{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T05:25:20Z","timestamp":1790918720051,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,1]],"date-time":"2005-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1125532800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]},"DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,14]],"date-time":"2005-09-14T13:04:24Z","timestamp":1126703064000},"page":"1339-1347","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":105,"title":["Ventilatory Responses to Hypoxia and Hypercapnia in Stable Methadone Maintenance Treatment Patients"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"128","author":[{"given":"Harry","family":"Teichtahl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Cunnington","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Quinnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoan","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Kronborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olaf H.","family":"Drummer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2000.tb139321.x","article-title":"How many dependent heroin users are there in Australia?","volume":"173","author":"Hall","year":"2000","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib3","first-page":"1936","article-title":"NIH Consensus Conference. Effective medical treatment of opiate addiction. National Consensus Development Panel on Effective Medical Treatment of Opiate Addiction","volume":"280","year":"1998","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib4","unstructured":"Institute of Medicine. Federal regulation of methadone treatment.1995 National Academy Press. Washington, DC:"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib5","author":"Ward","year":"1998","journal-title":"Methadone maintenance treatment and other opioid replacement therapies"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.1994.tb00879.x","article-title":"Retention in methadone maintenance and heroin addicts\u2019 risk of death","volume":"89","author":"Caplehorn","year":"1994","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib7","author":"Zador","year":"1997","journal-title":"All-cause mortality rate and risk of dying in methadone maintenance treatment in New South Wales in 1990\u201395. International Opioid Overdose Symposium"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib8","author":"Gutstein","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1002\/cpt197824152","article-title":"Kinetics of intravenous and intramuscular morphine","volume":"24","author":"Stanski","year":"1978","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1975.tb02773.x","article-title":"The effect of ageing on plasma pethidine concentration","volume":"2","author":"Chan","year":"1975","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198810000-00021","article-title":"Delayed respiratory depression after alfentanil","volume":"69","author":"Mahla","year":"1988","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198512000-00031","article-title":"Acute respiratory arrest and rigidity after anesthesia with sufentanil: a case report","volume":"63","author":"Chang","year":"1985","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib13","first-page":"291","article-title":"Intravenous opioid anaesthetics","author":"Bailey","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib14","article-title":"Regulation of breathing: drug effects","author":"Hickey","year":"1981"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198903000-00020","article-title":"Disruption of the rhythmic activity of the medullary inspiratory neurons and phrenic nerve by fentanyl and reversal with nalbuphine","volume":"70","author":"Tabatabai","year":"1989","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197505222922106","article-title":"Diminished ventilatory response to hypoxia and hypercapnia after morphine in normal man","volume":"292","author":"Weil","year":"1975","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199706000-00016","article-title":"Influences of morphine on the ventilatory response to isocapnic hypoxia","volume":"86","author":"Berkenbosch","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200010263431705","article-title":"Effects of intrathecal morphine on the ventilatory response to hypoxia","volume":"343","author":"Bailey","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib19","first-page":"1088","article-title":"Chronic hypercapnia during methadone maintenance","volume":"108","author":"Marks","year":"1973","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(77)90831-2","article-title":"Control of breathing during methadone addiction","volume":"62","author":"Santiago","year":"1977","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib21","first-page":"623","article-title":"Respiratory consequences of methadone: the response to added resistance to breathing","volume":"122","author":"Santiago","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2001.9633954.x","article-title":"Sleep-disordered breathing in stable methadone programme patients: a pilot study","volume":"96","author":"Teichtahl","year":"2001","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1348","article-title":"Central sleep apnea in stable methadone maintenance treatment patients","volume":"2","author":"Wang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib24","first-page":"345","article-title":"A clinical method for assessing the ventilatory response to hypoxia","volume":"109","author":"Rebuck","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/imj.1967.16.1.20","article-title":"A clinical method for assessing the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide","volume":"16","author":"Read","year":"1967","journal-title":"Australas Ann Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.88.4.1421","article-title":"Sustained microgravity reduces the human ventilatory response to hypoxia but not to hypercapnia","volume":"88","author":"Prisk","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib27","first-page":"37","article-title":"Progressive and transient hypoxic ventilatory drive tests in healthy subjects","volume":"126","author":"Shaw","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/18.3.134","article-title":"Capillary gas chromatographic drug screen for use in forensic toxicology","volume":"18","author":"Drummer","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.3.7663792","article-title":"American Thoracic Society. Standardization of spirometry, 1994 update","volume":"152","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.152.6.8520796","article-title":"American Thoracic Society. Single-breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (transfer factor): recommendations for a standard technique, 1995 update","volume":"152","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib31","author":"Hughes","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1080\/13556210412331292578","article-title":"Cardiorespiratory function in stable methadone maintenance program patients","volume":"3\u20134","author":"Teichtahl","year":"2004","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/S0894-7317(89)80014-8","article-title":"Recommendations for quantitation of the left ventricle by two-dimensional echocardiography. American Society of Echocardiography Committee on Standards, Subcommittee on Quantitation of Two-Dimensional Echocardiograms","volume":"2","author":"Schiller","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Soc Echocardiogr"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib34","author":"Tabachnick","year":"2001"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1913.0006","article-title":"Physiological observations made on Pike\u2019s Peak, Colorado, with special reference to adaption to low barometric pressure","volume":"203","author":"Douglas","year":"1913","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.53.6.514","article-title":"Pathophysiology and treatment of Cheyne-Stokes respiration","volume":"53","author":"Naughton","year":"1998","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1894","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1986.60.6.1894","article-title":"Influence of body size and gender on control of ventilation","volume":"60","author":"Aitken","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199011000-00005","article-title":"Frequent hypoxemia and apnea after sedation with midazolam and fentanyl","volume":"73","author":"Bailey","year":"1990","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib39","first-page":"885","article-title":"The effects of smoked marijuana on metabolism and respiratory control","volume":"118","author":"Zwillich","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11503","DOI":"10.2165\/00003088-200241140-00003","article-title":"Interindividual variability of the clinical pharmacokinetics of methadone: implications for the treatment of opioid dependence","volume":"41","author":"Eap","year":"2002","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(97)00221-7","article-title":"Antipanic effect of fluoxetine measured by CO2challenge test","volume":"43","author":"Bocola","year":"1998","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(93)90087-W","article-title":"Panic disorder patients show decrease in ventilatory response to CO2after clomipramine treatment","volume":"47","author":"Pols","year":"1993","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199610000-00005","article-title":"Effect of flumazenil on ventilatory drive during sedation with midazolam and alfentanil","volume":"85","author":"Gross","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050606","article-title":"Studies on benzodiazepines and opioids administered alone and in combination in rhesus monkeys: ventilation and drug discrimination","volume":"137","author":"Gerak","year":"1998","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berlin)"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/0034-5687(95)00037-E","article-title":"Chronic CO2drive in patients with obstructive sleep apnea and effect of CPAP","volume":"101","author":"Verbraecken","year":"1995","journal-title":"Respir Physiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib46","first-page":"451","article-title":"Regulation of ventilation in the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome","volume":"124","author":"Garay","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib47","first-page":"640","article-title":"Mass loading, sleep apnea, and the pathogenesis of obesity hypoventilation","volume":"126","author":"Lopata","year":"1982","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI108032","article-title":"Idiopathic scoliosis: mechanical properties of the respiratory system and the ventilatory response to carbon dioxide","volume":"55","author":"Kafer","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2003.10.003","article-title":"Effects of opioid dependence and tobacco use on ventilatory response to progressive hypercapnia","volume":"77","author":"Greenwald","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1445-5994.2003.00401.x","article-title":"Respiratory health effects of cannabis: position statement of the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand","volume":"33","author":"Taylor","year":"2003","journal-title":"Intern Med J"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(80)90359-9","article-title":"Alteration of pulmonary function in intravenous drug abusers: prevalence, severity, and characterization of gas exchange abnormalities","volume":"68","author":"Overland","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1511","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.117.5.1511","article-title":"Necrotizing pulmonary granulomata in a marijuana smoker","volume":"117","author":"Cunnington","year":"2000","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-75-6-865","article-title":"Foreign particle embolism in drug addicts: respiratory pathophysiology","volume":"75","author":"Douglas","year":"1971","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-194509000-00002","article-title":"Clinical studies on morphine: I. The immediate effect of morphine administered intravenously and intramuscularly upon the respiration of normal man","volume":"6","author":"Dripps","year":"1945","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib55","first-page":"483","article-title":"The effects of narcotics and antagonists upon respiration and circulation in man","volume":"1","author":"Eckenhoff","year":"1960","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/S0034-5687(00)00095-5","article-title":"A model of the chemoreflex control of breathing in humans: model parameters measurement","volume":"120","author":"Duffin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Respir Physiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1999.tb127675.x","article-title":"Mortality associated with New South Wales methadone programs in 1994: lives lost and saved","volume":"170","author":"Caplehorn","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med J Aust"}],"container-title":["Chest"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369215521570?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369215521570?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,9]],"date-time":"2020-04-09T09:04:30Z","timestamp":1586423070000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0012369215521570"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0012369215521570"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.128.3.1339","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-3692"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-3692","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,9]]}}}