{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T17:09:26Z","timestamp":1776186566398,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1990,6,1]],"date-time":"1990-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":644198400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,6]]},"DOI":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,7]],"date-time":"2007-11-07T13:25:26Z","timestamp":1194441926000},"page":"1446-1452","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":119,"title":["Respiratory Complications and Management of Spinal Cord Injuries"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"97","author":[{"given":"John Keith","family":"Mansel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joe Robert","family":"Norman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib1","series-title":"Central nervous system trauma status report\u20141985","first-page":"313","article-title":"Epidemiological aspects of acute spinal cord injury: a review of incidence, prevalence, causes, and outcome","author":"Kraus","year":"1985"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1980.00500600055011","article-title":"Prevalence of spinal cord injury: a reestimation employing life table techniques","volume":"37","author":"DeVivo","year":"1980","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.1987.48","article-title":"Respiratory aspects of spinal cord injury management","volume":"25","author":"Carter","year":"1987","journal-title":"Paraplegia"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.1974.40.1.0003","article-title":"The pathophysiological response to spinal cord injury","volume":"40","author":"Osterholm","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1978.00500260016003","article-title":"Survival after spinal cord trauma","volume":"35","author":"Mesard","year":"1978","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib6","first-page":"1115","article-title":"Rib cage motion and muscle use in high tetraplegics","volume":"133","author":"DeTroyer","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib7","first-page":"650","article-title":"Effects of glossopharyngeal breathing on respiratory function after cervical cord transection","volume":"48","author":"Montero","year":"1967","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib8","first-page":"41","article-title":"Pulmonary function in acute cervical cord injury","volume":"124","author":"Ledsome","year":"1981","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-61-3-435","article-title":"Mechanism for respiratory insufficiency after cervical cord injury","volume":"61","author":"Bergofsky","year":"1964","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib10","first-page":"443a","article-title":"Respiratory muscle and ventilatory function in spinal cord injury","volume":"26","author":"Arora","year":"1978","journal-title":"Clin Res"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1980.03300320020014","article-title":"Pulmonary dysfunction following traumatic quadriplegia","volume":"243","author":"McMichan","year":"1980","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib12","first-page":"261","article-title":"Medical management of pulmonary complications of spinal cord injury","volume":"22","author":"Carter","year":"1979"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib13","first-page":"347","article-title":"Ventilatory dysfunction and respiratory rehabilitation in post-traumatic quadriplegia","volume":"61","author":"Huldtgren","year":"1980","journal-title":"Eur J Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1932.99.3.526","article-title":"Mechanism of the postural reduction in vital capacity in relation to orthopnea and storage of blood in the lungs","volume":"99","author":"Hamilton","year":"1932","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI100542","article-title":"Studies of total pulmonary capacity and its subdivisions, III: changes with body posture","volume":"12","author":"Hurtado","year":"1933","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1939.127.4.793","article-title":"The venous return as a factor affecting the vital capacity","volume":"127","author":"Dow","year":"1939","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib17","first-page":"175","article-title":"Postural changes in the lung volume","volume":"4","author":"McMichael","year":"1940","journal-title":"Clin Sci"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1948.152.3.671","article-title":"Postural changes in vital capacity with differential cuff pressures at the bases of the extremities","volume":"152","author":"Campbell","year":"1948","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1960.15.1.59","article-title":"Effects of position on expiratory reserve volume of the lungs","volume":"15","author":"Craig","year":"1960","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1959.14.1.129","article-title":"Fluid volume redistribution and thoracic volume changes during recumbency","volume":"14","author":"Tenney","year":"1959","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib21","first-page":"344","article-title":"Time related, posturally induced changes in pulmonary function in spinal cord injured man [abstract]","volume":"117","author":"Haas","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib22","first-page":"367","article-title":"Mechanisms of the postural dependence of vital capacity in tetraplegic subjects","volume":"135","author":"Estenne","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.41.12.940","article-title":"Effect of abdominal binders on breathing in tetraplegic patients","volume":"41","author":"Goldman","year":"1986","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib24","first-page":"547","article-title":"The individuality of chest wall motion in tetraplegia","volume":"20","author":"Morgan","year":"1984","journal-title":"Bull Eur Physiopathol Respir"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198603203141203","article-title":"Mechanism of active expiration in tetraplegie subjects","volume":"314","author":"DeTroyer","year":"1986","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/139.3.615","article-title":"Respiratory mechanics in acute quadriplegia","volume":"139","author":"Scanlon","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib27","first-page":"621","article-title":"The effect of respiratory muscle dysfunction on pulmonary function","volume":"88","author":"Stone","year":"1963","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.1963.18","article-title":"The oxygen cost of breathing in tetraplegic patients","volume":"1","author":"Silver","year":"1963","journal-title":"Paraplegia"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1977.43.2.339","article-title":"Thoracic reflexes stabilizing loaded ventilation in normal and cord-injured man","volume":"43","author":"Axen","year":"1977","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib30","first-page":"12","article-title":"A controlled trial of intermittent positive pressure breathing, incentive spirometry, and deep breathing exercises in preventing pulmonary complications after adbominal surgery","volume":"130","author":"Cell","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-198807000-00025","article-title":"Appropriate techniques for airway management of emergency patients with suspected spinal cord injury","volume":"67","author":"Grande","year":"1988","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198408093110601","article-title":"Effects of theophylline on diaphragmatic strength and fatigue in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"311","author":"Murciano","year":"1984","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib33","first-page":"226","article-title":"Aminophylline and its influence on ventilatory endurance in humans","volume":"131","author":"Belman","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm\/138.6.1532","article-title":"Theophylline and diaphragmatic contractility","volume":"138","author":"Foxworth","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198310000-00007","article-title":"Kinetic therapy for spinal cord injury","volume":"8","author":"Green","year":"1983","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198708000-00010","article-title":"Pulmonary complications of acute spinal cord injuries","volume":"21","author":"Reines","year":"1987","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198808000-00010","article-title":"Effect of a rotating bed on the incidence of pulmonary complications in critically ill patients","volume":"16","author":"Gentilello","year":"1988","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198506000-00013","article-title":"Deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in patients with acute spinal cord injury: a comparison with nonparalyzed patients immobilized due to spinal fractures","author":"Myllynen","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.1978.50","article-title":"Anti-coagulant therapy in the prevention of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in the spinal cord injury","volume":"16","author":"Watson","year":"1978","journal-title":"Paraplegia"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib40","first-page":"661","article-title":"Deep vein thrombosis: prophylaxis in acute spinal cord injured patients","volume":"69","author":"Merli","year":"1988","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-197801000-00016","article-title":"Pulmonary edema in cervical spinal cord injury","volume":"18","author":"Poe","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.90.3.406","article-title":"Long-term outlook in quadriplegic patients with initial ventilator dependency","volume":"90","author":"Wicks","year":"1986","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.1987.22","article-title":"Progressive resistive exercise in weaning high quadriplegics from the ventilator","volume":"25","author":"Lerman","year":"1987","journal-title":"Paraplegia"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.1986.30","article-title":"The artificial ventilation of acute spinal cord damaged patients: a retrospective study of forty-four patients","volume":"24","author":"Gardner","year":"1986","journal-title":"Paraplegia"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.81.1.82","article-title":"Respiratory muscle function in health and disease","volume":"81","author":"Luce","year":"1982","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib46","series-title":"Respiratory care","first-page":"648","article-title":"Techniques of ventilator weaning","author":"Hodgkin","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.90.1_Supplement.1S","article-title":"Long-term mechanical ventilation: guidelines for management in the home and at alternate community sites","volume":"90","author":"O\u2019Donohue","year":"1986","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib48","first-page":"303","article-title":"Long-term management of ventilator-assisted individuals: the Boston University experience","volume":"31","author":"Make","year":"1986","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib49","first-page":"294","article-title":"Home care ventilation: the Cleveland Clinic experience from 1977 to 1985","volume":"31","author":"Sivak","year":"1986","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-6196(12)65407-X","article-title":"Home mechanical ventilation","volume":"63","author":"Peters","year":"1988","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.84.4.376","article-title":"Home positive pressure ventilation: twenty years\u2019 experience","volume":"84","author":"Splaingard","year":"1983","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib52","first-page":"738","article-title":"Nocturnal positive pressure ventilation via nasal face mask","volume":"135","author":"Kerry","year":"1987","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(80)90157-6","article-title":"The effect of training on strength and endurance of the diaphragm in quadriplegia","volume":"68","author":"Gross","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198902000-00008","article-title":"Weaning from mechanical ventilation: adjunctive use of inspiratory muscle resistive training","volume":"17","author":"Aldrich","year":"1989","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-197010000-00020","article-title":"Central hypoventilation: long-term ventilatory assistance by radiofrequency electrophrenic respiration","volume":"172","author":"Glenn","year":"1970","journal-title":"Ann Surg"}],"container-title":["Chest"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369216320335?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369216320335?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,4]],"date-time":"2019-05-04T03:39:57Z","timestamp":1556941197000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0012369216320335"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1990,6]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1990,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0012369216320335"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.97.6.1446","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-3692"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-3692","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1990,6]]}}}