{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T07:58:41Z","timestamp":1787039921035,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,1]],"date-time":"2004-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1091318400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,8]]},"DOI":"10.1378\/chest.126.2.476","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,8,9]],"date-time":"2004-08-09T17:58:38Z","timestamp":1092074318000},"page":"476-486","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":364,"title":["Rate Control vs Rhythm Control in Patients With Nonvalvular Persistent Atrial Fibrillation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Grzegorz","family":"Opolski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Torbicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dariusz A.","family":"Kosior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcin","family":"Szulc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beata","family":"Wozakowska-Kap\u0142on","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Ko\u0142odziej","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piotr","family":"Achremczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.2.476_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199205073261906","article-title":"Management of atrial fibrillation","volume":"326","author":"Pritchet","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.2.476_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2144","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.19.2144","article-title":"Rate control and sinus rhythm maintenance in atrial fibrillation","volume":"158","author":"Stafford","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.2.476_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(89)90074-0","article-title":"Arrhythmogenic drugs effects: a study of 506 patients treated for ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation","volume":"14","author":"Stanton","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.2.476_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(92)90003-6","article-title":"Antiarrhythmic drug therapy and cardiac mortality in atrial fibrillation","volume":"20","author":"Flaker","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.2.476_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50N","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(98)00586-4","article-title":"Proarrhythmia","volume":"82","author":"Friedman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.2.476_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.82.4.1106","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of quinidine therapy for maintenance of sinus rhythm after cardioversion: a meta-analysis of randomized control trials","volume":"82","author":"Coplen","year":"1990","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.2.476_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(91)90828-9","article-title":"Serial antiarrhythmic drug treatment to maintain sinus rhythm after electrical cardioversion for persistent atrial fibrillation or flutter","volume":"68","author":"Crijns","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.2.476_bib8","first-page":"1290","article-title":"Left ventricular dysfunction due to atrial fibrillation in patients initially believed to have idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"13","author":"Grogan","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.2.476_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021328","article-title":"A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"347","author":"Wyse","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.2.476_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1789","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03230-X","article-title":"Rhythm or rate control in atrial fibrillation: Pharmacological Intervention In Atrial Fibrillation (PIAF); a randomized trial","volume":"356","author":"Hohnloser","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.2.476_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021375","article-title":"A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with recurrent persistent atrial fibrillation","volume":"347","author":"Van Gelder","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.2.476_bib12","first-page":"413","article-title":"Should sinus rhythm be restored in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation? Preliminary results from the Polish \u201cHot Cafe\u201d study","volume":"5","author":"Opolski","year":"1999","journal-title":"Pol Arch Med Wewn"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.2.476_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.108.4_Supplement.352S","article-title":"Antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation","volume":"108","author":"Laupacis","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.2.476_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(92)90974-Z","article-title":"Assessment of the efficacy and safety of antiarrhythmic therapy for persistent atrial fibrillation: observation on the role of trial design and implications of drug-related mortality","volume":"124","author":"Reimold","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.2.476_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.84.1.455","article-title":"Guidelines for implantation of cardiac pacemakers and antiarrhythmic devices: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association task Force of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Cardiovascular Procedures (Committee on Pacemaker Implantation)","volume":"84","author":"Dreifus","year":"1991","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.2.476_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-7317(89)80014-8","article-title":"Recommendations for quantification of left ventricle by two-dimensional echocardiography: American Society of Echocardiography Committee on Standards, Subcommittee on Quantification of Two-Dimensional Echocardiograms","volume":"6","author":"Schiller","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.2.476_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.72.2.161","article-title":"Functional capacity before and after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation: a controlled study","volume":"72","author":"Gosselink","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1378\/chest.126.2.476_bib18","first-page":"282","article-title":"Electrical cardioversion strategy does not reduce risk of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation [abstract]","volume":"16","author":"Van Gelder","year":"1995","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.2.476_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1690","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00332-2","article-title":"Randomized trial of rate-control versus rhythm control in persistent atrial fibrillation: The Strategies of Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (STAF) study","volume":"41","author":"Carlsson","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Chest"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369215311600?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369215311600?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,4]],"date-time":"2019-02-04T20:57:21Z","timestamp":1549313841000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0012369215311600"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,8]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0012369215311600"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.126.2.476","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-3692"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-3692","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,8]]}}}