503_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1086\/324525","article-title":"Regional trends in antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates ofStreptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, andMoraxella catarrhalisin the United States: results for the TRUST surveillance program, 1999\u20132000","volume":"34","author":"Thornsberry","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.5.1503_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1086\/315853","article-title":"The emergence ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeresistant to macrolide antimicrobial agents: a 6-year population-based assessment","volume":"182","author":"Gay","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.5.1503_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.163.7.at1010","article-title":"Guidelines for the management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"163","author":"American Thoracic Society","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.5.1503_bib12","first-page":"399","article-title":"Management of community-acquired pneumonia in the era of penicillin resistance","volume":"160","author":"Heffelfinger","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.5.1503_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1086\/313954","article-title":"Practice guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults","volume":"31","author":"Bartlett","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.5.1503_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1086\/313959","article-title":"Canadian guidelines for the initial management of community-acquired pneumonia: an evidence-based update by the Canadian Infectious Diseases Society and the Canadian Thoracic Society","volume":"31","author":"Mandell","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.5.1503_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2576","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.21.2576","article-title":"Effect of macrolides as part of initial antibiotic therapy on length of stay in patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"159","author":"Stahl","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.5.1503_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2562","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.21.2562","article-title":"Associations between initial antimicrobial therapy and medical outcomes for hospitalized elderly patients with pneumonia","volume":"159","author":"Gleason","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.5.1503_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1837","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.161.15.1837","article-title":"Monotherapy may be suboptimal for severe bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia","volume":"161","author":"Waterer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.5.1503_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(93)90177-Q","article-title":"Validation of a pneumonia prognostic index using the MedisGroups comparative hospital database","volume":"94","author":"Fine","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.5.1503_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(90)90211-U","article-title":"Hospitalization decision in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a prospective study","volume":"89","author":"Fine","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.5.1503_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199701233360402","article-title":"A prediction rule to identify low-risk patients with community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"336","author":"Fine","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.5.1503_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02560518","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of ceftriaxone 1 gram vs. second-generation cephalosporins in the treatment of pneumonia in general medical wards in Germany","volume":"27","author":"Dietrich","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.5.1503_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(99)00037-0","article-title":"A randomised multicentre study of ceftriaxone versus standard therapy in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections","volume":"12","author":"deKlerk","year":"1999","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.5.1503_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.19174","article-title":"Antimicrobial selection for hospitalized patients with presumed community-acquired pneumonia: a survey of nonteaching US community hospitals","volume":"34","author":"Dudas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.5.1503_bib24","series-title":"Statistics for the behavioral sciences.","author":"Jaccard","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.5.1503_bib25","series-title":"Nonparametric statistical methods","author":"Hollander","year":"1973"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.5.1503_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1097\/00019048-199301000-00004","article-title":"Community-acquired pneumonia caused by mixed aerobic pathogens","volume":"2","author":"Brown","year":"1993","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.5.1503_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1086\/341771","article-title":"Legionnaires disease with bacteremic coinfection","volume":"35","author":"Tan","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.5.1503_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1086\/318157","article-title":"Breakthrough pneumococcal bacteremia in patients being treated with azithromycin and clarithromycin","volume":"31","author":"Kelley","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.5.1503_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1086\/315853","article-title":"The emergence ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeresistant to macrolide antimicrobial agents: a 6-year population-based assessment","volume":"182","author":"Gay","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.5.1503_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa012122","article-title":"Resistance to levofloxacin and failure of treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia","volume":"346","author":"Davidson","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.5.1503_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2511","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.159.21.2511","article-title":"The best treatment for pneumonia: new clues, but no definitive answers [editorial]","volume":"159","author":"Dowell","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.123.5.1503_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/40.1.29","article-title":"Relationship of patient age to clinical features and outcome for in-hospital treatment of pneumonia","volume":"40","author":"Fedullo","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Gerontol"}],"container-title":["Chest"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369215336825?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369215336825?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,20]],"date-time":"2019-03-20T16:25:34Z","timestamp":1553099134000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0012369215336825"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]}},"alternative-id":["S0012369215336825"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.123.5.1503","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-3692"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-3692","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,5]]}}}