{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T11:24:40Z","timestamp":1791890680424,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1991,1,1]],"date-time":"1991-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":662688000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Chest"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,1]]},"DOI":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,11,7]],"date-time":"2007-11-07T18:28:23Z","timestamp":1194460103000},"page":"176-184","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":443,"title":["Peripheral Nerve Function in Sepsis and Multiple Organ Failure"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"99","author":[{"given":"Norbert J.","family":"Witt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas W.","family":"Zochodne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles F.","family":"Bolton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francois","family":"Grand'Maison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"George","family":"Wells","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G. Bryan","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William J.","family":"Sibbald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1975.01360130011001","article-title":"Multiple, progressive, or sequential systems failure: a syndrome of the 1970s","volume":"110","author":"Baue","year":"1975","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1983.01390020084014","article-title":"Determinants of organ malfunction or death in patients with intra-abdominal sepsis: a discriminant analysis","volume":"118","author":"Pine","year":"1983","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"issue":"l","key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib3","first-page":"107","article-title":"Multiple system organ failure","volume":"68","author":"Carrico","year":"1988","journal-title":"Surg Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib4","first-page":"375","article-title":"Sepsis and septic shock - a synthesis of idea and proposals for the direction of future research","author":"Ayres","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(16)42984-1","article-title":"Multiple system organ failure","volume":"63","author":"Borzotta","year":"1983","journal-title":"Surg Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/110.4.819","article-title":"Critical illness polyneuropathy: a complication of sepsis and multiple organ failure","volume":"110","author":"Zochodne","year":"1987","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1017\/S0317167100035381","article-title":"The encephalopathy of sepsis","volume":"12","author":"Jackson","year":"1985","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib8","first-page":"77p","article-title":"The EEG in septic encephalopathy","author":"Young","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am EEG Soc"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib9","first-page":"713","article-title":"Neurological complications in critically ill patients","author":"Bolton","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib10","first-page":"114","author":"Osler","year":"1892"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198303103081002","article-title":"Stimulation of muscle protein degradation and prostaglandin E2 release by leukocytic pyrogen (interleukin-1)","volume":"308","author":"Baracos","year":"1983","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(16)41036-4","article-title":"Energy metabolism and proteolysis in traumatized and septic man","volume":"56","author":"Clowes","year":"1976","journal-title":"Surg Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib13","first-page":"2","article-title":"The electrophysiologic investigation of respiratory paralysis in critically ill patients","volume":"33","author":"Bolton","year":"1983","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.47.11.1223","article-title":"Polyneuropathy in critically ill patients","volume":"47","author":"Bolton","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.49.5.563","article-title":"Critically ill polyneuropathy: electrophysiological studies and differentiation from Guillain-Barre syndrome","volume":"49","author":"Bolton","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib16","first-page":"3","article-title":"Gentamicin-neurotoxizitat (polyneuropathie-enzephalopathie)","volume":"107","author":"Bischoff","year":"1977","journal-title":"Schweiz Med Wschr"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/0303-8467(85)90060-5","article-title":"Neuromuscular complications in patients given Pavulon (pancuronium bromide) during artificial ventilation","volume":"87","author":"Op De Coul","year":"1985","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198604000-00015","article-title":"Weaning failure due to acute neuromuscular disease","volume":"14","author":"Covert","year":"1986","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.51.10.1341","article-title":"Peripheral neuropathy complicating pancreatitis and major pancreatic surgery","volume":"51","author":"Gross","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib20","first-page":"2","article-title":"Prolonged respiratory insufficiency due to acute motor neuropathy: a new syndrome","volume":"33","author":"Roelofs","year":"1983","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib21","first-page":"247","article-title":"Polynevrites compliquant des. sejours prolonges en reanimation: a propos de 11 cas d'etiologie encore inconnue","volume":"252","author":"Couturier","year":"1984","journal-title":"Lyon Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.293.6550.790-a","article-title":"The neuropathy of the critically ill","volume":"293","author":"Williams","year":"1986","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib23","first-page":"823","article-title":"Polyneurpathies au cours de sejours prolonges en reanimation","volume":"143","author":"Barat","year":"1987","journal-title":"Rev Neurol"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib24","first-page":"575","article-title":"Critical illness polyneuropathy","author":"Lycklama","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880100205","article-title":"Electrophysiologic studies of critically ill patients","volume":"10","author":"Bolton","year":"1987","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.29.3.354","article-title":"Nerve and muscle biopsy: electrophysiology and morphology in polyneuropathy","volume":"29","author":"Bolton","year":"1979","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.44.5.407","article-title":"The effects of temperature on human compound action potentials","volume":"44","author":"Bolton","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.24.6.539","article-title":"F-wave velocity in the central segment of the median and ulnar nerves: a study in normal subjects and in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease","volume":"24","author":"Kimura","year":"1974","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.5.604","article-title":"Electrophysiologic evaluation of diaphragm by transcutaneous phrenic nerve stimulation","volume":"4","author":"Markand","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.880010504","article-title":"Early recognition of nerve disorders by near-nerve recording of sensory action potentials","volume":"1","author":"Rosenfalk","year":"1978","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib31","first-page":"145","article-title":"Temperature effects on conduction studies of normal and abnormal nerve","volume":"5","author":"Bolton","year":"1982","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib32","first-page":"9","article-title":"Neuromuscular causes of prolonged ventilator dependence","volume":"12","author":"Spitzer","year":"1989","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib33","first-page":"7","article-title":"Polyneuropathy as a cause of respiratory failure in critical illness","volume":"7","author":"Bolton","year":"1988","journal-title":"Inten Crit Care Dig"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib34","first-page":"10","article-title":"Antibiotics that produce neuromuscular blockade","author":"Snavely","year":"1984","journal-title":"Neurol Alert"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.39.4.403","article-title":"Metronidazole neuropathy","volume":"39","author":"Coxon","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib36","first-page":"1743","article-title":"Dose-response curves for predicting metronidazole-induced peripheral neuropathy","volume":"66","author":"Schwade","year":"1982","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6109(16)44435-X","article-title":"Multiple system organ failure","volume":"68","author":"Fry","year":"1988","journal-title":"Surg Clin N Am"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib38","first-page":"1","article-title":"Clinical definition of sepsis and septic shock","author":"Rackow","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib39","first-page":"97","article-title":"Metabolic responses to sepsis and septic shock","author":"Watters","year":"1986"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-197405000-00004","article-title":"Studies of glucose intolerance in septic injured patients","volume":"14","author":"Gump","year":"1974","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-198210000-00005","article-title":"Mechanisms of insulin resistance following injury","volume":"196","author":"Black","year":"1982","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib42","first-page":"268","article-title":"Nerve microenvironment in diabetic neuropathy","author":"Low","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.39.1.111","article-title":"Hypoxic neuropathy: Does hypoxia play a role in diabetic neuropathy? The 1988 Wartenberg Lecture","volume":"39","author":"Dyck","year":"1989","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib44","first-page":"636","article-title":"Experimental models of primary axonal disease induced by toxic chemicals","volume":"1","author":"Spencer","year":"1984"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198408000-00004","article-title":"Capillary permeability in septic patients","volume":"12","author":"Ellman","year":"1984","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)91447-3","article-title":"Increased vascular permeability: a major cause of hyperalbuminaemia in disease and injury","volume":"1","author":"Fleck","year":"1985","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00686605","article-title":"Studies on vascular permability in peripheral nerves. 1. Distribution of circulating fluorescent serum albumin in normal, crushed and sectioned rat sciatic nerve","volume":"7","author":"Olsson","year":"1966","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathologica"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib48","first-page":"564","article-title":"Increased endoneurial fluid pressure following injection of histamine and compound 48\/80 into rat peripheral nerves","volume":"43","author":"Powell","year":"1980","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198708133170701","article-title":"The effects of vasodilation with prostacyclin on oxygen delivery and uptake in critically ill patients","volume":"317","author":"Bihari","year":"1987","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib50","first-page":"9","article-title":"Peripheral circulation in human septic shock","volume":"7","author":"Thijs","year":"1988","journal-title":"Inten Crit Care Dig"},{"key":"10.1378\/chest.99.1.176_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1984.sp015079","article-title":"Effects of changes of blood pressure, respiratory acidosis and hypoxia on blood flow in the sciatic nerve of the rat","volume":"347","author":"Low","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Physiol"}],"container-title":["Chest"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369216302677?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0012369216302677?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,3]],"date-time":"2019-01-03T03:50:48Z","timestamp":1546487448000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0012369216302677"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1991,1]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1991,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0012369216302677"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.99.1.176","relation":{},"ISSN":["0012-3692"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0012-3692","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1991,1]]}}}