{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T17:53:32Z","timestamp":1773856412348,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":152,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,1]],"date-time":"2004-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1093996800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,1]],"date-time":"2004-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1093996800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","journal.chestnet.org","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Chest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"DOI":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549s","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,21]],"date-time":"2004-09-21T18:47:46Z","timestamp":1095792466000},"page":"549S-575S","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"special_numbering":"S","title":["Thrombolysis and Adjunctive Therapy in Acute Myocardial Infarction"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"126","author":[{"given":"Venu","family":"Menon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert A.","family":"Harrington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judith S.","family":"Hochman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christopher P.","family":"Cannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaun D.","family":"Goodman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert G.","family":"Wilcox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Holger J.","family":"Sch\u00fcnemann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"E. Magnus","family":"Ohman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199201233260406","article-title":"The pathogenesis of coronary artery disease and the acute coronary syndromes (1)","volume":"326","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199201303260506","article-title":"The pathogenesis of coronary artery disease and the acute coronary syndromes (2)","volume":"326","author":"Fuster","year":"1992","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib3","first-page":"311","article-title":"Fibrinolytic Therapy Trialists' (FTT) Collaborative Group","volume":"343","author":"Indications for fibrinolytic therapy in suspected acute myocardial infarction: collaborative overview of ear lymortality and major morbidity results from all randomised trials of more than 1000 patients","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib4","first-page":"287","article-title":"Treatment of patients suffering from early, myocardial infarction with massive and prolonged streptokinase therapy","volume":"71","author":"Fletcher","year":"1958","journal-title":"Trans Assoc Am Physicians"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a061905","article-title":"Intravenous and intracoronary fibrinolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction: overview of results on mortality, reinfarction and side-effects from 33 randomized controlled trials","volume":"6","author":"Yusuf","year":"1985","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960020507","article-title":"Acute myocardial infarction: intracoronary application of nitroglycerin and streptokinase","volume":"2","author":"Rentrop","year":"1979","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(85)80107-8","article-title":"Time from onset of symptoms to thrombolytic therapy: a major determinant of myocardial salvage in patients with acute transmural infarction","volume":"6","author":"Mathey","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.70.5.867","article-title":"Global and regional left ventricular function and tomographic radionuclide perfusion: the Western Washington Intracoronary Streptokinase in Myocardial Infarction Trial","volume":"70","author":"Ritchie","year":"1984","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1477","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198312153092402","article-title":"Western Washington randomized trial of intracoronary streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction","volume":"309","author":"Kennedy","year":"1983","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2088","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1988.03410140100032","article-title":"Overview of results of randomized clinical trials in heart disease: I. Treatments following myocardial infarction","volume":"260","author":"Yusuf","year":"1988","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib11","first-page":"673","article-title":"The GUSTO investigators","volume":"329","author":"An international randomized trial comparing four thrombolytic strategies for acute myocardial infarction","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3A","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(88)92635-6","article-title":"Randomized trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both, or neither among 17,187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-2.ISIS-2 (Second International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group","volume":"12","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib13","first-page":"397","article-title":"Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Streptochinasi nell'Infarto Miocardico (GISSI)","volume":"1","author":"Effectiveness of intravenous thrombolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.119.1_suppl.253S","article-title":"Intravenous thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction","volume":"119","author":"Ohman","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib15","first-page":"349","article-title":"ISIS-2 (Second International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group","volume":"2","author":"Randomised trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both, or neither among 17, 187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-2","year":"1988","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198606053142301","article-title":"A prospective trial of intravenous streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction (I.S.A.M.): mortality, morbidity, and infarct size at 21 days. The I.S.A.M. Study Group","volume":"314","year":"1986","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib17","first-page":"767","article-title":"EMERAS (Estudio Multicentrico Estreptoquinasa Republicas de America del Sur) Collaborative Group","volume":"342","author":"Randomised trial of late thrombolysis in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2659","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.24.2659","article-title":"Ten-year follow-up of the first megatrial testing thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction: results of the Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto-1 study. The GISSI Investigators","volume":"98","author":"Franzosi","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.316.7141.1337","article-title":"ISIS-2: 10 year survival among patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction in randomised comparison of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both, or neither. The ISIS-2 (Second International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group","volume":"316","author":"Baigent","year":"1998","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(94)90552-5","article-title":"A pooled analysis of coronary arterial patency and left ventricular function after intravenous thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction","volume":"74","author":"Granger","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(89)90399-9","article-title":"Improved thrombolysis with a modified dose regimen of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator","volume":"14","author":"Neuhaus","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(92)90131-6","article-title":"Randomized angiographic trial of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (alteplase) in myocardial infarction. RAAMI Study Investigators","volume":"20","author":"Carney","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(92)90265-O","article-title":"Improved thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction with front-loaded administration of alteplase: results of the rt-PA-APSAC patency study (TAPS)","volume":"19","author":"Neuhaus","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1602","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)90163-5","article-title":"Comparison of front-loaded recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator, anistreplase and combination thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: results of the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 4 trial","volume":"24","author":"Cannon","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib25","first-page":"1615","article-title":"The GUSTO Angiographic Investigators","volume":"329","author":"The effects of tissue plasminogen activator, streptokinase, or both on coronary-artery patency, ventricular function, and survival after acute myocardial infarction","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib26","first-page":"1692","article-title":"GISSI-2 and International Study Group. Gruppo Italiano per lo Studio della Sopravvivenza nell'Infarto","volume":"13","author":"Six-month survival in 20,891 patients with acute myocardial infarction randomized between alteplase and streptokinase with or without heparin","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib27","first-page":"753","article-title":"ISIS-3 (Third International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group","volume":"339","author":"ISIS-3: a randomised comparison of streptokinase vs tissue plasminogen activator vs anistreplase and of aspirin plus heparin vs aspirin alone among 41,299 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.91.7.1923","article-title":"Link between the angiographic substudy and mortality outcomes in a large randomized trial of myocardial reperfusion: importance of early and complete infarct artery reperfusion. GUSTO-I Investigators","volume":"91","author":"Simes","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib29","first-page":"1","article-title":"GUSTO, TIMI and the case for rapid reperfusion","volume":"49","author":"Cannon","year":"1994","journal-title":"Acta Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.82.3.781","article-title":"Consequences of reocclusion after successful reperfusion therapy in acute myocardial infarction. TAMI Study Group","volume":"82","author":"Ohman","year":"1990","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1097\/00019501-199311000-00002","article-title":"An analysis of the cause of early mortality after administration of thrombolytic therapy. The Thrombolysis Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction Study Group","volume":"4","author":"Ohman","year":"1993","journal-title":"Coron Artery Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199505253322106","article-title":"Cost effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy with tissue plasminogen activator as compared with streptokinase for acute myocardial infarction","volume":"332","author":"Mark","year":"1995","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1570","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(91)90311-8","article-title":"Effectiveness of double bolus alteplase in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction","volume":"68","author":"Purvis","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(98)70024-9","article-title":"An angiographic assessment of alteplase: double-bolus and front-loaded infusion regimens in myocardial infarction. Double Study Investigators. Double Bolus Lysis Efficacy","volume":"136","author":"Bleich","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199710163371604","article-title":"The Continuous Infusion Versus Double-Bolus Administration of Alteplase (COBALT) Investigators","volume":"337","author":"A comparison of continuous infusion of alteplase with double-bolus administration for acute myocardial infarction","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(96)00738-2","article-title":"Patency trials with reteplase (r-PA): what do they tell us?","volume":"78","author":"Bode","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2725","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.91.11.2725","article-title":"More rapid, complete, and stable coronary thrombolysis with bolus administration of reteplase compared with alteplase infusion in acute myocardial infarction. RAPID Investigators","volume":"91","author":"Smalling","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.5.891","volume":"94","author":"Bode","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib39","first-page":"329","article-title":"International Joint Efficacy Comparison of Thrombolytics","volume":"346","author":"Randomised, double-blind comparison of reteplase double-bolus administration with streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction (INJECT): trial to investigate equivalence","year":"1995","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib40","first-page":"1118","article-title":"The Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO III) Investigators","volume":"337","author":"A comparison of reteplase with alteplase for acute myocardial infarction","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.15.1761","article-title":"Survival outcomes 1 year after reperfusion therapy with either alteplase or reteplase for acute myocardial infarction: results from the Global Utilization of Streptokinase and t-PA for Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO) III Trial","volume":"102","author":"Topol","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.95.2.351","article-title":"TNK-tissue plasminogen activator in acute myocardial infarction: results of the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 10A dose-ranging trial","volume":"95","author":"Cannon","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2805","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.25.2805","article-title":"TNK-tissue plasminogen activator compared with front-loaded alteplase in acute myocardial infarction: results of the TIMI 10B trial. Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 10B Investigators","volume":"98","author":"Cannon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(99)70400-X","article-title":"Safety assessment of single-bolus administration of TNK tissue-plasminogen activator in acute myocardial infarction: the ASSENT-1 trial. The ASSENT-1 Investigators","volume":"137","author":"Van de Werf","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)00483-X","article-title":"Weight-adjusted dosing of TNK-tissue plasminogen activator and its relation to angiographic outcomes in the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction 10B trial. TIMI 10B Investigators","volume":"84","author":"Gibson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2001.114975","article-title":"Lower-dose heparin with fibrinolysis is associated with lower rates of intracranial hemorrhage","volume":"141","author":"Giugliano","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib47","first-page":"716","article-title":"Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of a New Thrombolytic Investigators","volume":"354","author":"Single-bolus tenecteplase compared with front-loaded alteplase in acute myocardial infarction: the ASSENT-2 double-blind randomised trial","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199710163371610","article-title":"Equivalence trials","volume":"337","author":"Ware","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.76.1.142","article-title":"Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Trial: Phase I. A comparison between intravenous tissue plasminogen activator and intravenous streptokinase; clinical findings through hospital discharge","volume":"76","author":"Chesebro","year":"1987","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib50","first-page":"932","article-title":"TIMI Study Group","volume":"312","author":"The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) trial: phase I findings","year":"1985","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(99)70452-7","article-title":"Timely thrombolysis: synergism to open arteries and reduce mortality rates","volume":"137","author":"Cannon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(99)70457-6","article-title":"Influence of time to treatment on early infarct-related artery patency after different thrombolytic regimens. ALKK-Study Group","volume":"137","author":"Zeymer","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-129-8-199810150-00002","article-title":"Risk for intracranial hemorrhage after tissue plasminogen activator treatment for acute myocardial infarction. Participants in the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2","volume":"129","author":"Gurwitz","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)80089-3","article-title":"Individual risk assessment for intracranial haemorrhage during thrombolytic therapy","volume":"342","author":"Simoons","year":"1993","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(03)00117-0","article-title":"One-year follow-up of the ASSENT-2 trial: a double-blind, randomized comparison of single-bolus tenecteplase and front-loaded alteplase in 16,949 patients with ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction","volume":"146","author":"Sinnaeve","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(94)70045-1","article-title":"National Heart Attack Alert Program Coordinating Committee, 60 Minutes to Treatment Working Group","volume":"23","author":"Emergency department: rapid identification and treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018797411812","article-title":"Time to treatment and cost of thrombolysis: a multicenter comparison of tPA and rPA","volume":"9","author":"Seyedroudbari","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2056","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)00996-7","article-title":"Temporal trends in the treatment of over 1.5 million patients with myocardial infarction in the US from 1990 through 1999: the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 1, 2 and 3","volume":"36","author":"Rogers","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2686","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.20.2686","article-title":"Mortality and prehospital thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis","volume":"283","author":"Morrison","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib60","first-page":"383","article-title":"The European Myocardial Infarction Project Group","volume":"329","author":"Prehospital thrombolytic therapy in patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1993.03510100061033","article-title":"Prehospital-initiated vs hospital-initiated thrombolytic therapy: the Myocardial Infarction Triage and Intervention Trial","volume":"270","author":"Weaver","year":"1993","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)90494-4","article-title":"Halving of mortality at 1 year by domiciliary thrombolysis in the Grampian Region Early Anistreplase Trial (GREAT)","volume":"23","author":"Rawles","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)09963-4","article-title":"Primary angioplasty versus prehospital fibrinolysis in acute myocardial infarction: a randomised study","volume":"360","author":"Bonnefoy","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)01936-8","article-title":"Evaluation of the time saved by prehospital initiation of reteplase for ST-elevation myocardial infarction: results of The Early Retavase-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (ER-TIMI) 19 trial","volume":"40","author":"Morrow","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000081659.72985.A8","volume":"108","author":"Wallentin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02600255","article-title":"Relationship between medication errors and adverse drug events","volume":"10","author":"Bates","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03530010043033","article-title":"Incidence of adverse drug events and potential adverse drug events: implications for prevention. ADE Prevention Study Group","volume":"274","author":"Bates","year":"1995","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1997.03540280045032","article-title":"The costs of adverse drug events in hospitalized patients. Adverse Drug Events Prevention Study Group","volume":"277","author":"Bates","year":"1997","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2005","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2000.2498","article-title":"Intravenous NPA for the treatment of infarcting myocardium early: InTIME-II, a double-blind comparison of single-bolus lanoteplase vs accelerated alteplase for the treatment of patients with acute myocardial infarction","volume":"21","year":"2000","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1376","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.14.1376","article-title":"Prediction of 30-day mortality among patients with thrombolysis-related intracranial hemorrhage","volume":"98","author":"Sloan","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(01)00715-X","article-title":"New heparin dosing recommendations for patients with acute coronary syndromes","volume":"110","author":"Menon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2508","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.95.11.2508","article-title":"Incidence and predictors of bleeding after contemporary thrombolytic therapy for myocardial infarction. The Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue Plasminogen activator for Occluded coronary arteries (GUSTO) I Investigators","volume":"95","author":"Berkowitz","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1659","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.91.6.1659","article-title":"Predictors of 30-day mortality in the era of reperfusion for acute myocardial infarction: results from an international trial of 41,021 patients. GUSTO-I Investigators","volume":"91","author":"Lee","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2031","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.102.17.2031","article-title":"TIMI risk score for ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a convenient, bedside, clinical score for risk assessment at presentation; an Intravenous nPA for Treatment of Infarcting Myocardium Early II trial substudy","volume":"102","author":"Morrow","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.11.1356","article-title":"Application of the TIMI risk score for ST-elevation MI in the National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 3","volume":"286","author":"Morrow","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.324.7329.71","article-title":"Collaborative metaanalysis of randomized trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high-risk patients","volume":"324","author":"Antiplatelet Trialists' Collaboration","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199703203361207","article-title":"Aspirin, heparin, and fibrinolytic therapy in suspected acute myocardial infarction","volume":"336","author":"Collins","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(90)90525-6","article-title":"Effect of heparin on coronary arterial patency after thrombolysis with tissue plasminogen activator in acute myocardial infarction","volume":"66","author":"Bleich","year":"1990","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1433","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199011223232101","article-title":"A comparison between heparin and low-dose aspirin as adjunctive therapy with tissue plasminogen activator for acute myocardial infarction. Heparin-Aspirin Reperfusion Trial (HART) Investigators","volume":"323","author":"Hsia","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.67.2.122","article-title":"Effect of early intravenous heparin on coronary patency, infarct size, and bleeding complications after alteplase thrombolysis: results of a randomised double blind European Cooperative Study Group trial","volume":"67","author":"de Bono","year":"1992","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1016","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.9.1016","volume":"100","author":"Ryan","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"suppl","key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib82","first-page":"1725","article-title":"the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy","volume":"126","author":"Hirsh","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib83","first-page":"782","article-title":"College of American Pathologists Conference XXXI on laboratory monitoring of anticoagulant therapy: laboratory monitoring of unfractionated heparin therapy","volume":"122","author":"Olson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.114.5_Supplement.489S","article-title":"Heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin: mechanisms of action, pharmacokinetics, dosing considerations, monitoring, efficacy, and safety","volume":"114","author":"Hirsh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/89.1.19","article-title":"The variations between heparin sensitivity of different lots of activated partial thromboplastin time reagent produced by the same manufacturer","volume":"89","author":"Shojania","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2475","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1997.00440420107010","article-title":"Inability of the activated partial thromboplastin time to predict heparin levels: time to reassess guidelines for heparin assays","volume":"157","author":"Baker","year":"1997","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-119-2-199307150-00002","article-title":"Establishing a therapeutic range for heparin therapy","volume":"119","author":"Brill-Edwards","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(97)00258-1","article-title":"Randomized trial of low molecular weight heparin (dalteparin) in prevention of left ventricular thrombus formation and arterial embolism after acute anterior myocardial infarction: the Fragmin in Acute Myocardial Infarction (FRAMI) Study","volume":"30","author":"Kontny","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00612-3","article-title":"Low molecular weight heparin (dalteparin) as adjuvant treatment of thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction: a pilot study; biochemical markers in acute coronary syndromes (BIOMACS II)","volume":"33","author":"Frostfeldt","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"I12","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.4960241305","article-title":"The low-molecular-weight heparin dalteparin as adjuvant therapy in acute myocardial infarction: the ASSENT PLUS study","volume":"24","author":"Wallentin","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2001.2940","article-title":"Randomized comparison of enoxaparin with unfractionated heparin following fibrinolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction","volume":"23","author":"Baird","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2001.3083","article-title":"Improved reperfusion and clinical outcome with enoxaparin as an adjunct to streptokinase thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction: the AMI-SK study","volume":"23","author":"Simoons","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1161\/hc3101.093866","article-title":"Randomized comparison of enoxaparin, a low-molecular-weight heparin, with unfractionated heparin adjunctive to recombinant tissue plasminogen activator thrombolysis and aspirin: second trial of Heparin and Aspirin Reperfusion Therapy (HART II)","volume":"104","author":"Ross","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000013402.34759.46","article-title":"Enoxaparin as adjunctive antithrombin therapy for ST-elevation myocardial infarction: results of the ENTIRE-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 23 trial","volume":"105","author":"Antman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)05775-0","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of tenecteplase in combination with enoxaparin, abciximab, or unfractionated heparin: the ASSENT-3 randomised trial in acute myocardial infarction","volume":"358","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-668X(03)00322-1","article-title":"ST segment resolution in ASSENT 3: insights into the role of three different treatment strategies for acute myocardial infarction","volume":"24","author":"Armstrong","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2829","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.25.2829","article-title":"Clinical outcomes of therapeutic agents that block the platelet glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa integrin in ischemic heart disease","volume":"98","author":"Kong","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07442-1","article-title":"Platelet glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa inhibitors in acute coronary syndromes: a meta-analysis of all major randomised clinical trials","volume":"359","author":"Boersma","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(93)90041-X","article-title":"Profound inhibition of platelet aggregation with monoclonal antibody 7E3 Fab after thrombolytic therapy: results of the Thrombolysis and Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction (TAMI) 8 pilot study","volume":"22","author":"Kleiman","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.95.4.846","article-title":"Combined accelerated tissue-plasminogen activator and platelet glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa integrin receptor blockade with integrilin in acute myocardial infarction: results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial. IMPACT-AMI Investigators","volume":"95","author":"Ohman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2003","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00474-4","article-title":"Combining thrombolysis with the platelet glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa inhibitor lamifiban: results of the Platelet Aggregation Receptor Antagonist Dose Investigation and Reperfusion Gain in Myocardial Infarction (PARADIGM) trial","volume":"32","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.97.2.211","article-title":"Toward a new frontier in myocardial reperfusion therapy: emerging platelet preeminence","volume":"97","author":"Topol","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib103","first-page":"2788","article-title":"Strategies for Patency Enhancement in the Emergency Department (SPEED) Group","volume":"101","author":"Trial of abciximab with and without low-dose reteplase for acute myocardial infarction","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2720","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.99.21.2720","article-title":"Abciximab facilitates the rate and extent of thrombolysis: results of the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) 14 trial. The TIMI 14 Investigators","volume":"99","author":"Antman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)05059-5","article-title":"Reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction with fibrinolytic therapy or combination reduced fibrinolytic therapy and platelet glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa inhibition: the GUSTO V randomised trial","volume":"357","author":"Topol","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2130","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.17.2130","article-title":"Mortality at 1 year with combination platelet glycoprotein IIb\/IIIa inhibition and reduced-dose fibrinolytic therapy vs conventional fibrinolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: GUSTO V randomized trial","volume":"288","author":"Lincoff","year":"2002","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01758-2","article-title":"Eptifibatide and low-dose tissue plasminogen activator in acute myocardial infarction: the Integrilin and Low-Dose Thrombolysis in Acute Myocardial Infarction (INTRO AMI) trial","volume":"39","author":"Brener","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00123-2","article-title":"Combination reperfusion therapy with eptifibatide and reduced-dose tenecteplase for ST-elevation myocardial infarction: results of the Integrilin and Tenecteplase in Acute Myocardial Infarction (INTEGRITI) phase II angiographic trial","volume":"41","author":"Giugliano","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1646383","article-title":"Hirudin and derivatives as anticoagulant agents","volume":"66","author":"Markwardt","year":"1991","journal-title":"Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7095","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00482a021","article-title":"Design and characterization of hirulogs: a novel class of bivalent peptide inhibitors of thrombin","volume":"29","author":"Maraganore","year":"1990","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2132","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.91.8.2132","article-title":"Randomized double-blind comparison of two doses of hirulog with heparin as adjunctive therapy to streptokinase to promote early patency of the infarct-related artery in acute myocardial infarction","volume":"91","author":"Theroux","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2155","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.7.2155","article-title":"Randomized, double-blind comparison of hirulog versus heparin in patients receiving streptokinase and aspirin for acute myocardial infarction (HERO). Hirulog Early Reperfusion\/Occlusion (HERO) Trial Investigators","volume":"96","author":"White","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib113","first-page":"49","volume":"5","author":"Serebruany","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Thromb Thrombol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(99)70185-7","article-title":"Efegatran sulfate as an adjunct to streptokinase versus heparin as an adjunct to tissue plasminogen activator in patients with acute myocardial infarction. ESCALAT Investigators","volume":"138","author":"Fung","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib115","first-page":"1416","article-title":"Thrombin Inhibition in Myocardial Ischaemia (TRIM) study group","volume":"18","author":"A low molecular weight, selective thrombin inhibitor, inogatran, vs heparin, in unstable coronary artery disease in 1209 patients: a double-blind, randomized, dose-finding study","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-1002655","article-title":"Some objective considerations for the use of heparins and recombinant hirudin in percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty","volume":"17","author":"Fareed","year":"1991","journal-title":"Semin Thromb Haemost"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07495-0","article-title":"Direct thrombin inhibitors in acute coronary syndromes: principal results of a meta-analysis based on individual patients' data","volume":"359","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)80517-7","article-title":"Initial experience with hirudin and streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction: results of the Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 6 trial","volume":"75","author":"Lee","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1493","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00138-7","volume":"31","author":"Metz","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.90.4.1638","article-title":"Safety observations from the pilot phase of the randomized r-Hirudin for Improvement of Thrombolysis (HIT-III) study: a study of the Arbeitsgemeinschaft Leitender Kardiologischer Krankenhausarzte (ALKK)","volume":"90","author":"Neuhaus","year":"1994","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"966","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00319-8","article-title":"Recombinant hirudin (lepirudin) for the improvement of thrombolysis with streptokinase in patients with acute myocardial infarction: results of the HIT-4 trial","volume":"34","author":"Neuhaus","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(93)90222-M","article-title":"Evidence for a rebound coagulation phenomenon after cessation of a 4-hour infusion of a specific thrombin inhibitor in patients with unstable angina pectoris","volume":"21","author":"Gold","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)06887-8","article-title":"Thrombin-specific anticoagulation with bivalirudin versus heparin in patients receiving fibrinolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: the HERO-2 randomised trial","volume":"358","author":"White","year":"2001","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199303113281002","article-title":"A comparison of immediate coronary angioplasty with intravenous streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction","volume":"328","author":"Zijlstra","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199303113281001","article-title":"A comparison of immediate angioplasty with thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. The Primary Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction Study Group","volume":"328","author":"Grines","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199303113281003","article-title":"Immediate angioplasty compared with the administration of a thrombolytic agent followed by conservative treatment for myocardial infarction. The Mayo Coronary Care Unit and Catheterization Laboratory Groups","volume":"328","author":"Gibbons","year":"1993","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1949","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199912233412601","article-title":"Coronary angioplasty with or without stent implantation for acute myocardial infarction. Stent Primary Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction Study Group","volume":"341","author":"Grines","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib128","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa013404","article-title":"Comparison of angioplasty with stenting, with or without abciximab, in acute myocardial infarction","volume":"346","author":"Stone","year":"2002","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200008103430602","volume":"343","author":"Schomig","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8703(03)00326-0","article-title":"Primary percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty accelerates early myocardial reperfusion compared to thrombolytic therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction","volume":"146","author":"Zeymer","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12113-7","article-title":"Primary angioplasty versus intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: a quantitative review of 23 randomised trials","volume":"361","author":"Keeley","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00622-6","article-title":"Long-term outcome after primary angioplasty: report from the primary angioplasty in myocardial infarction (PAMI-I) trial","volume":"33","author":"Nunn","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199911043411901","article-title":"Long-term benefit of primary angioplasty as compared with thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction","volume":"341","author":"Zijlstra","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)02514-7","article-title":"Early thrombolytic treatment in acute myocardial infarction: reappraisal of the golden hour","volume":"348","author":"Boersma","year":"1996","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.1.14","article-title":"Relationship between delay in performing direct coronary angioplasty and early clinical outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction: results from the global use of strategies to open occluded arteries in Acute Coronary Syndromes (GUSTO-IIb) trial","volume":"100","author":"Berger","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2941","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.22.2941","article-title":"Relationship of symptom-onset-to-balloon time and door-to-balloon time with mortality in patients undergoing angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction","volume":"283","author":"Cannon","year":"2000","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(01)02039-2","article-title":"Importance of time to reperfusion on outcomes with primary coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction (results from the Stent Primary Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction Trial)","volume":"88","author":"Brodie","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1312","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00395-7","article-title":"Importance of time to reperfusion for 30-day and late survival and recovery of left ventricular function after primary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction","volume":"32","author":"Brodie","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.1997.0746","article-title":"Clinical presentation and outcome of patients with early, intermediate and late reperfusion therapy by primary coronary angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction","volume":"19","author":"van't Hof","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.2001.2901","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and outcome of patients with early (< 2 h), intermediate (2\u20134 h) and late (> 4 h) presentation treated by primary coronary angioplasty or thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction","volume":"23","author":"Zijlstra","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)03397-3","article-title":"Thrombolytic therapy in the elderly","volume":"356","author":"White","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(00)00723-3","article-title":"Thrombolytic therapy in older patients","volume":"36","author":"Berger","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.19.2239","article-title":"Lack of benefit for intravenous thrombolysis in patients with myocardial infarction who are older than 75 years","volume":"101","author":"Thiemann","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(98)00579-8","article-title":"Effect of age on outcome with primary angioplasty versus thrombolysis","volume":"33","author":"Holmes","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"Suppl A","key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib145","first-page":"4A","article-title":"Lessons from the pooled outcome of the PAMI, ZWOLLE and Mayo Clinic randomized trials of primary angioplasty versus thrombolytic therapy of acute myocardial infarction","volume":"10","author":"WW","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Invasive Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)01878-8","article-title":"Reperfusion therapy in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction: a randomized comparison of primary angioplasty and thrombolytic therapy","volume":"39","author":"de Boer","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000091088.63921.8C","article-title":"Transfer for primary angioplasty versus immediate thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis","volume":"108","author":"Dalby","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2811","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.92.10.2811","article-title":"Stroke after thrombolysis: mortality and functional outcomes in the GUSTO-I trial. Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries","volume":"92","author":"Gore","year":"1995","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)91590-7","article-title":"In-hospital mortality and clinical course of 20,891 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction randomized between alteplase and streptokinase with or without heparin","volume":"336","author":"The International Study Group","year":"1990","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.90.4.1631","article-title":"Randomized trial of intravenous heparin versus recombinant hirudin for acute coronary syndromes","volume":"90","author":"GUSTO IIa Investigators","year":"1994","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1624","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.90.4.1624","article-title":"Hirudin in acute myocardial infarction. Safety report from the thrombolysis and thrombin inhibition in myocardial infarction (TIMI) 9A Trial","volume":"90","author":"Antman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S_bib152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.5.911","article-title":"Hirudin in acute myocardial infarction. Thrombolysis and Thrombin Inhibition in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 9B Trial","volume":"94","author":"Antman","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["Chest"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369215315038?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369215315038?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,15]],"date-time":"2025-09-15T06:59:40Z","timestamp":1757919580000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0012369215315038"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"references-count":152,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0012369215315038"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549s","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-3692"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-3692","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Thrombolysis and Adjunctive Therapy in Acute Myocardial Infarction","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Chest","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.126.3_suppl.549S","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2004 The American College of Chest Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}