{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T19:23:39Z","timestamp":1784661819061,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,1]],"date-time":"2003-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1062374400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]},"DOI":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,9,11]],"date-time":"2003-09-11T16:35:50Z","timestamp":1063298150000},"page":"1090-1102","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Alveolar-Capillary Membrane Dysfunction in Heart Failure"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"124","author":[{"given":"Marco","family":"Guazzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2774","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.24.2774","article-title":"Gas exchange efficiency in congestive heart failure","volume":"101","author":"Johnson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2001.2803","article-title":"Alveolar-capillary membrane conductance: a novel prognostic indicator in heart failure","volume":"23","author":"Guazzi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2769","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.91.11.2769","article-title":"Reduced alveolar-capillary membrane diffusing capacity in chronic heart failure: its pathophysiological relevance and relationship to exercise performance","volume":"91","author":"Puri","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.95.7.1930","article-title":"Improvement of alveolar-capillary membrane diffusing capacity with enalapril in chronic heart failure and counteracting effect of aspirin","volume":"95","author":"Guazzi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(98)00360-9","article-title":"Alteration of the alveolar-capillary membrane diffusing capacity in chronic left heart failure","volume":"82","author":"Assayag","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(98)00784-X","article-title":"Lung membrane diffusing capacity, heart failure and heart transplantation","volume":"83","author":"Mettauer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib7","first-page":"531","article-title":"The pulmonary circulation: remodeling in growth and disease","volume":"119","author":"Reid","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib8","series-title":"Human pulmonary circulation","first-page":"329","article-title":"Structural changes in the lung associated with pulmonary venous hypertension","author":"Harris","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2764","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.23.2764","article-title":"Hemodynamic stresses induce endothelial dysfunction and remodeling of pulmonary artery in experimental compensated heart failure","volume":"101","author":"Driss","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.3.622","article-title":"Vulnerability of pulmonary capillaries in heart disease","volume":"92","author":"West","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2504","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.91.10.2504","article-title":"Structural basis for heart failure: ventricular remodeling and its pharmacological inhibition","volume":"91","author":"Cohn","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.12.1342","article-title":"Targeting pathological remodeling: concepts of cardioprotection and reparation","volume":"102","author":"Weber","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199910213411706","article-title":"Signaling pathways for cardiac hypertrophy and failure","volume":"341","author":"Hunter","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"749","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0895-749","article-title":"Heart and lung disease in engineered mouse: technological miniaturization combined with the power of molecular genetics make the mouse a model animal for understanding human cardiovascular and pulmonary disease","volume":"1","author":"Lin","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI8258","article-title":"Lung fluid transport in aquaporin-5 knockout mice","volume":"105","author":"Ma","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib16","first-page":"L867","article-title":"Aquaporin water channels and lung physiology","volume":"278","author":"Verkman","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib17","first-page":"L487","article-title":"Salt and water transport across alveolar and distal airway epithelia in the adult lung","volume":"270","author":"Matthay","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.91.4.1487","article-title":"Cytoskeletal regulation of pulmonary vascular permeability","volume":"91","author":"Dudek","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.6.8520796","article-title":"Single-breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity: recommendation for a standard technique; 1995 update","volume":"152","author":"American Thoracic Society","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1957.11.2.290","article-title":"Relative importance of diffusion and chemical reaction rates in determining rate of exchange of gases in human lung, with special reference to true diffusing capacity of blood in the lung capillary","volume":"11","author":"Roughton","year":"1957","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2483","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.89.6.2483","article-title":"Pulmonary capillary stress failure","volume":"89","author":"West","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1991.71.2.573","article-title":"Ultrastructural appearances of pulmonary capillaries at high transmural pressures","volume":"71","author":"Tsukimoto","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib23","first-page":"L766","article-title":"Morphofunctional analysis of lung tissue in mild interstitial edema","volume":"282","author":"Conforti","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1992.73.3.1150","article-title":"Short-term reversibility of ultrastructural changes in pulmonary capillaries caused by stress failure","volume":"23","author":"Elliott","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.77.2.317","article-title":"Pulmonary microvascular permeability; responses to high vascular pressure after induction of pacing induced heart failure in dogs","volume":"77","author":"Tomsley","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1002\/path.1711110404","article-title":"Ultrastructure of the alveolar capillary wall in mitral stenosis","volume":"111","author":"Kay","year":"1973","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1253\/jcj.43.945","article-title":"Electron microscopic studies on the alveolar-capillary barrier in patients with chronic pulmonary edema","volume":"43","author":"Lee","year":"1979","journal-title":"Jpn Circ J"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib28","first-page":"223","article-title":"Pulmonary edema and elevated left atrial pressure: four hours and beyond","volume":"17","author":"Drake","year":"2002","journal-title":"News Physiol Sci"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1920","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.158.6.9804076","article-title":"Alveolar hypoxia increases gene expression of extracellular matrix proteins and platelet-derived growth factor-B in lung parenchyma","volume":"158","author":"Berg","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib30","first-page":"273","article-title":"Regulation of apoptosis by angiotensin II in the heart and lungs","volume":"7","author":"Filippatos","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib31","first-page":"L624","article-title":"Norepinephrine induces alveolar epithelial apoptosis mediated by alpha-, beta-, and angiotensin receptor activation","volume":"281","author":"Dincer","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.67.1.68","article-title":"Mechanism of pulmonary edema induced by tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1","volume":"67","author":"Hocking","year":"1990","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib33","first-page":"L1258","article-title":"Mechanisms of TNF-\u03b1 stimulation of amiloride-sensitive sodium transport across alveolar epithelium","volume":"280","author":"Fukuda","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.88.5.1890","article-title":"Hypoxia regulates gene expression of alveolar epithelial transport proteins","volume":"88","author":"Clerici","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1999.87.3.962","article-title":"Impairment of transalveolar fluid transport and lung Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase function by hypoxia in rats","volume":"87","author":"Suzuki","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1165\/ajrcmb.25.5.f219","article-title":"Modification of sodium transport and alveolar fluid clearance by hypoxia: mechanisms and physiological implications","volume":"25","author":"Hardiman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.9.1190","article-title":"Acute saline infusion reduces alveolar-capillary membrane conductance and increases airflow obstruction in patients with left ventricular dysfunction","volume":"99","author":"Puri","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1161\/01.HYP.34.6.1202","article-title":"Impeded alveolar-capillary gas transfer with saline infusion in heart failure","volume":"34","author":"Guazzi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.physiol.61.1.627","article-title":"Sodium channels in alveolar epithelial cells: molecular characterization, biophysical properties, and physiological significance","volume":"61","author":"Matalon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(01)02199-3","article-title":"Effect of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus on pulmonary function and exercise tolerance in chronic congestive heart failure","volume":"89","author":"Guazzi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(88)91199-X","article-title":"Acute myocardial infarction in diabetes mellitus and significance of congestive heart failure as a prognostic factor","volume":"62","author":"Savage","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1982.tb01304.x","article-title":"A comparison of the microvascular lesions in diabetes mellitus with those of normal ageing","volume":"30","author":"Wracko","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.31.189","article-title":"Abnormalities in pulmonary function in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"31","author":"Mori","year":"1992","journal-title":"Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1802","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.25.10.1802","article-title":"Insulin improves the alveolar-capillary membrane gas conductance in type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"25","author":"Guazzi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200203-234OC","article-title":"Diabetes worsens alveolar-capillary gas diffusion and insulin contrasts this effect","volume":"166","author":"Guazzi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib46","first-page":"II-646","article-title":"Insulin improves exercise ventilatory efficiency and exercise oxygen uptake in patients with heart failure and type 2 diabetes [abstract]","volume":"106","author":"Guazzi","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1053\/rmed.1999.0740","article-title":"Importance of adjusting carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (Dlco) and carbon monoxide transfer coefficient (KCO) for alveolar volume","volume":"94","author":"Johnson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.13.1406","article-title":"Impaired pulmonary diffusion during exercise in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"100","author":"Smith","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(93)90096-J","article-title":"Pulmonary and peripheral vascular factors are important determinants of peak exercise oxygen uptake in patients with heart failure","volume":"21","author":"Kraemer","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a060886","article-title":"Exercise intolerance in patients with chronic heart failure: role of pulmonary diffusing limitation","volume":"16","author":"Messner-Pellenc","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(93)90189-8","article-title":"Exercise-induced hypoxemia in heart transplant recipient","volume":"22","author":"Braith","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1661","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.118.6.1661","article-title":"Exercise intolerance following heart transplantation: the role of pulmonary diffusing capacity impairment","volume":"118","author":"Al Rawas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.66.1.143","article-title":"Arterial oxygenation and arterial oxygen transport in chronic myocardial failure at rest, during exercise and after hydralazine treatment","volume":"66","author":"Rubin","year":"1982","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.71.6.528","article-title":"Usefulness of arterial blood gas estimations during exercise in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"71","author":"Clark","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(01)01703-9","article-title":"Alveolar-capillary gas exchange and exercise performance in heart failure","volume":"88","author":"Guazzi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1774","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.122.5.1774","article-title":"Recruitment of lung diffusing capacity: update of concept and application","volume":"122","author":"Hsia","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.77.3.552","article-title":"Increased exercise ventilation in patients with chronic heart failure: intact ventilatory control despite hemodynamic and pulmonary abnormalities","volume":"77","author":"Sullivan","year":"1988","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.7.2221","article-title":"Lung function and exercise gas exchange in chronic heart failure","volume":"96","author":"Wasserman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1983.00350030039007","article-title":"Serial pulmonary function in patients with acute heart failure","volume":"143","author":"Light","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)00929-3","article-title":"Lack of improvement of diffusing lung capacity following fluid withdrawal by ultrafiltration in chronic heart failure","volume":"36","author":"Agostoni","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.115.5.1305","article-title":"Ventilation and diffusion abnormalities in long-term survivors after orthotopic heart transplantation","volume":"115","author":"Ewert","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(90)90428-G","article-title":"Abnormal pulmonary function specifically related to congestive heart failure: comparison of patients before and after cardiac transplantation","volume":"88","author":"Hosenpud","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.103.3.857","article-title":"Diffusing capacity decreases after heart transplantation","volume":"103","author":"Ohar","year":"1993","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S1010-7940(00)00359-6","article-title":"Mechanisms of pulmonary transfer factor decline following heart transplantation","volume":"17","author":"Al-Rawas","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiothorac Surg"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-9236(99)70111-6","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition facilitates alveolar-capillary gas transfer, and improves ventilation\/perfusion coupling in patients with left ventricular dysfunction","volume":"65","author":"Guazzi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1042\/cs0960017","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition restores the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide in patients with chronic heart failure by improving the molecular diffusion across the alveolar capillary membrane","volume":"96","author":"Guazzi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)01131-1","article-title":"Modulation of alveolar-capillary sodium handling as a mechanism of protection of gas transfer by enalapril, and not by losartan, in chronic heart failure","volume":"37","author":"Guazzi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib68","first-page":"467","article-title":"Fibrosis, a common pathway to organ failure: angiotensin II and tissue repair","volume":"17","author":"Weber","year":"1997","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1572","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(97)00781-9","article-title":"Comparison of changes in respiratory function and exercise oxygen uptake with losartan versus enalapril in congestive heart failure secondary to ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"80","author":"Guazzi","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1794","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000031735.86021.79","article-title":"Angiotensin-converting enzyme genotype modulates pulmonary function and exercise capacity in treated patients with congestive stable heart failure","volume":"106","author":"Abraham","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(99)70148-1","article-title":"Pulmonary function, cardiac function and exercise capacity in a follow-up of congestive heart failure patients treated with carvedilol","volume":"138","author":"Guazzi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib72","first-page":"L1039","article-title":"Amiodarone induces apoptosis of human and rat alveolar epithelial cellsin vitro","volume":"278","author":"Bargout","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(97)00157-5","article-title":"Pulmonary effect of amiodarone in patients with heart failure: the congestive heart failure-survival trial of antiarrhytmic therapy (CHF-STAT) investigators","volume":"30","author":"Singh","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Chest"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001236921537673X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S001236921537673X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,25]],"date-time":"2019-02-25T06:23:10Z","timestamp":1551075790000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S001236921537673X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S001236921537673X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.124.3.1090","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-3692"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-3692","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2003,9]]}}}